[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the herbal feed additive Zengrujianniusan on the milk production of dairy cows. [Method] Thirty-two black-white lactating cows were randomly divided...[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the herbal feed additive Zengrujianniusan on the milk production of dairy cows. [Method] Thirty-two black-white lactating cows were randomly divided into four groups, and were fed with forage supplemented with 0 （control group）, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% Zengrujianniusan for 60 d. During this period, the contents of fat, protein and non-fat solid in milk were measured every 20 d. [Result] The milk production of the cows whose forage was added with 0.2 %, 0.4 % and 0.6% Zengrujianniusan was 4.02%, 12.50%, 14.00% higher than that of the control （P〉0.05）. The herbal feed additive had no significant influence on the contents of fat, milk and non-fat solid in milk, but significantly reduced the number of somatic cells. [Conclusion] The study will provide reference for developing feed additives which is safe and non-toxic to cows and their milk.展开更多
Phalaris arundinacea L. is fine perennial herbage of Gramineae. Eight treatments including N, P, K, NP, NK, NPK, PK and controls were done for studying its absorbing efficiency of soil nutrition. At tillering stage, t...Phalaris arundinacea L. is fine perennial herbage of Gramineae. Eight treatments including N, P, K, NP, NK, NPK, PK and controls were done for studying its absorbing efficiency of soil nutrition. At tillering stage, the coefficient of absorbing and utilizing of N, P, and K from soil and fertilizer were analyzed according to M.K. Kaeomobk抯 formula and the contents of crude protein and fat were also measured. The yields of fresh crop, hay and seed were measured at ripening stage. For N absorbing coefficient of Ph. arundinacea from soil (Kn%), the composition PK treatment is best (12.36%) and K treatment is worse, while for N absorbing coefficient from fertilizer (Ky%), all the treatments are higher than control but the composition NPK treatment presented the highest (14.78%). For the absorbing coefficient of P from soil (Kn%), composition NK treatment is highest (19.30%), but K treatment was lower than control, while for that of P from fertilizer (Ky%), all the treatment were higher than control but the composition NP treatment showed the highest (19.52%). As to K absorbing coefficient from soil (Kn%), NP treatment is the best (19.2%) and single P treatment is worst, while for that (Ky%) of K from fertilizer the composition NPK treatment was best (28.44%). As concerns treatments for the outputs of fresh and dry crop, the composition NP treatment was best and all the treatment were higher than control. The composition NK treatment produced highest yield of seed and highest content of crude protein as compared to other treatments. For content of crude fat, the compositions NK and N treatments are best. The experiment indicates that application of fertilizer at proper proportions could increase the yield of Ph. Arundinacea and raise the utilizing efficiency of nourishment element from soil and fertilizer.展开更多
The effect of light intensity (1500 lx and 5000 lx) on the total lipid and fatty acid composition of six strains of marine diatoms Cylindrotheca fusiformis (B211), Phaeodactylum tricornutum (B114, B118 and B221) Nitzs...The effect of light intensity (1500 lx and 5000 lx) on the total lipid and fatty acid composition of six strains of marine diatoms Cylindrotheca fusiformis (B211), Phaeodactylum tricornutum (B114, B118 and B221) Nitzschia closterium (B222) and Chaetoceros gracilis (B13) was investigated. The total lipids of B13, B114, and B211 grown at 5000 lx were lower than those grown at 1500 lx. No evident changes were observed in B118, B221 and B222. Fatty acid composition changed considerably at different light intensity although no consistent correlation between the relative proportion of a single FA and light intensity. The major fatty acids of the 6 strains were 14:0, 16:0, 16:1(n-7) and 20:5(n-3). Cylindrotheca fusiformis had high percentage of 20:4n-6 (9.2-10.9%). The total polyunsaturated fatty acid in all 6 strains decreased with increasing light intensity. The percentage of the highly unsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) decreased with increasing light intensity in all strains except Chaetoceros gracilis.展开更多
In an attempt to enhance organic omega-3 milk production, a practical study was performing in 7 Holstein dairy farms in Northeast Iran. The experiment was conducted at the ＂ShafashirToos industrial dairy farmers prod...In an attempt to enhance organic omega-3 milk production, a practical study was performing in 7 Holstein dairy farms in Northeast Iran. The experiment was conducted at the ＂ShafashirToos industrial dairy farmers production and distribution cooperative＂ located in Northeast Iran, between June 2010 and December 2010. In Golshid-Mashhad Co., cows were fed with no linseed containing diets （NO-Lin）, while in the other farms （Hanaei Co., Ghasemi Co., Taheri Co., Teliseh Co., Arasp Co. and Navingholshid-Khorasan Co.）, cows were fed diets containing 9% ground linseed （Lin）. Cows were used in a randomized complete block experimental design. Diets were provided as TMR. Concentration of fat, protein and lactose in milk was measured. Milk fat extraction and fatty acid separation were determined. There were no differences in the most of the milk fatty acid profiles of cows in farms that received ground linseed but feeding Lin diets compared with NO-Lin, significantly decreased （P 〈 0.05） C8：0-C16：0 concentration and it increased those of C 18：1 n9trans, C 18：1 n9cis, C 18：2 trans and C 18：3 n3. As a result, farms with Lin diets had better milk fatty acid profiles with doubled in a-Linolenic acid concentration and increased in mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids and decrease in medium chain and saturated fatty acids compared with those of the NO-Lin diet. These results clearly demonstrate the possibility for sustainable production of organic omega-3 milk with levels ofC18：3 FA up to 2.4 times higher than typical levels in dairy fat. The manufacture of omega-3 enriched milk and milk products could supply dietary fatty acids at levels that may henefit health, without the need for unrealistic changes to eating habits.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to elucidate the relationship between percentage of body lipid and individual vitamin B6 contents in the anchovy used for production of Japanese soup stock. The contents of individual vit...The purpose of this study was to elucidate the relationship between percentage of body lipid and individual vitamin B6 contents in the anchovy used for production of Japanese soup stock. The contents of individual vitamin B6 compound in foods should be determined to estimate the functionality of foods. Anchovies （Engraulisjaponica） for use as production of iriko, which is a raw material for preparation of Japanese soup stock, were caught using a medium-sized purse seine on May 26th, June 1st, and July 6th 2011 in Tachibana Bay, Nagasaki, Japan. Vitamin B6 contents were analyzed by 4-pyridoxolacone-coversion （all-enzymatic） HPLC. The relationship between body length, lipid content and the individual contents of vitamin B6 compounds in the anchovies was determined. The propriety of anchovies for iriko preparation could not be estimated based on the appearance of length of fishes. The anchovies were rich in vitamin B6, especially pyridoxamine 5＇-phosphate, which may prevent diabetic complications. The percentage of body lipid significantly showed a negative correlation with the content of pyridoxamine 5＇-phosphate. The contents of the other vitamin B6 compounds did not show the significant correlation with the percentage of body lipid.展开更多
Sugar beet tops including leaves and crown harvested and chopped into 3-6 cm, mixed with sugar cane pulp and sugar cane molasses （about 5% of the total mass） to provide a mixture contained 30-35 percent dry mater. A...Sugar beet tops including leaves and crown harvested and chopped into 3-6 cm, mixed with sugar cane pulp and sugar cane molasses （about 5% of the total mass） to provide a mixture contained 30-35 percent dry mater. After two months of ensiling, the silage was evaluated and used in the ration of lactating buffaloes. A Latin square experiment in a changeover design, with three periods of time, each with 20 days for adaptation and 10 days for recording data, was conducted in which 15 multiparous lactating buffloes were used in three similar groups, each with five animals. The prepared silage was included in the diet of lactating buffaloes where a control diet （A） was compared with treatment diets contained 25% （B） and 50% （C） silage （DM basis） respectively. Milk yield was recorded, sampled and analysed for fat, protein, solid not-fat and total solids-content. The maximum daily rough milk yield per animal was obtained on diet C while minimum on diet A （P 〈 0.05）. Similar trends were observed for 4% fat corrected milk, and 3.5% fat corrected milk that were significantly different between the treatments （P 〈 0.05）. The percentage of crude fat and daily fat yield per animal were significantly （P 〈 0.05） higher in treatment C comparing to A and B. An increasingly trend of milk and fat yield was observed when the animals received silage contained diets but statistically it was significant only for the diets contained 50% silage. In addition, the fat percentage was significantly （P 〈 0.05） increased when the buffaloes received diet containing 50% silage. The highest （P 〈 0.05） amount of protein and total solid yield obtained, when the animals received high （50%） silage diet.展开更多
Consumers are becoming increasingly health conscious, and food product choices have expanded. Flavored milk increases milk consumption in children and providing adequate calcium intake as well as associated nutrients....Consumers are becoming increasingly health conscious, and food product choices have expanded. Flavored milk increases milk consumption in children and providing adequate calcium intake as well as associated nutrients. About 40% of the sugar in flavored milk is naturally occurring lactose beverages. The goal of this study was to test the truthfulness of the labeling concerning protein, fat and sugar content of the flavored milk. Moreover, the compliance with the Gulf standard was tested. Ten different brands of flavored milk were used in this study. As per labeled on the package, this study found that： one company did not mention clearly that their products are nonfat milk. We also found that there were variations in the percentage of fat between the ten types of flavored milk. For calcium content, all companies indicated clearly the calcium content except company eight. Concerning laboratory analysis, one company considered as mislabeled since they stated on the package that the percentage of fat 1.1-1.2 and the lab analysis showed it contained 3.1%. All companies were truthful about protein content. Moreover, for calcium, all companies have low calcium content than what has stated on the package except one company.展开更多
基金Supported by Science and Technology Development Program of Shijiazhuang City(08150132A)China Spark Program(2012GA6200025)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the herbal feed additive Zengrujianniusan on the milk production of dairy cows. [Method] Thirty-two black-white lactating cows were randomly divided into four groups, and were fed with forage supplemented with 0 （control group）, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% Zengrujianniusan for 60 d. During this period, the contents of fat, protein and non-fat solid in milk were measured every 20 d. [Result] The milk production of the cows whose forage was added with 0.2 %, 0.4 % and 0.6% Zengrujianniusan was 4.02%, 12.50%, 14.00% higher than that of the control （P〉0.05）. The herbal feed additive had no significant influence on the contents of fat, milk and non-fat solid in milk, but significantly reduced the number of somatic cells. [Conclusion] The study will provide reference for developing feed additives which is safe and non-toxic to cows and their milk.
基金This paper is supported by Educational Committee of Inner Mongolia autonomous Region (No. 950023)
文摘Phalaris arundinacea L. is fine perennial herbage of Gramineae. Eight treatments including N, P, K, NP, NK, NPK, PK and controls were done for studying its absorbing efficiency of soil nutrition. At tillering stage, the coefficient of absorbing and utilizing of N, P, and K from soil and fertilizer were analyzed according to M.K. Kaeomobk抯 formula and the contents of crude protein and fat were also measured. The yields of fresh crop, hay and seed were measured at ripening stage. For N absorbing coefficient of Ph. arundinacea from soil (Kn%), the composition PK treatment is best (12.36%) and K treatment is worse, while for N absorbing coefficient from fertilizer (Ky%), all the treatments are higher than control but the composition NPK treatment presented the highest (14.78%). For the absorbing coefficient of P from soil (Kn%), composition NK treatment is highest (19.30%), but K treatment was lower than control, while for that of P from fertilizer (Ky%), all the treatment were higher than control but the composition NP treatment showed the highest (19.52%). As to K absorbing coefficient from soil (Kn%), NP treatment is the best (19.2%) and single P treatment is worst, while for that (Ky%) of K from fertilizer the composition NPK treatment was best (28.44%). As concerns treatments for the outputs of fresh and dry crop, the composition NP treatment was best and all the treatment were higher than control. The composition NK treatment produced highest yield of seed and highest content of crude protein as compared to other treatments. For content of crude fat, the compositions NK and N treatments are best. The experiment indicates that application of fertilizer at proper proportions could increase the yield of Ph. Arundinacea and raise the utilizing efficiency of nourishment element from soil and fertilizer.
文摘The effect of light intensity (1500 lx and 5000 lx) on the total lipid and fatty acid composition of six strains of marine diatoms Cylindrotheca fusiformis (B211), Phaeodactylum tricornutum (B114, B118 and B221) Nitzschia closterium (B222) and Chaetoceros gracilis (B13) was investigated. The total lipids of B13, B114, and B211 grown at 5000 lx were lower than those grown at 1500 lx. No evident changes were observed in B118, B221 and B222. Fatty acid composition changed considerably at different light intensity although no consistent correlation between the relative proportion of a single FA and light intensity. The major fatty acids of the 6 strains were 14:0, 16:0, 16:1(n-7) and 20:5(n-3). Cylindrotheca fusiformis had high percentage of 20:4n-6 (9.2-10.9%). The total polyunsaturated fatty acid in all 6 strains decreased with increasing light intensity. The percentage of the highly unsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) decreased with increasing light intensity in all strains except Chaetoceros gracilis.
文摘In an attempt to enhance organic omega-3 milk production, a practical study was performing in 7 Holstein dairy farms in Northeast Iran. The experiment was conducted at the ＂ShafashirToos industrial dairy farmers production and distribution cooperative＂ located in Northeast Iran, between June 2010 and December 2010. In Golshid-Mashhad Co., cows were fed with no linseed containing diets （NO-Lin）, while in the other farms （Hanaei Co., Ghasemi Co., Taheri Co., Teliseh Co., Arasp Co. and Navingholshid-Khorasan Co.）, cows were fed diets containing 9% ground linseed （Lin）. Cows were used in a randomized complete block experimental design. Diets were provided as TMR. Concentration of fat, protein and lactose in milk was measured. Milk fat extraction and fatty acid separation were determined. There were no differences in the most of the milk fatty acid profiles of cows in farms that received ground linseed but feeding Lin diets compared with NO-Lin, significantly decreased （P 〈 0.05） C8：0-C16：0 concentration and it increased those of C 18：1 n9trans, C 18：1 n9cis, C 18：2 trans and C 18：3 n3. As a result, farms with Lin diets had better milk fatty acid profiles with doubled in a-Linolenic acid concentration and increased in mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids and decrease in medium chain and saturated fatty acids compared with those of the NO-Lin diet. These results clearly demonstrate the possibility for sustainable production of organic omega-3 milk with levels ofC18：3 FA up to 2.4 times higher than typical levels in dairy fat. The manufacture of omega-3 enriched milk and milk products could supply dietary fatty acids at levels that may henefit health, without the need for unrealistic changes to eating habits.
文摘The purpose of this study was to elucidate the relationship between percentage of body lipid and individual vitamin B6 contents in the anchovy used for production of Japanese soup stock. The contents of individual vitamin B6 compound in foods should be determined to estimate the functionality of foods. Anchovies （Engraulisjaponica） for use as production of iriko, which is a raw material for preparation of Japanese soup stock, were caught using a medium-sized purse seine on May 26th, June 1st, and July 6th 2011 in Tachibana Bay, Nagasaki, Japan. Vitamin B6 contents were analyzed by 4-pyridoxolacone-coversion （all-enzymatic） HPLC. The relationship between body length, lipid content and the individual contents of vitamin B6 compounds in the anchovies was determined. The propriety of anchovies for iriko preparation could not be estimated based on the appearance of length of fishes. The anchovies were rich in vitamin B6, especially pyridoxamine 5＇-phosphate, which may prevent diabetic complications. The percentage of body lipid significantly showed a negative correlation with the content of pyridoxamine 5＇-phosphate. The contents of the other vitamin B6 compounds did not show the significant correlation with the percentage of body lipid.
文摘Sugar beet tops including leaves and crown harvested and chopped into 3-6 cm, mixed with sugar cane pulp and sugar cane molasses （about 5% of the total mass） to provide a mixture contained 30-35 percent dry mater. After two months of ensiling, the silage was evaluated and used in the ration of lactating buffaloes. A Latin square experiment in a changeover design, with three periods of time, each with 20 days for adaptation and 10 days for recording data, was conducted in which 15 multiparous lactating buffloes were used in three similar groups, each with five animals. The prepared silage was included in the diet of lactating buffaloes where a control diet （A） was compared with treatment diets contained 25% （B） and 50% （C） silage （DM basis） respectively. Milk yield was recorded, sampled and analysed for fat, protein, solid not-fat and total solids-content. The maximum daily rough milk yield per animal was obtained on diet C while minimum on diet A （P 〈 0.05）. Similar trends were observed for 4% fat corrected milk, and 3.5% fat corrected milk that were significantly different between the treatments （P 〈 0.05）. The percentage of crude fat and daily fat yield per animal were significantly （P 〈 0.05） higher in treatment C comparing to A and B. An increasingly trend of milk and fat yield was observed when the animals received silage contained diets but statistically it was significant only for the diets contained 50% silage. In addition, the fat percentage was significantly （P 〈 0.05） increased when the buffaloes received diet containing 50% silage. The highest （P 〈 0.05） amount of protein and total solid yield obtained, when the animals received high （50%） silage diet.
文摘Consumers are becoming increasingly health conscious, and food product choices have expanded. Flavored milk increases milk consumption in children and providing adequate calcium intake as well as associated nutrients. About 40% of the sugar in flavored milk is naturally occurring lactose beverages. The goal of this study was to test the truthfulness of the labeling concerning protein, fat and sugar content of the flavored milk. Moreover, the compliance with the Gulf standard was tested. Ten different brands of flavored milk were used in this study. As per labeled on the package, this study found that： one company did not mention clearly that their products are nonfat milk. We also found that there were variations in the percentage of fat between the ten types of flavored milk. For calcium content, all companies indicated clearly the calcium content except company eight. Concerning laboratory analysis, one company considered as mislabeled since they stated on the package that the percentage of fat 1.1-1.2 and the lab analysis showed it contained 3.1%. All companies were truthful about protein content. Moreover, for calcium, all companies have low calcium content than what has stated on the package except one company.
