脉冲激光序贯结合普萘洛尔对小儿血管瘤疗效及相关因子的影响

目的:观察595 nm+1064 nm脉冲激光序贯结合普萘洛尔对小儿血管瘤疗效及对相关因子的影响。方法:选取2018年10月—2019年10月本院收治的84例血管瘤患儿为研究对象,按随机数字法分为单一脉冲组(n=42)和脉冲序贯组(n=42)。单一脉冲组采用595 nm脉冲激光+普萘洛尔进行治疗,脉冲序贯组采用595 nm+1064 nm脉冲激光序贯联合普萘洛尔进行治疗。比较2组治疗6个月后的临床疗效、血管瘤表现(血管瘤颜色转浅所需时间、血管瘤面积缩小50%所需时间、血管瘤面积、血管瘤厚度)、相关细胞因子[血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)、血清环氧化酶-2(cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2)、结缔组织生长因子(connective tissue growth factor,CTGF)]及不良反应情况。结果:治疗6个月时,脉冲序贯组的临床有效率为97.62%,高于单一脉冲组的71.43%(P<0.05)。脉冲序贯组的血管瘤颜色转浅所需时间、血管瘤面积缩小50%所需时间均小于单一脉冲组(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,脉冲序贯组和单一脉冲组治疗6个月时的血管瘤面积、血管瘤厚度、相关细胞因子(VEGF、COX-2、CTGF)表达水平均降低,且脉冲序贯组的血管瘤面积、血管瘤厚度、细胞因子(VEGF、COX-2、CTGF)表达水平降低幅度高于单一脉冲组(P<0.05)。脉冲序贯组的不良反应发生率为7.14%,低于单一脉冲组的23.81%(P<0.05)。结论:595 nm+1064 nm脉冲激光序贯结合普萘洛尔治疗小儿血管瘤疗效较好,且安全性高,具有抑制VEGF、COX-2、CTGF表达的作用。

化学交换饱和传递磁共振成像建模与仿真

为解决化学交换饱和传递(CEST)磁共振成像(MRI)脉冲序列参数优化设计困难的问题,提出基于脉冲序列模型的仿真方法.依据CEST的基本原理和饱和脉冲序列的特点,建立脉冲CEST MRI数学模型.通过仿真CEST MRI与脉冲序列各参数定量关系,得到CEST MRI与化学交换律存在单调关系的扫描序列参数,实现在给定实验条件下快速获得序列优化参数的方法.

Realization of Two-Qutrit Quantum Gates with Control Pulses

We investigate the realization of 2-qutrit logic gate in a bipartite 3-level system with qusi-Ising interaction. On the basis of Caftan decomposition of matrices, the unitary matrices of 2-qutrit are factorized into products of a series of realizable matrices. It is equivalent to exerting a certain control field on the system, and the control goal is usually gained by a sequence of control pulses. The general discussion on the realization of 2-qutrit logic gate is made first, and then the realization of the ternary SWAP gate and the ternary √SWAP gate are discussed specifically, and the sequences of control pulses and drift processes implementing these gates are given.

Recent Advances in ^(19)Fluorine Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Perfluorocarbon Emulsions

The research roots of 19fluorine （19F） magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） date back over 35 years. Over that time span, 1H imaging flourished and was adopted worldwide with an endless array of applications and imaging approaches, making magnetic resonance an indispensable pillar of biomedical diagnostic imaging. For many years during this timeframe, 19F imaging research continued at a slow pace as the various attributes of the technique were explored. However, over the last decade and particularly the last several years, the pace and clinical relevance of 19F imaging has exploded. In part, this is due to advances in MRI instrumentation, ~gF/1H coil designs, and ultrafast pulse sequence development for both preclinical and clinical scanners. These achievements, coupled with interest in the molecular imaging of anatomy and physiology, and combined with a cadre of innovative agents, have brought the concept of ~gF into early clinical evaluation. In this review, we attempt to provide a slice of this rich history of research and development, with a particular focus on liquid perfluorocarbon compound-based agents.

Spatiotemporal evolution of high-aspect-ratio filamentary trace in sapphire of picosecond pulse burst-mode for laser lift-off

The influence of the picosecond(ps) pulsed burst with a nanosecond scale of temporal separation(50 ns) on filamentary traces in sapphire substrate is investigated. The spatiotemporal evolution of the filamentary plasma string induced by sub-pulses of the burst-mode is revealed according to the analysis of the instantaneous photoluminescence images. Due to the presence of residual plasma, the energy loss of sub-pulse during the balancing of self-focusing effect is reduced, and thus refreshes the plasma via refocusing. The refreshed plasma peak generated by the subsequent subpulse appears at relatively low density positions in the formed filamentary plasma string, which results in more uniform densities and less spatial overlap among the plasma peaks. The continuity and uniformity of the filamentary trace in sapphire are enhanced by the burst-mode. Besides, the burst filamentary propagation can also remain effective when the sub-pulse energy is below the self-focusing threshold. Based on this uniform and precise energy propagation mode, the feasibility of its use for the laser lift-off(LLO) process is verified.

Effect of welding sequence on residual stress and deformation of 6061-T6 aluminium alloy automobile component

Four different welding sequences of double-pulse MIG welding were conducted for 6061-T6 aluminum alloy automobile bumpers by using nonlinear elastoplasticity finite element method based on ABAQUS software.The post-welding residual stress and deformation were definitely different among the four welding sequences.The results showed that the highest temperature in Solution A was approximately 200℃higher than the melting point of base metal.High residual stress was resulted from this large temperature gradient and mainly concentrated on the welding vicinity between beam and crash box.The welding deformation primarily occurred in both of the contraction of two-ends of the beam and the self-contraction of crash box.Compared with other welding sequences,the residual stress in Solution A was the smallest,whereas the welding deformation was the largest.However,the optimal sequence was Solution B because of the effective reduction of residual stress and good assembly requirements.

On Impulsive Control for Synchronization and Its Application to Matsumoto-Chua-Kobayashi （MCK） Circuit

The issue of impulsive control theory for synchronization of the MCK circuit is developed. We propose an impulsive control scheme for the complete synchronization of the MCK circuit including chaotic systems. A sufficient condition for the impulsive control is derived, with an easily calculated maximum impulsive interval. The proposed impulsive control scheme is applied to the MCK circuit and the simulation result demonstrates the effectiveness of the method.

Human Body Behavior as Response on Autonomous Maneuvers, Based on ATD and Human Model

In the near future, active safety systems will take more control over the vehicle driving, even up to introducing fully autonomous vehicles. Nowadays, it is expected that the active safety systems will aid avoiding collisions much more efficiently than human drivers. These systems can protect not only the passengers, but also other road users. To mitigate collision, certain maneuvers （e.g., sudden braking, lane change, etc.） need to be done in a reasonably quick time. However, this may lead to low-g energy pulses. The latter fact, may cause unexpected and, in some cases, unwanted occupant body motion resulting even in OOP （out of position） postures. New patterns of occupant reactions in such cases are, to some extent, confirmed experimentally [1-3]. This paper evaluates the limits of standard ATDs （anthropometric test devices） and chosen human models in well established maneuver scenarios. Obtained results are compared with experimental data available in the literature. Drawbacks identify new challenges for the near future simulation based safety engineering. One scenario with combined conditions of emergency braking during lane change has been used as an example of OOP posture after maneuver.

Application of Wavelet Packet Energy Spectrum to Extract the Feature of the Pulse Signal

The wavelet packet is presented as a new kind of multiscale analysis technique followed by Wavelet analysis. The fundamental and realization arithmetic of the wavelet packet analysis method are described in this paper. A new application approach of the wavelet packed method to extract the feature of the pulse signal from energy distributing angle is expatiated. It is convenient for the microchip to process and judge by using the wavelet packet analysis method to make the pulse signals quantized and analyzed. Kinds of experiments are simulated in the lab, and the experiments prove that it is a convenient and accurate method to extract the feature of the pulse signal based on wavelet packed-energy spectrumanalysis.

Application of constrained sparse spike inversion in reservoir predication:a case study of Oriente Basin in South America

In the conditions of low Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR) of seismic data and a small quality of log information,the consequences of seismic interpretation through the impedance inversion of seismic data could be more precise. Constrained sparse spike inversion(CSSI) has advantage in oil and gas reservoir predication because it does not rely on the original model. By analyzing the specific algorithm of CSSI,the accuracy of inversion is controlled. Oriente Basin in South America has the low amplitude in geological structure and complex lithologic trap. The well predication is obtained by the application of CSSI.

Experimental implementation of a fixed-point duality quantum search algorithm in the nuclear magnetic resonance quantum system

In this work, we demonstrated a fixed-point quantum search algorithm in the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) system. We constructed the pulse sequences for the pivotal operations in the quantum search protocol. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical predictions. The generalization of the scheme to the arbitrary number of qubits has also been given.

Experimental realization of single-shot nonadiabatic holonomic gates in nuclear spins

Nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computation has received increasing attention due to its robustness against control errors. However, all the previous schemes have to use at least two sequentially implemented gates to realize a general one-qubit gate. Based on two recent reports, we construct two Hamiltonians and experimentally realized nonadiabatic holonomic gates by a single-shot implementation in a two-qubit nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） system. Two noncommuting one-qubit holonomic gates, rotating along .~ and ~ axes respectively, are implemented by evolving a work qubit and an ancillary qubit nonadiabatically following a quantum circuit designed. Using a sequence compiler developed for NMR quantum information processor, we optimize the whole pulse sequence, minimizing the total error of the implementation. Finally, all the nonadiabatic holonomic gates reach high unattenuated experimental fidelities over 98%.

Experimental quantum deletion in an NMR quantum information processor

We report an NMR experimental realization of a rapid quantum deletion algorithm that deletes marked states in an unsorted database.Unlike classical deletion,where search and deletion are equivalent,quantum deletion can be implemented with only a single query,which achieves exponential speed-up compared to the optimal classical analog.In the experimental realization,the GRAPE algorithm was used to obtain an optimized NMR pulse sequence,and the efficient method of maximum-likelihood has been used to reconstruct the experimental output state.

Overview of quantum memory protection and adiabaticity induction by fast signal control

A quantum memory or information processing device is subject to the disturbance from its surrounding environment or the inevitable leakage due to its contact with other systems. To tackle these problems, several control protocols have been proposed for quantum memory or storage. Among them, the fast signal control or dynamical decoupling based on external pulse sequences provides a prevailing strategy aimed at suppressing decoherence and preventing the target systems from the leakage or diffusion process. In this paper, we review the applications of this protocol in protecting quantum memory under the non-Markovian dissipative noise and maintaining systems on finite speed adiabatic passages without leakage therefrom. We analyze perturbative and nonperturbative dynamical equations for leakage and control, including second-order master equation, quantum-state-diffusion equation, and one-component master equation derived from Feshbach PQ-partitioning technique. It turns out that the quality of fast-modulated signal control is insensitive to configurations of the applied pulse sequences. Specifically, decoherence and leakage will be greatly suppressed as long as the control sequence is able to effectively shift the system beyond the bath cutoff frequency, almost independent of the details of the control sequences that could be ideal pulses, regular rectangular pulses, random pulses and even noisy pulses.

Research on pulse edge extraction by using nonlinear optical fiber-loop mirror

The output characteristics of nonlinear optical fiber-loop mirror are analyzed in detail when the pump pulses with the same wavelength are input in the both directions for recovering the clock component of the signal spectrum.It is found that the double output pulses are produced in the transmission port of the nonlinear optical fiber-loop mirror.The output pulse peaks are located in time domain at the rising and falling edges of the pump pulses.It is demonstrated that the rising and falling edges of the pump pulse can be directly extracted by this method.Through numerical simulation,the effects of therelative delay of pump pulses and the dispersion of fiber on the characteristics of output pulses are studied.By spectrum analysis,it is found that the spectrum of output pulse sequence includes the clock components of the pump pulse sequence,and a new idea is provided for all-optical clock extraction.

Orbit determination using incremental phase and TDOA of X-ray pulsar

X-ray pulsars offer stable, periodic X-ray pulse sequences that can be used in spacecraft positioning systems. A method using X-ray pulsars to determine the initial orbit of a satellite is presented in this paper. This method suggests only one detector to be equipped on the satellite and assumes that the detector observes three pulsars in turn. To improve the performance, the use of incremental phase in one observation duration is proposed, and the incremental phase is combined with the time difference of arrival(TDOA). Then, a weighted least squares(WLS) algorithm is formulated to calculate the initial orbit. Numerical simulations are performed to assess the proposed orbit determination method.

A sequence pulse counting method for shape measurement in dual-beam speckle interferometry

A temporal approach to fast shape measurement is presented.In principle,the rotational object method is used in combination with the sequence pulse counting method (SPCM) to determine the height of the object through calculating the related phase.Two specimens are tested to demonstrate the validity of the approach.One is an object covered by a Chinese character (tea) with a height variety of 0.3 mm,and the other is an object surface with a relatively large fluctuation of 3.5 mm.The experimental results are compared with mechanical measurements.An axis shifting method is also proposed to determine shapes with relatively large fluctuations.Effects of such parameters on the height measurement as incident angle of the dual light beams,tilting angle of the object,and azimuth angle of the measured point are discussed as well.

Timing noise study of four pulsars

Analyzing up to ten years of pulsar timing data observed by the 25-m Nanshan telescope at Urumqi, China, we studied power spectra of timing residuals for four pulsars based on orthogonal polynomials. Our work reveals that an index of -4 is consistent with a power law model and reveals random walk noise in the rotating frequency. Stability with A8 is investigated and found to be consistent with previous results. A new method called the morphology filter is applied to denoise the pulsar timing residuals and to perform further spectrum analysis. The spectra obtained with this method are improved in accuracy compared with those from timing residuals of pulsars directly.

PERIODIC BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS FOR IMPULSIVE INTEGRO-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS OF MIXED TYPE IN BANACH SPACES

This paper investigates periodic boundary value problem for first order nonlinear impulsive integro-differelltial equations of mixed type in a Banach space. By establishing a comparison result, criteria on the existence of maximal and minimal solutions are obtained.