增加脂肪标准化均质工序稳定消毒牛奶质量

增加脂肪标准化均质工序稳定消毒牛奶质量安徽农业大学畜牧水产学院（合肥２３００３６）李湘琼合肥市鲜奶加工厂（２３００３１）常建国乳脂率是判断消毒牛奶质量的重要指标之一，国标规定≥３．０，但是牛奶中脂肪含量易随奶牛的体质、泌乳周期、饲料和季节的变化而上下...

乳粉中脂肪成分分析标准物质的研制

研制乳粉中脂肪成分分析标准物质。选择与日常脂肪检测水平相当的乳粉,经过混匀、分装、真空密封、辐照灭菌制备了脂肪成分分析标准物质,按5 g/袋进行包装,共包装800个单元。采用碱水解法,分别从均匀性、长期稳定性、短期稳定性、以及6家实验室联合定值进行考察,联合定值实验室均采用碱水解法测定乳粉中脂肪。对定值结果进行不确定度评定,乳粉中脂肪的质量分数为26.5%,扩展不确定度为0.6%(k=2)。结果表明,该标准物质均匀性、稳定性良好,符合JJG 1006—1994要求,满足日常检测质量控制、定量检测等使用要求。

血液杆菌Haematobacter sp.细胞脂肪酸测定的影响因素

应用美国MIDI公司Sherlock MIS系统检测一株归属于血液杆菌属的新菌种Haematobacter sp.HNMC11807的细胞脂肪酸组成,探讨不同培养方法和条件对其细胞脂肪酸组成的影响。采用不同培养条件培养微生物细胞,即不同的培养基组成、固液类型和培养时间;分析比较细胞脂肪酸检测结果存在的差异。同时对比分析仪器专用的两种检测体系,即常规标准和快速标准体系,对样品脂肪酸测定结果的影响。结果发现,细胞脂肪酸组成与其培养条件密切相关,且差异显著。因此,在应用该系统做微生物分类鉴定时,必需严格遵守特定的、统一的培养条件平行进行。

阿托伐他汀钙对高血压病患者餐后甘油三酯代谢异常及血管内皮功能的影响

目的阿托伐他汀钙(立普妥)对高血压病患者餐后甘油三酯代谢异常及血管内皮功能的影响。方法30例高血压病(Ⅰ级)患者并经标准脂肪负荷试验确定为餐后高甘油三酯症,采用高分辨率血管外彩超检测脂餐后4h肱动脉血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能(EDF),随后受试者随机分为立普妥治疗组和常规治疗组,常规治疗组服用双克25mgqd,而立普妥组在常规药物的基础上加服立普妥20mgqn。治疗4周后重复标准脂肪负荷试验和脂餐后4h肱动脉血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能。结果治疗前两组脂肪餐后EDF均较空腹明显下降(立普妥治疗组:13.89%±3.28%比9.88%±3.53%,P<0.05;常规治疗组:14.37%±3.51%比10.11%±3.62%,P<0.05),但两组间TGAUC,TGPR无显著性差别。治疗4周后两组血压均较治疗前有显著下降,立普妥组餐后TGAUC,TGPR较治疗前显著下降[TGAUC:(18.84±6.81比10.12±5.38)mmol/L,P<0.05;TGPR:(3.96±1.78比2.16±1.06)mmol/L,P<0.05],其餐前和餐后EDF较治疗前有明显改善(空腹:13.89%±3.28%比17.96%±3.87%,P<0.05,脂餐后4h:9.88%±3.53%比16.67%±3.35%,P<0.05),且空腹EDF和餐后EDF无显著差异。常规治疗组餐后TGAUC、TGPR、空腹EDF较治疗前无明显改善,餐后EDF虽有所改善,但仍较空腹受损(14.86%±2.75%比11.42%±2.65%,P<0.05)。相关分析显示餐后EDF下降值、SBP、DBP与餐后TGAUC,TGPR呈正相关(TGAUC:相关系数r分别为0.35,0.32,0.25,P<0.05;TGPR:相关系数r分别为0.34,0.31,0.21,P<0.05)。结论立普妥降脂治疗能显著改善高血压病患者餐后甘油三酯代谢及血管内皮功能。

脂肪酸纯度标准物质电位滴定定值方法的建立及其不确定度评价

本文建立了基于电位滴定的脂肪酸纯度标准物质定值方法，通过国家级一级标准物质邻苯二甲酸氢钾实现了向成份量库伦基准的溯源。利用本方法对十三烷酸（C13：0）、十四烷酸（C14：0）、十七烷酸（C17：0）等共七种脂肪酸进行定值分析。实验考察了方法的线性和精密度，探讨评价了测定结果的准确性及不确定度。实验结果证明本方法具有定值准确、精密度高（RSD〈0．12％）、线性好（R2〉0．999）、不确定度小（不确定度〈0．5％）及溯源途径清晰等优点。

Identification of individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by the diagnostic criteria for the metabolic syndrome

AIM:To clarify the efficiency of the criterion of metabolic syndrome to detecting non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).METHODS:Authors performed a cross-sectional study involving participants of a medical health checkup program including abdominal ultrasonography.This study involved 11 714 apparently healthy Japanese men and women,18 to 83 years of age.NAFLD was defined by abdominal ultrasonography without an alcohol intake of more than 20 g/d,known liver disease,or current use of medication.The revised criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment PanelⅢ were used to characterize the metabolic syndrome.RESULTS:NAFLD was detected in 32.2%(95%CI:31.0%-33.5%)of men(n=1874 of 5811)and in 8.7%(95%CI:8.0%-9.5%)of women(n=514 of 5903).Among obese people,the prevalence of NAFLD was as high as 67.3%(95%CI:64.8%-69.7%)in men and 45.8%(95%CI:41.7%-50.0%)in women.Although NAFLD was thought of as being the liver phenotype of metabolic syndrome,the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among subjects with NAFLD was low both in men and women.66.8%of men and 70.4%of women with NAFLD were not diagnosed with the metabolic syndrome.48.2%of men with NAFLD and 49.8%of women with NAFLD weren't overweight[body mass index(BMI)≥25 kg/m2].In the same way,68.6%of men with NAFLD and 37.9%of women with NAFLD weren't satisfied with abdominal classification(≥90 cm for men and≥80 cm for women).Next,authors defined it as positive at screening for NAFLD when participants satisfied at least one criterion of metabolic syndrome.The sensitivity of the definition"at least 1 criterion"was as good as 84.8%in men and 86.6%in women.Separating subjects by BMI,the sensitivity was higher in obese men and women than in non-obese men and women(92.3%vs 76.8%in men,96.1%vs 77.0%in women,respectively).CONCLUSION:Authors could determine NAFLD effectively in epidemiological study by modifying the usage of the criteria for metabolic syndrome.

Usefulness of the epicardial fat tissue thickness as a diagnostic criterion for geriatric patients with metabolic syndrome

Objective To evaluate the epicardial fat tissue thickness （EFTT） as a diagnostic criterion for geriatric patients with metabolic syn- drome （MetS）. Methods Sixty geriatric patients over 65 years of age were recruited for the study. Patients were divided into two groups： Group 1 （n = 30） consisted of patients with MetS; Group 2 （n = 30） consisted of patients without MetS. Echocardiography was used to measure EFTT in all patients, and blood samples were analyzed for biochemical parameters. Results Compared to Group 2, EFTT levels of Group 1 were statistically higher （P 〈 0.05）. In a binary logistic regression analysis, EFTT levels served as the independent factor for meta- bolic syndrome 03 = 17.35, SE = 4.93, Wald = 12.36, P 〈 0.001）. Receivers operating characteristic Curve （ROC-curve） analysis revealed that EFTT predicted MetS with 96.7% sensitivity and 86.7% specificity above the level of 7.3 mm [area under the curve = 0.969; 95% con- fidence interval （CI）： 0.928-1.00]. Conclusions The present study demonstrated that serum EFTT levels were higher in geriatric patients with MetS and can therefore be used as a diagnostic criterion for MetS.

空腹三酰甘油与不同时间动脉粥样硬化指数的相关性

目的探讨空腹三酰甘油(TAG)与不同时间动脉粥样硬化指数(AI)的相关性。方法选取2019年1月至12月于乌鲁木齐市中医医院门诊就诊的24例2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者,根据空腹TAG水平将患者分为空腹TAG增高组(n=10,空腹TAG>1.8 mmol/L)和TAG正常组(n=14,空腹TAG≤1.8 mmol/L)。比较两组一般资料、动脉粥样硬化发生率、TAG达峰时间、空腹、脂肪餐后2、4、6 h血脂代谢[TAG、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)]、血糖、胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)、C肽、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、丙二醛(MDA),分析TAG与AI相关性。结果空腹TAG增高组与空腹TAG正常组TAG达峰时间均在餐后4 h,空腹、餐后2、4、6 h TAG、TC高于空腹TAG正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);空腹TAG增高组餐后2、4、6 h AI高于空腹TAG正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。空腹TAG与空腹AI呈正相关(r=0.552,P<0.05),餐后2 h TAG与餐后2 h AI呈正相关(r=0.868,P<0.05),餐后4 h TAG与餐后4 h AI呈正相关(r=0.710,P<0.05),餐后6 h TAG与餐后6 h AI呈正相关(r=0.767,P<0.05)。结论T2DM患者TAG与AI存在正相关关系,故早期明确T2DM患者空腹与餐后TAG水平,可为临床评估血脂代谢紊乱、判断动脉粥样硬化发生提供数据支持。

Liver histology according to the presence of metabolic syndrome in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease cases

AIM:To investigate the histologic features of the liver in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) cases according to the presence of metabolic syndrome or its individual components. METHODS:We enrolled 81 patients (40 male,41 fe-male) who were diagnosed with fatty liver by ultraso-nographic scan and fulfi lled the inclusion criteria. First anamnesis,anthropometric,clinical,laboratory and imaging features of all participants were recorded and then liver biopsy was performed after gaining consent from patients. Diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was dependent on patients having 3 or more out of 5 risk criteria defined by the WHO. Biopsy specimens were assessed according to Brunt et al's classification. RESULTS:Sixty-nine of the 81 patients had nonalco-holic steatohepatitis (NASH),11 had simple fatty liver and 1 had cirrhosis according to histologic evaluation. Comparisons were made between two groups of NASH patients,those with and without metabolic syndrome. We did not detect statistically significant differences in liver histology between NASH patients with and wit-hout metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION:NASH can progress without metabolic risk factors or the presence of metabolic syndrome.

Construction and characterization of a normalized cDNA library of Nannochloropsis oculata(Eustigmatophyceae)

We constructed and characterized a normalized cDNA library of Nannochloropsis oculata CS-179,and obtained 905 nonredundant sequences(NRSs) ranging from 431-1 756 bp in length.Among them,496 were very similar to nonredundant ones in the GenBank(E ≤1.0e-05),and 349 ESTs had significant hits with the clusters of eukaryotic orthologous groups(KOG).Bases G and/or C at the third position of codons of 14 amino acid residues suggested a strong bias in the conserved domain of 362 NRSs(>60%).We also identified the unigenes encoding phosphorus and nitrogen transporters,suggesting that N.oculata could efficiently transport and metabolize phosphorus and nitrogen,and recognized the unigenes that involved in biosynthesis and storage of both fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs),which will facilitate the demonstration of eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) biosynthesis pathway of N.oculata.In comparison with the original cDNA library,the normalized library significantly increased the efficiencies of random sequencing and rarely expressed genes discovering,and decreased the frequency of abundant gene sequences.

Process Optimization for Biodiesel Production from Animal Fat via Two-Step Catalyzed Process

The main propose of this research was to develop a two-step biodiesel production technique from animal fat as a raw material. The developed process consists ofesterification and transesterification steps. With special attention to optimize the first step is acid catalyzed esterification to reduce free fatty acid content and the second step is alkali catalyzed transesterification for converting triglyceride to fatty acid methyl ester or biodiesel. Animal fat containing 78.80 mg KOH/g of high acid value and molecular weight of 851 g/mol with the highest oleic acid content was used as raw material. Respond surface methodology （RSM） was applied for the experiment design. This were 20 experiments involving the three investigated variables of methanol to animal fat ratio, amount of sulfuric acid catalyst and reaction time that were studied on esterification to optimize the condition for decreasing acid value in animal fat less than 2 mg KOH/g. The animal fat with low acid value was further experimented in transesterification step to obtain fatty acid methyl ester or biodiesel. Animal fat biodiesel is further investigated by determining its fuel properties according to the ASTM standard test method.

Determination of Cholesterol Content in Waste Fat by Dual-wavelength Spectrophotometry

[Objective]The aim was to find a way to measure the cholesterol content in deserted oil.[Method]Dual-wavelength spectrophotometry method was used for the determination of cholesterol in edible oil.630 nm and 720 nm were set as target band and reference band in this method,respectively.The result was compared to liquid chromatography method.[Result]The relative standard deviation(RSD)was at 1.26% and recovery was between 101.9% and 110.7%.Linear range was 8.0-40.0 μg/ml.The tested result was close to the result of liquid chromatography.[Conclusion]It was proved that this method was easy,fast and accurate.The disturbance of sitosterol was eliminated without isolation.It can be used for fast identification of the authenticity of waste fat.

原发性高血压患者餐后甘油三酯代谢异常与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的 研究原发性高血压患者 (EH)餐后甘油三酯代谢异常与胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法 4 4例EH患者和 2 2例健康人禁食 10～ 12h后 ,进行标准脂肪负荷试验 ,以甘油三酯 (TG) 8h曲线下面积 (TG AUC)和TG峰反应 (TGPR)作为标准脂肪负荷后TG反应水平的指标。以胰岛素敏感性指数 (ISI)及胰岛素曲线下面积 (IS AUC)作为胰岛素敏感性的判定指标。结果 (1)EH组TG AUC ,TGPR均显著高于对照组 (2 0mmol/L± 6mmol/L比 10mmol/L± 4mmol/L ,P <0 0 5 ;4 14mmol/L±3 0mmol/L比 2 0 6mmol/L± 1 32mmol/L ,P <0 0 1)。 (2 )EH组IS AUC显著高于对照组 (194mU/L±6 0mU/L比 130mU/L± 2 9mU/L ,P <0 0 5 ) ;ISI显著低于对照组 (- 4 12± 0 4 6比 - 3 76± 0 2 4 ,P <0 0 5 )。 (3)EH合并胰岛素敏感性降低者 (n =2 7)其餐后TG AUC ,TGPR显著高于EH胰岛素敏感性正常者 (n =17) (2 5mmol/L± 13mmol/L比 13mmol/L± 7mmol/L ,P <0 0 1;5 2 5mmol/L± 3 0 3mmol/L比3 16mmol/L± 1 4 6mmol/L ,P <0 0 5 ) ;而EH胰岛素敏感性正常者与正常对照组无显著性差别。结论 高血压病患者存在餐后TG代谢障碍和消除延迟 ,胰岛素抵抗影响高血压病患者餐后甘油三酯代谢 ,是餐后甘油三酯代谢异常的重要影响因素。