信阳茶油提取工艺优化及脂肪酸组成分析

该文以信阳新县地区油茶籽为原料,采用超声波辅助有机溶剂法提取信阳地区油茶籽油,利用气相色谱技术对油茶籽油进行脂肪酸组成分析。选取液料比、超声时间、超声温度、超声功率为自变量,以得油率为评定指标,在单因素试验的基础上进行响应面法优化试验。结果显示,液料比、超声功率对信阳茶油提取影响极显著,提取最佳工艺条件为液料比19∶1(mL/g)、超声功率200 W、超声时间63 min、超声温度60℃,该条件下得油率为39.14%。提取的油茶籽油中共鉴定出11种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸5种,占总脂肪酸9.98%;不饱和脂肪酸6种,占总脂肪酸90.02%。脂肪酸组成中油酸含量高达80.3%。

响应面法优化超声波辅助提取辣椒籽油及脂肪酸组成分析

根据Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计原理,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面分析法,建立了超声辅助提取辣椒籽油的二次多项数学模型,并以辣椒籽出油率为响应值做响应面和等高线,考察了液料比、提取温度、提取时间和超声频率对辣椒籽油提取效果的影响。结果表明,辣椒籽油提取的优化工艺条件为:液料比8.68∶1,提取温度66.9℃,提取时间28.5 min,超声频率54.6kHz。在此工艺条件下,辣椒籽出油率为25.17%。气相色谱仪测定表明,辣椒籽油的主要成分为亚油酸73.2%,油酸9.2%,硬脂酸0.8%,棕榈酸16.1%,α-亚麻酸0.7%。

超声波辅助提取黑豆油及其脂肪酸组成分析

采用超声波辅助法,以石油醚为溶剂提取黑豆油。考察了提取时间、提取温度、料液比和超声波功率对黑豆油提取效果的影响。结果表明,提取黑豆油的优化工艺条件为:提取时间9min,提取温度58℃,料液比1∶9,超声功率110W,在此条件下,黑豆油得率达到83.83%。对黑豆油进行GC-MS分析可知,黑豆油的主要脂肪酸有棕榈酸19.24%、亚油酸46.28%、油酸18.62%和硬脂酸7.3%等,其不饱和脂肪酸含量达68.98%。

鸵鸟油的提取及脂肪酸的GC-MS分析

以新鲜鸵鸟板油为原料,研究用溶剂浸提法提取鸵鸟油的工艺条件。在单因素实验的基础上,通过正交实验得到浸提法提取鸵鸟油的最佳工艺条件为,料液比1∶12,提取温度70℃,浸提时间为10h,油脂提取率为94.7%。GC-MS分析结果表明,鸵鸟油脂肪酸的主要组分为棕榈油酸8.22%、棕榈酸36.95%、亚油酸7.34%、油酸36.24%、亚麻酸2.15%、硬脂酸8.26%。

Composition Analysis on Intermuscular Fatty Acid of Qinghai Datong Yak

[ Objective] The study aimed to provide a theoretical basis for rational utilization of Datong yak resource. [ Method] By qualitative and quantitative determination with gas chromatograph, the composition and content of intermuscular fatty acid of Datong yak were compared with those of Datong yellow cattle. [ Result] Comparing with Datong yellow cattle, Datong yak had lower saturated fatty acid （SFA） content and higher polyunsaturated fatty acid （PUFA） content at extremely significant level （P 〈0.01 ）, while the difference of monounsaturated fatty acid （MUFA） contents between them was not significant （P〉0.05）. The PUFA/SFA and n-6/n-3 PUFA of Datong yak were in accordance with the recommended proportions. [ Conclusion] The intermuscular fatty acid composition of Datong yak is superior to that of local yellow cattle, which indicates that Datong yak meat has high nutritive value and wide development prospect.

Analysis of fatty acid composition of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus using multivariate statistics

Fatty acids(FAs) provide energy and also can be used to trace trophic relationships among organisms.Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus goes into a state of aestivation during warm summer months.We examined fatty acid profiles in aestivated and non-aestivated A.japonicus using multivariate analyses(PERMANOVA,MDS,ANOSIM,and SIMPER).The results indicate that the fatty acid profiles of aestivated and non-aestivated sea cucumbers differed significantly.The FAs that were produced by bacteria and brown kelp contributed the most to the differences in the fatty acid composition of aestivated and nonaestivated sea cucumbers.Aestivated sea cucumbers may synthesize FAs from heterotrophic bacteria during early aestivation,and long chain FAs such as eicosapentaenoic(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) that produced from intestinal degradation,are digested during deep aestivation.Specific changes in the fatty acid composition of A.japonicus during aestivation needs more detailed study in the future.