冠脉支架置入术与冠脉搭桥术治疗严重冠心病的对比研究——SYNTAX研究

1文献来源 Serruys PW, Morice MC, Kappetein AP, et al.Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronaryartery bypass grafting for severe coronary artery disease [J]. N Engl J Med, 2009,360 （10） ：961 - 972.

Retrospective analysis of exercise capacity in patients with coronary artery disease after percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft

Objectives:To describe the current state of exercise capacity as well as to identify its predictors in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) in the mainland of China.Methods:A retrospective study design was employed.We evaluated 230 CAD patients following PCI or CABG in a cardiac rehabilitation center from January 2019 to October 2019.The patients were referred to undergo incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing with a cycle ergometer.The Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale were used to evaluate patients' mental health.Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test,Fisher's exact test,t-test,Mann-Whitney U test,and binary logistic regression.Results:Among the 230 patients,223 patients demonstrated reduced exercise capacity.Resutlts of the logistic regression analysis showed that anxiety (OR =1.13,95% CI 1.01-1.32,P =0.029) was an independent risk factor for reduced exercise capacity in patients following the PCI or CABG.Conclusions:Exercise capacity of Chinese CAD patients after PCI or CABG was relatively poor.Alleviating symptoms of anxiety and making exercise prescriptions according to the results of the cardiopulmonary exercise test should be considered during the intervention to improve CAD patients' exercise capacity.

Evaluation of orthotopic liver transplantation with no veno-venous bypass

Objective: To assess the feasibility and outcome of orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT) with no veno-venous bypass(v-v bypass) in adult patients. Methods: Between 1999 and 2001, 43 adult patients underwent OLT with v-v bypass, 33 with no v-v bypass. The operation time, anhepatic time, amount of blood loss, amount of blood transfusion, ICU stay days of the two groups were compared; renal function and gastrointestinal function in the two groups were examined. Results: There was no significant difference in mean serum creatinine on day 3 and gas discharge time in patients with v-v bypass or not. With no v-v bypass , the average operation time was 5.7±1.3 hours, anhepatic time was 64±13 minutes, median amount of blood loss in operation was 4000±820 mL, median amount of blood transfused intraoperatively was 4650±910 mL, median ICU stay was 5.7 days; all those were lower or shorter than those with v-v bypass; and these differences between the two groups had statistical significances. Conclusion: OLT with no v-v bypass is safe and can be performed in the majority of adult patients. The practice of liver transplantation with no v-v bypass is associated with shorter total operation time, shorter anhepatic time, lower blood product usage, and shorter ICU stay compared with standard technique of OLT with routine use of v-v bypass.

Redo Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: On-Pump and Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Revascularization Techniques

Objective To analyze the short-term outcomes of redo coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) using on-pump and off-pump CABG techniques. Methods From January 2003 to August 2013, non-randomized 80 patients were treated with redo CABG in the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital. Among these patients, 40 underwent on-pump CABG technique(redo-ONCAB group) and 40 underwent off-pump CABG technique(redo-OPCAB group). Furthermore, transmyocardial laser revascularization was performed in high-risk patients who were not suitable to conventional grafting. Clinical data of the two groups were recorded and analyzed including operation time, coronary grafts, incomplete revascularization, postoperative ventilation, perioperative stroke, and low output syndrome, etc. Results There were no significantly differences in age, gender distribution, incidences of hypertension, stroke, and other clinical characteristics between redo-OPCAB group and redo-ONCAB group(all P>0.05), except for incidences of renal dysfunction and pulmonary disease(all P<0.05). The number of grafting vessels in the redo-ONCAB and redo-OPCAB groups was 2.1 ± 0.74 and 1.4 ±0.52 respectively. There was significant difference between the two groups(P=0.0243). Compared with the redo-ONCAB group, there was shorter operation time(P=0.0045), postoperative ventilation(P=0.0211) and intensive care unit stay(P=0.0400), as well as fewer use of platelet(P=0.0338) and blood transfusion(P=0.0034) in the redo-OPCAB group. The incidence of incomplete revascularization(P=0.0253) and the use of transmyocardial laser revascularization(P=0.0052) were higher in the redo-OPCAB group than those in the redo-ONCAB group(all P<0.05). However, no significant differences were showed for the incidence of the use of intra aortic balloon pump and continuous renal replacement therapy, perioperative stroke, low output syndrome, and in-hospital mortality between the two groups(all P>0.05). Conclusion Redo CABG is the safety and efficacy surgical procedure, and redo-OPCAB technique with better outcomes is commended especially in high-risk patients.

MR IMAGING OF CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT:A PRELIMINARY STUDY

Objective. To make a preliminary investigation of the patency and function of coronary artery bypass grafts(CABG) by magnetic resonance(MR) images and to establish a suitable method for followup study after CABG operation among Chinese. Methods. MR imaging was performed with a Toshiba 15T unit in 27 patients with 74 grafts. All patients were examined with a breathhold ECGgated twodimensional fast field echo (FFE) sequence to evaluate the patency of bypass grafts, among them 16 patients with 42 grafts were further examined with a phase shift magnetic resonance angiography flow (PSMRAflow) sequence to evaluate the grafts patency as well as the flow velocity and flow volume vs. time. Results. The results showed that 66 of the 74 grafts in the patients of the present series studied with FFE were patent with a patency rate of 892% The results evaluated both with FFE and PSMRAflow remained the same except that two grafts were patent with FFE and the results with PSMRAflow were uncertain. Diastolic perfusion pattern curves were found in 25 of the 32 grafts in patients of the present series. Comparing the flow curves of the grafted left internal mammary artery with those of the native right internal mammary artery in 7 patients, the systolic peak velocity value(SPV) of the grafted arteries was significantly lower than that of the ungrafted ones, whereas the diastolic peak velocity value(DPV) and the ratio of DPV to SPV were significantly greater than that of the ungrafed ones. Conclusion. The FFE and PSMRAflow sequences were efficient in evaluating patency and obtaining the curves of flow velocity and volume of the bypass grafts. Therefore, they may offer a noninvasive screening method for followup study in patients after CABG surgery, although its accuracy should be further evaluated in more patients and comparatively studied with other methods.

ANGIOGRAPHIC STUDY ON THE PATENCY OF SINGLE VERSUS SEQUENTIAL VENOUS GRAFT BEFORE REDO CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS SURGERY

Objective:To compare the long-term patency and longevity of the single and sequential ve-nous graft.Methods:The coronary arterial angiographic data for 300 redo coronary bypass grafting(CABG) were collected.Among them 106 cases had both single(159) and sequential(118) grafts.Results:The oc-clusive and narrowness rate for the single grafts versus sequential grafts were:1 year,2% vs 2%;5 years,3% vs 4%;10years,18% vs 19%;15 years,60% vs 68%;and 23 years,76% vs 81% ,respectively.The differences were not significant in general.Conclusion:Sequential anastomosis itself does not has any adverse affects on short-term and long-term patency of the venous graft and its longevity in CABG operations in general.

ANALYSIS OF 312 CASES OF REPEAT CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING

Objective To evaluate repeat coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in 312 patients. Methods The data of 312 patients (average age 65±9 years) who had CABG operation in Hartford hospital were collected and analyzed. The mean duration follow up after the first CABG was 11.8±4.5 years. A total of 1069 bypass grafts were performed. Among them, 386 were arterial grafts such as internal mammary artery, radial artery and gastroepiploic artery; 682 were venous grafts and 1 Gore-Tex graft. Results The operative mortality was 4.5%. Fifteen patients ( 4.8%) had peri-operative myocardial infarction and 46 patients (15%) had low cardiac output syndrome. Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) was used in 131 patients before, during and after operation. One hundred and nineteen patients weaned off IABP and recovered. Conclusion Although the difficulties and risk factors were increased, the results of redo CABG were still good.

Coronary bypass revascularization with radial artery and internal mammary artery grafts

Objective To evaluate radial artery (RA) and internal mammary artery (IMA) grafts in coronary artery bypass and the use of color Doppler ultrasound in the peri-operative evaluation of IMA and radial-ulnar collateral circulation.Methods From June 1998 to June 2000, sixty cases of coronary bypass revascularization with RA and IMA were performed. Preoperatively, the radial-ulnar collateral circulation was evaluated with the modified Allen’s test, color Doppler ultrasound and noninvasive oxygen saturation measurement. The IMA lumen and blood flow were measured at the first intercostal space with color Doppler ultrasound preoperatively and postoperatively.Results One patient (1.7%) died of serious cardiac arrhythmia on the fourth postoperative day. There were no arterial graft harvest related complications. Before harvesting, the ulnar artery blood flow was 30.78±9.71?ml/min, and it increased to 43.36±13.98?ml/min (40.87% increase, P【0.01) after the operation. Compared with the baseline, there was no obvious change of IMA blood flow postoperatively (P】0.05), but the systolic/diastolic flow ratio markedly decreased from 8.57±3.98?ml/min to 3.41±4.87?ml/min (P【0.01).Conclusions Arterial grafts can be safely used for coronary bypass revascularization with good results. The ulnar artery blood flow can increase compensatively after RA harvesting. The diastolic blood flow of grafted IMA markedly increased postoperatively. Color Doppler ultrasound was very helpful both in evaluating the radial-ulnar collateral circulation before RA harvesting and in assessing the patency of the grafted IMA after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Predictors of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass graft surgery

OBJECTIVE: To identify the clinical predictors of atrial fibrillation (AF) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). METHODS: 322 consecutive patients who had undergone isolated CABG were reviewed. Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative data were collected. Patients were grouped according to whether AF appeared postoperatively. RESULTS: AF occurred in 75 patients (23.3%). Most cases of AF (85.6%) appeared on or before the third postoperative day. The mean age for patients with AF was 62.5 years compared with 56.7 years for patients without AF (P or = 65 years (OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.5 to 5.1), lesions in the right coronary artery (OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.4 to 4.5), and early postoperative withdrawal of beta blocker (OR 3.9; 95% CI 2.1 to 7.7). CONCLUSIONS: AF remains the most common complication after CABG. Age and lesions in the right coronary artery can influence the incidence of AF, and beta blocker and magnesium may be the most economical and effective prevention for AF early after CABG.