脂质饮食对犬体内莫昔沙星药动学的影响

目的:研究脂质饮食对莫昔沙星药动学的影响。方法:8只Beagle犬分别在空腹或脂质饮食状态下灌服莫昔沙星胶囊17mg·kg-1,1周后交叉实验;采用高效液相色谱法测定不同时间(72h内)血药浓度,用3p97软件计算二者的药动学参数并进行比较。结果:Beagle犬空腹组和脂质饮食组的药-时曲线分别符合二室模型和一室模型;空腹和脂质饮食状态下莫昔沙星主要药动学参数t1/2(βt1/2ke)分别为(24.89±6.77)、(12.32±2.96)h,tmax分别为(2.00±0.76)、(9.00±1.85)h,Cmax分别为(7.07±0.67)、(4.16±1.32)μg·mL-1,AUC0～t分别为(84.30±10.86)、(85.78±27.38)μg·h·mL-1;除AUC0～t外,其余各参数两两比较均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:脂质饮食可明显延迟莫昔沙星的吸收,不利于其抗菌作用的发挥。

脂质饮食对加替沙星药动学的影响

目的：研究脂质饮食对加替沙星药动学的影响。方法：8只Beagle犬随机交叉空腹或给予脂质饮食同时单次口服加替沙星胶囊17mg·kg^-1，采用高效液相色谱法测定血药浓度，用3p97软件计算两者的药动学参数，并评价脂质饮食对加替沙星药动学的影响。结果：空腹组和脂质饮食组的药-时曲线符合口服吸收一室模型，主要药动学参数t1/2Ke。分别为（4．00±0．84）、（7．87±1．54）h；tmax分别为（2．29±1．08）、（3．61±2．72）h；Cmax分别为（6．06±0．87）、（2．91±1．27）μg·mL^-1；AUC（0～t）分别为（56．74±10．80）、（45．35±10．81）μg·h·mL^-1，其中t1/2Ke、Cmax比较均有显著性差异（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论：脂质饮食明显影响加替沙星药动学参数。

脂质饮食对犬体内司帕沙星药动学的影响

目的:研究脂质饮食对司帕沙星药动学的影响。方法:8只Beagle犬分别在空腹或脂质饮食状态下单次口服司帕沙星10mg·kg-1,2周后交叉实验;采用高效液相色谱法测定不同时间血药浓度,用3p97软件计算二者的药动学参数并进行比较。结果:空腹和脂质饮食状态下司帕沙星的口服吸收符合二室模型。主要药动学参数t1/2β分别为(17.90±5.36)、(12.45±3.17)h,tmax分别为(3.28±1.32)h、(1.45±0.73)h,Cmax分别为(0.70±0.19)、(2.54±0.71)μg·mL-1,AUC0～t分别为(11.66±3.77)、(38.46±7.13)μg·h·mL-1;各药动学参数两两比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:脂质饮食可明显促进司帕沙星的吸收,对其药动学参数有明显影响。

脂质饮食对诺氟沙星在Beagle犬体内药动学的影响

目的:研究脂质饮食对诺氟沙星在Beagle犬体内药动学的影响。方法:取6只Beagle犬均分为两组,分别在空腹或进食脂质状态下灌服诺氟沙星胶囊40 mg/kg,2周后两组犬交叉实验;采用高效液相色谱法测定给药前与给药后0.5、1、2、3、4、6、8、10、12、24 h的血药浓度,用3p97软件计算诺氟沙星的药动学参数。结果:诺氟沙星在Beagle犬空腹和进食脂质状态下的药-时曲线均符合一室模型;空腹和进食脂质状态下诺氟沙星的主要药动学参数分别为t1/2(3.82±1.10)、(4.30±1.78)h,tmax(0.72±0.37)、(2.94±1.12)h,cmax(0.93±0.18)、(0.92±0.43)μg/ml,AUC0-24 h(6.26±0.98)、(8.45±1.78)μg·h/ml;两种状态间比较,除tmax差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)外,其余参数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:脂质饮食可明显延迟诺氟沙星的达峰时间。

秦皮甲素对高脂饮食诱导非酒精性脂肪肝的保护作用研究

目的研究秦皮甲素对高脂饮食诱导小鼠脂肪肝病的保护作用及可能机制。方法 C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、秦皮甲素低剂量组和秦皮甲素高剂量组。对照组小鼠给予正常饮食,模型组和药物组给予高脂饮食处理12周。秦皮甲素低、高剂量组(20和40 mg·kg^-1)灌胃给药12周。全自动生化仪检测血脂指标,生化试剂盒检测血清中AST和ALT水平,H&E和Masson染色检测肝脏变性情况,Real-time PCR和Western blot法测定肝脏组织中脂质合成基因PPAR-γ、FASN以及LXR的表达。结果秦皮甲素可逆转高脂饮食诱导小鼠血脂指标的异常,降低ALT和AST的水平,降低高脂饮食诱导的肝脏脂肪变性以及纤维化,降低高脂饮食诱导小鼠肝脏中脂质合成基因PPAR-γ、FASN和LXR的表达。结论秦皮甲素可抑制高脂饮食诱导的非酒精性脂肪肝病的生成,其机制与其调节肝脏脂质生成基因的表达有关。

Metabolomic changes in fatty liver can be modified by dietary protein and calcium during energy restriction

AIM： To characterise the effect of energy restriction （ER） on liver lipid and primary metabolite profile by using metabolomic approach. We also investigated whether the effect of energy restriction can be further enhanced by modification of dietary protein source and calcium. METHODS： Liver metabolomic profile of lean and obese C57BI/6J mice （n = 10/group） were compared with two groups of weight-reduced mice. ER was performed on control diet and whey protein-based high-calcium diet （whey ＋ Ca）. The metabolomic analyses were performed using the UPLC/MS based lipidomic platform and the HPLC/MS/MS based primary metabolite platform.RESULTS： ER on both diets significantly reduced hepatic lipid accumulation and lipid droplet size, while only whey ＋ Ca diet significantly decreased blood glucose （P 〈 0.001） and serum insulin （P 〈 0.01）. In hepatic lipid species the biggest reduction was in the level of triacylglycerols and cerarnides while the level of cholesterol esters was significantly increased during ER. Interestingly, diacylglycerol to phospholipid ratio, an indicator of relative amount of diabetogenic diglyceride species, was increased in the control ER group, but decreased in the whey ＋ Ca ER group （P 〈 0.001, vs obese）. ER on whey ＋ Ca diet also totally reversed the obesity induced increase in the relative level of lipotoxic cerarnides （P 〈 0.001, vs obese; P 〉 0.05, vs lean）. These changes were accompanied with up-regulated TCA cycle and pentose phosphate pathway rnetabolites. CONCLUSION： ER-induced changes on hepatic rnetabolornic profile can be significantly affected by dietary protein source. The therapeutic potential of whey protein and calcium should be further studied.

Effect of Different Dietary Protein and Lipid Levels on the Growth,Body Composition,and Intestinal Digestive Enzyme Activities of Juvenile Yellow Drum Nibea albiflora(Richardson)

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the optimal dietary protein-to-lipid ratio for juvenile Nibea albiflora with an initial weight of(11.76 ± 0.20) g.Nine experimental diets containing different concentrations of protein(40%,47%,or 54%) and lipids(5%,9%,or 13%) in a 3 × 3 factorial experimental design were tested in triplicate groups of fish,while the protein-to-energy(P/E) ratios of the diets varied in the range of 19.74–28.32 mg k J^(-1).Results showed that fish fed diets containing 9% or 13% lipids with 54% protein exhibited significantly higher weight gains and specific growth rates than those fed other diets.The feed conversion rate of fish fed the diet with 40% protein and 5% lipids was significantly poorer than that of fish fed other diets.The protein efficiency rate of fish fed diets with 5% lipids was significantly lower than that of fish fed 9% or 13% lipid diets.Carcass lipid and energy contents were positively correlated with dietary lipid level regardless of protein level.Fish fed a 54% protein diet showed the highest trypsin activity.The intestinal lipase activity of fish fed the diet containing 13% lipids was significantly higher than that of fish fed 5% or 9% lipid diets.These results demonstrate the high protein dietary requirements of N.albiflora.A diet containing 54% protein and 9%–13% lipids with a P/E ratio of 26.2–27.81 mg protein k J^(-1) can be considered optimal for juvenile N.albiflora.

Effect of Replacing Fish Meal with Extruded Soybean Meal on Growth, Feed Utilization and Apparent Nutrient Digestibility of Juvenile White Shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)

Extruded soybean meal （ESBM） was evaluated as a protein source for partial replacement of fish meal （FM） in diets of juvenile Litopenaeus vannarnei. In the control diet （Diet 1）, FM protein was replaced with increasing dietary levels of ESBM （4.28%, 8.40%, 12.62%, 16.82%, and 25.26%） at 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 60% levels （Diets 2 to 6, respectively）. An eight-week feeding trial was conducted on 720 juvenile shrimp （0.67 g ± 0.01 g mean initial Weight）, and nutrient digestibility of the six diets was determined. ESBM could replace 20% of FM without causing a significant reduction in growth of shrimp, but other dietary treatments strongly affected whole body composition. Crude protein content of the whole body fed Diet 6 was significantly lower than that fed Diet 2 （P〈0.05）, while crude lipid content of the whole body fed Diet 5 or 6 was significantly higher than that fed Diet 2 （P〈0,05）. Protein digestibilities of Diets 5 and 6 were significantly lower than that of Diet 1 （P〈0.05）. Digestibility of lipids ranged from 96.97% in Diet 6 to 98.34% in Diet 3, whereas dry matter digestibility decreased with increasing replacement level. This study indicates that 20% FM replacement with ESBM in the basic diet containing 40% protein and 30% FM is optimal for juvenile L. vannamei.