膏脂精微概念与脂凝、脂结关系

本文是在脂凝、脂结理论研究的基础上,就膏脂精微的概念以及与脂凝、脂结的关系做进一步的论述。 1膏脂的概念及来源 膏是脂的组成部分。如《说文.肉部》说：＂膏,脂也。＂膏又是脂质的一种存在形式,其呈液态状者为膏,凝结状者为脂。如《古今韵会举要》曰：＂凝者为脂,释者为膏。＂膏脂来源有两个方面，

膏脂精微气化异常与脂凝、脂结的形成

本文是在脂凝、脂结理论的基础上，就经脉中膏脂精微的气化存在形式、脏营互动与膏脂精微的关系，以及膏脂精微气化异常与脂凝、脂结的形成等做进一步的论述。

脂凝、脂结理论的提出与中医治未病思想

脂凝、脂结理论认为，膏脂存在于经脉之中。如果嗜食肥甘厚味，就会导致经脉之中的膏脂精微壅塞迟缓，气化不行而形成脂凝、脂结[1]。脂凝、脂结是先于血瘀的致病和病理因素。在脂凝、脂结形成的相当长的一段时间内，患者不表现出任何证候，处于未病阶段。

“通利三焦”与“脂凝、脂结”(血脂异常)辨治

"膏脂"由水谷化生,为津液精髓,"三焦气化"为膏脂主要运动形式,布散周身脏腑。脏腑功能失调,膏脂过剩即"脂凝、脂结",易助湿增痰。三焦乃膏脂生成、输布、消耗及排泄枢纽,脂代谢紊乱病位。分别从"脾、肾、痰、瘀"辨治脂代谢紊乱,均为对三焦气化失常中某一发病环节的侧重,可取得一定疗效;三焦气化失常则为对"脂凝、脂结"病理机制更为全面的概括,"通利三焦"最能综合涵盖从"脾、肾、痰、瘀"辨治,为调脂方法高度概括。三焦学说与脂肪组织及内分泌功能极其相似,参与调节糖、脂、能量代谢。中药治疗血脂异常已取得良好效果,病理生化作用得到证实,可减少内源性脂质合成,提高脂蛋白酶活性,调节脂类在体内代谢,促进脂质再分布和排泄,抑制外源性脂质的吸收,降低胰岛素抵抗,抗脂质氧化损伤,改善血液流变性,促进脂质排出,影响血脂相关基因表达等,使用频率较高的是山楂、何首乌、决明子,均具有"通利"特性,反映通利三焦调脂的重要性。

降脂0号胶囊治疗痰瘀互结型高脂血症临床疗效和安全评价研究

探究降脂0号胶囊治疗痰瘀互结型高脂血症临床疗效及安全性能的影响。方法 选取2024年1月~2024年7月期间重庆市铜梁区中医院心内科住院或门诊治疗研究的痰瘀互结型高脂血症患者60例,以随机数字表法为基础分2组,对照组(n=20):常规治疗,观察组(n=20):降脂0号胶囊治疗,通过对患者实施不同药物治疗进而观察2组对比后的相关数据,将数据资料分为计数资料与计量资料两种,并分析不同指标对比后的统计学价值。结果 2组治疗效果与不良反应比较,差异较大;观察组在干预前与对照组的中医证候对比,差别小;干预后,2组中医证候对比,差异较大;干预后,观察组该疾病患者胆固醇及低密度脂蛋白水平与对照组对比,有明显差别(P<0.05),治疗后,2组患者的胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋对比,差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论 降脂0号胶囊治疗痰瘀互结型高脂血症的临床疗效较好,安全性能较高,建议临床参考。

脂必泰胶囊治疗老年痰瘀互结型高脂血症的有效性及对患者血脂和血液流变学的影响

目的针对脂必泰胶囊在老年痰瘀互结型高脂血症中的有效性及对患者血脂和血液流变学的影响进行相关探讨。方法选择2021年5月—2022年5月肥城市中医医院收治的110例痰瘀互结型高脂血症老年患者作为研究对象,通过随机数表法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组55例。对照组患者接受瑞舒伐他汀钙片治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上接受脂必泰胶囊治疗,两组均持续治疗3个月。比较两组临床疗效、中医症状积分、不良反应、血液流变学指标及血脂水平。结果观察组临床总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后观察组患者呕恶痰涎、胸胁胀痛或刺痛、胸闷、头晕症状积分显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组血清纤维蛋白原(FIB)水平、血浆黏度、血小板聚集率、全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度、血清三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论脂必泰能有效调节痰瘀互结高脂血症老年患者血脂水平,显著改善患者血液流变学指标水平,对患者的治疗效果及安全性均较高。

脂凝、脂结理论研究进展

脂凝、脂结理论是近年来提出的有关胸痹心痛病因病理认识的新观点.脂凝、脂结理论认为膏脂存在于经脉中,如过食肥甘厚味,易致经脉中的膏脂精微壅塞迟缓、气化不行而形成脂凝、脂结,并进一步影响气血的运行而发生胸痹心痛.许多学者从膏脂精微的气化存在形式、脏营互动及脂凝、脂结理论与中医治未病思想等方面进行了探讨,丰富了中医病因病理学思想.由此,将近几年脂凝、脂结研究动态进行综述。

肝癌特异性γ-谷氨酰转肽酶、铁蛋白和脂质结合唾液酸联合检测诊断肝癌的价值

目的 探讨肝癌特异性γ 谷氨酰转肽酶、铁蛋白和脂质结合唾液酸浓度改变在肝癌诊断与鉴别中的临床价值。方法 分别定量检测了肝癌、慢性肝病和肝外肿瘤患者血清中肝癌特异性GGT同工酶区带 (HSB)、铁蛋白 (SFn)和脂质结合唾液酸 (LSA)浓度。结果 肝癌组血清HSB浓度TAE前明显异常 ,同时也高于慢性肝炎、肝硬化和肝外肿瘤病人 (P <0 0 0 1) ;SFn和LSA水平肝癌组明显高于慢性肝病患者 ,但与其他肿瘤无鉴别价值 ;肝癌组HSB、SFn和LSA的阳性率分别为10 0 %、5 3 3 %和 6 7 8%。结论 HSB定量和定性检测均优于SFn和LSA的浓度分析 。

Mechanism of the Effect of Polyamines on the Activity of Tonoplasts of Barley Roots Under Salt Stress

The seeds of barley Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Jian 4) were soaked with 0.1 mmol/L putrescine (Put) and 0.5 mmol/L spermidine (Spd), and then the seedlings were treated with 200 mmol/L NaCl. The growth rate (GR), dry matter accumulation, distribution of ions, the amount of polyamines (PAs) bound to tonoplast proteins as well as lipid composition and the activity of tonoplast vesicles isolated from roots were investigated. The results showed that soaking with Put or Spd could retard salt injury, promote GR and dry matter accumulation, and increase K+/Na+ in the roots. Compared with NaCl_treated plants, phospholipid content in root tonoplast rose by soaking with Put and Spd, while the level of galactose in lipids was decreased. Moreover, the ratio in noncovalently conjugated PA contents of (Spd+PAx (an unknown PA)) to (Put+Dap (diaminopropane)), and the total contents of covalently and noncovalently conjugated PAs were all increased. Statistical analysis indicated that the ratio of (Spd+PAx) to (Put+Dap) was significantly and positively correlated with the activities of membrane associated enzymes H+_ATPase and H+_PPase.

Sequence Analysis of Polymorphic Fragments in the Third Intron of Porcine H-FABP Gene

[ Objective] The aim of this study was to provide a theoretical basis for exploring the major genes affecting intramuscular fat （IMF） deposition. [Method] Taking 383 pigs from five breeds including Mashen Pig, Large White Pig, Landrace, Duroc and Shanxi White Pig as the experimental animals, polymorphisms of partial fragments in the third intron of porcine H-FABP gene were detected by PCR-SSCP method, and then the polymorphic fragments were sequenced. [ Result] Two alleles, designated as A and B, were found at the locus 346 in the third intron of porcine H-FABP gene, and the mutation was caused by a A→G substitution. [ Conclusion] A polymorphic locus was discovered in the third intron of porcine H-FABP gene in this experiment, laying a foundation for the further study on the relationship between H-FABP gene and IMF content.

Lipopolysaccharide-induced cerebral inflammatory damage and the therapeutic effect of platelet activating factor receptor antoganist

Objective To investigate lipopolysaccharide （LPS） induced acute cerebral inflammatory damage and the therapeutic effect of ginkgolide B （BN52021）. Methods Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups （n = 10 for each group）： Control group, Model group and Treatment group （treated with BN52021）. LPS were injected into the fourth ventricle of rat to make a neuroinflammatory murine model. Morris water maze was used to detect the learning and memory ability of rats; changes of synapse number and subcellular ultrastructures were observed under a transmission electron microscope; OX-42 positive microglia in the brain was detected by immunohistochemical method. Results The average escape latency in the Treatment group were significantly shortened than that in the Model group; and the percentage of swimming distance traveled in platform quadrant accounting for total distance increased markedly. The rough endoplasmic reticulum and polyribosomes in the Treatment group were more than that in the Model group, but the number of synapses seemed to have no obvious change. The number of OX-42 positive microglia in the Treatment group decreased markedly than that in the Model group, and the grey density of OX-42-positive cells increased significantly. Conclusion LPS can induce inflammatory damages to the brain, but the damage could be antagonized by BN52021. Platelet activating factor receptor antagonist may offer an effective therapy for neurodegeneration diseases.

Herpetin, a New Bioactive Lignan Isolated from Herpetospermum caudigerum

Aim To study the chemical constituents of seeds of Herpetospermum caudigerum. Methods Column chromatography was used in the isolation procedure, and the structure was elucidated by spectral data, whose pharmacologic activity was assayed in vitro. Results A new compound named herpetin was isolated, whose structure was determined to be 3-benzofuran methanol-2, 3-dihydm-2-（4- hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl ）-4-methoxy-6-[ tetrahydm-2-（ 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl ）-3-methanol ]-2- furanmethyl, showed significant inhibitory effects on HBV-DNA and the replication and expression of HBsAg and HBeAg. Conclusion Herpetin offers wide research and development prospect.

Important Roles of Transcription Factors in Regulating Seed Oil Biosynthesis to Increase Plant Storage Lipid Content

In this article, the biosynthetic pathways of storage oil accumulation in oilseed plants were briefly introduced, and the transcription factors, such as B3 do- main supeffamily genes, lecl gene, wril gene etc., and their important role in oil accumulation regulation was mainly elucidated. Overexpession of transcription factors as feasible ways of genetic manipulation to increase oJl content in oilseed crops are promising in a long-term perspective.

Effect of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester on invasion of human colorectal cancer cell line SL-174T

AIML To investigate the effect and mechanism of action of the nitric oxide synthase （NOS） inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester （L-NAME） on invasion and metastasis of human colorectal cancer cell line SL-174T. METHODS： Human colorectal cancer cel4 line SL-174T was cultured and treated separately with four different dosages of L-NAME for 72 h, Nitric oxide （NO） production was measured with Griess reagent, The effect of L-NAME on invasion and migration of SL-174T cells were evaluated by using Transwell chambers attached with polycarbonate filters and reconstituted basement membrane （Matrigel）, RT-PCR was performed to determine the mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 （MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-2 （TIMP-2）,RESULTS： L-NAME could significantly inhibit NO production of SL-174T in a dose-dependent manner. After being treated for 72 h with 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.0 mmol/L L- NAME, respectively, the ability of the L-NAME treated SL- 174T cells to invade the reconstituted basement membrane decreased significantly （t = 8.056, P〈0.05; t= 14.467, P〈0.01; t= 27.785, P〈0.01; and t= 29.405, P〈0.01, respectively） and the inhibition rates were 10.29%, 19.62%, 34.08%, and 42.23%, respectively. Moreover, L-NAME could inhibit migration of SL-174T cells, and the inhibition rates were 20.76%, 24.95%, 39.43%, and 46. 85% for L-NAME at 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.0 mmol/L, respectively （t = 15.116, P〈0.01）. In addition, after treatment with L-NAME, expression of MMP-2 mRNA was significantly decreased （t = 71.238, P〈0.01） and that of TIMP-2 mRNA was markedly increased （t = -13.020, P〈0.01）. CONCLUSION： L-NAME exerts anti-invasive and anti- metastatic effects on SL-174T cell line via downregulating MNP-2 mRNA expression and upregulating TIMP-2 mRNA expression.

DETECTION OF B LYMPHOMA CELLS UNDERGOING APOPTOSIS BY ANNEXIN-V ASSAY

To quantitatively analyze apoptotic and secondary necrotic cells unde r apoptosis conditions. Methods. The cells of Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cell line Raji were incubated with 1 .0 μmol/L dexamethasone (DEX) for 2, 4 and 8 h respectively, then stained with Annexin V FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated) which was used to detec t the exposed phosphatidylserine (PS) on the epimembrane resulting from a loss o f phospholipid asymmetry in the early stage of apoptosis, and also stained with propidium iodide (PI) which allows analysis of secondary necrotic cells related with cell membrane and DNA damage that probably represent late stage of apoptosi s, then apoptotic cells were quantified by flow cytometry (FCM). Furthermore, An nexin+/PI and Annexin+/PI+ cells were sorted by fluoresence activated cell sorter (FACS), and identified by electron microscopy (EM) and DNA gel electroph oresis. Results. The percentage of apoptotic cells was found to increase with the incuba tion time (r=0.97). This method was sensitive with low detection limit (0.02%), and was reproducible with low coefficient variance (CV)(4.2%). Meanwhile, the Annexin+/PI and Annexin+/PI+ cells were identified as apoptotic and necroti c cells under EM, and DNA extracted from the Annexin+/PI cells was characteri zed by “ladder pattern”. Conclusions. Annexin V assay is a specific, sensitive, accurate, reproductive and quantitative method for analyzing apoptotic cells.

Giant submucosal lipoma located in the descending colon: A case report and review of the literature

Colonic lipoma is an uncommon tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. Most cases are asymptomatic, with a small tumor size, and do not need any special treatment. However, we encountered one patient with a giant submucosal lipoma, with a maximum diameter of 8.5 cm, which exhibited symptoms such as intermittent lower abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits with passage of fresh blood and mucus per rectum, abdominal distension, anorexia and weight loss. Unfortunately, the possibility of colonic malignancy could not be precluded and leffc hemicolectomy was planned. The exact diagnosis of this special case was accomplished by intraoperative pathology. In the end, local resection was performed instead of left hemicolectomy. To the best of our knowledge, colonic lipoma exceeding 8 cm in diameter has not been previously reported. We, therefore, present this case and discuss age and sex factors, clinical and histopathological findings, diagnostic methods and treatment by reviewing the available literature, to serve as a reminder that colonic lipoma can also exist in patients with significant symptoms. In addition, intraoperative pathology should be investigated in those doubtful cases, so as to guide the exact diagnosis and treatment plan.

Effects of heat treatment temperature on oxidation behavior of glass-like carbon derived from acetone-furfural resin

Glass-like carbons （GCs） were prepared by carbonization of acetone-furfural resin in nitrogen atmosphere at 850℃, followed by heat treatment over a range of 1 200-2 500℃in inert atmosphere. The effect of heat treatment temperature （HTT） on the oxidation behavior was investigated by dynamic and isothermal thermogravimetric analyses. The structure of GC was examined by X-ray diffractometry （XRD） and the morphologies of GC before and after oxidation were examined by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. It is shown that the GC samples present peculiar oxidation behavior. The anti-oxidation behavior increases with increasing the HTT to 1 600 ℃, whereas decreases gradually thereafter. GC sample heat treated at 1 600℃ obtains relatively optimal anti-oxidation properties under this condition. During the oxidation, this material produces grid network matrix surface and numerous nodular residues on the surface, resulting in excellent resistance to the attack of oxygen atoms.

Fatty liver,carotid disease and gallstones:A study of age-related associations

AIM: To evaluate carotid intima-media thickening (IMT) and plaques, gallstone disease (GD) and fatty liver (FL) as a function of age. METHODS: In 449 subjects, FL and carotid disease were assessed ultrasonographically. In a subgroup of 65/449 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), carotid disease, GD and associated factors were determined. RESULTS: FL of unspecified etiology was more common in younger and GD in older individuals. FL subjects had an increased prevalence of IMT and a decreased prevalence of plaques and manifested carotid disease earlier. Plaques were more common in subjects with GD. Age was an independent predictor of carotid disease outcome and FL was a protective factor for plaques. In NAFLD, there was an inverse correlation between body weight and age and the latter independently predicted carotid findings. CONCLUSION: Cardiovascular risk in patients with FL and NAFLD needs to be assessed as a function of age and body weight.

Systemic delivery of full-length C/EBPβ / liposome complex suppresses growth of human colon cancer in nude mice

C/EBPβ (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β) is an important transcription factor involved in cellular proliferation and differentiation. Overexpression of the full-length C/EBPβ protein results in cellular growth arrest and apoptosis. Using a nonviral liposome as carrier, we delivered the full-length C/EBPβ expression plasmid, pCN, into nude mice bearing CW-2 human colon cancer tumors via tail vein. Southern blots revealed that the major organs and tumors were transfected. Experimental gene therapy showed that a strong suppression of tumor growth was observed in the pCN- treated mice, and such suppression was due to the overexpression of C/EBPβ, leading to the increased apoptosis in tumors of pCN-treated mice. No apparent toxic effects of pCN/liposome complex were observed in the animals. Thus, C/EBPβ has tumor suppression effect in vivo and may be used in gene therapy for cancers.