Background: Visceral hypersensitivity has been evidenced in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) but its mechanisms remain poorly elucidated. We investigated the spinal transmission of nociceptive signals in I...Background: Visceral hypersensitivity has been evidenced in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) but its mechanisms remain poorly elucidated. We investigated the spinal transmission of nociceptive signals in IBS patients by analysing the effects of rectal distensions on electromyographic recordings of the somatic nociceptive flexion (RIII) reflex, an objective index of spinal nociceptive processes. Methods: Fourteen IBS and 10 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Slow ramp (40 ml/min) and rapid phasic (900 ml/min, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mm Hg) rectal distensions were randomly performed while the RIII reflex evoked by electrical stimulation of the sural nerve at the ankle was continuously recorded from the ipsilateral biceps femoris. Results: In healthy volunteers, significant progressive inhibition of the RIII reflex was observed during slow ramp distension (61 (13)%of control values) while biphasic effects (facilitation and inhibition) were observed during rapid distensions. In contrast, in IBS patients, the RIII reflex was significantly facilitated during slow ramp distension (139 (15)%of control values) and inhibitions induced by rapid distensions were significantly reduced. Volumes of distension and rectal compliance were similar in both groups. Conclusions: Our results provide direct evidence that a hyperexcitability of spinal nociceptive processes is present in a large subgroup of IBS patients.展开更多
Objective To investigate the role of activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 （ERK1/2） in spinal cord in the development of cystic pain in rabbit. Methods We observed the relationship between the activati...Objective To investigate the role of activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 （ERK1/2） in spinal cord in the development of cystic pain in rabbit. Methods We observed the relationship between the activation of ERK1/2 in spinal cord and nociceptive behaviors, as well as the effect of U0126, a mitogen-activated protein kinase （MEK, upstream protein of ERK1/2） inhibitor, on cystic pain in rabbits by behavioral test, immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Results After injecting 0.5 ml formalin into gallbladder, the behaviors such as grasping of the cheek and licking of the abdomen increased in 30 min, with a significant increase in pERK1/2 expression in the spinal cord, as well as the pERK1/ 2 immunoreactive cells located in laminae Ⅴ-Ⅶ and X of the dorsal horn and ventral horn of T6 spinal cord. Administration of U0126 （100 -400 μg/kg body weight, i.v., 10 min before instillation of formalin） could attenuated nociceptive behaviors dose-dependently, but could not restrain the nociceptive behaviors completely even at the maximal efficient dose of 400 μg/kg body weight. Conclusion Activated ERK1/2 in the spinal cord at least partly participates in the development of acute inflammatory cystic pain induced by formalin in rabbits.展开更多
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD)is an inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system predominantly targeting optic nerves and the spinal cord.The prevalence of the disease is much higher in Asia than...Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD)is an inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system predominantly targeting optic nerves and the spinal cord.The prevalence of the disease is much higher in Asia than in other parts of the world.Pain can be detected in more than 80%of NMOSD patients,with evoked pain mostly being caused by painful tonic muscle spasms and neuropathic pain as the most characteristic types.Depression is often comorbid with pain,and their comorbidity can severely influence quality of life.In recent years,studies have found considerable overlaps between the mechanisms of pain and depression;however,their association remains unclear.This article reviews the epidemiology,mechanism,evaluation and treatment of paindepression comorbidity in NMOSD patients.展开更多
Cancer pain is one of the most common symptoms in patients with advanced cancer.In this study,we aimed to investigate the effects of the Mas-related gene C(MrgC)receptors on bone cancer pain.Mechanical withdrawal thre...Cancer pain is one of the most common symptoms in patients with advanced cancer.In this study,we aimed to investigate the effects of the Mas-related gene C(MrgC)receptors on bone cancer pain.Mechanical withdrawal threshold(MWT)and thermal withdrawal latency(TWL)were measured after the inoculation of Walker 256 mammary gland carcinoma cells into the tibia of adult Sprague-Dawley rats.The effects of MrgC receptor agonist bovine adrenal medulla 8-22(BAM8-22)on nociceptive behaviors were investigated after intrathecal injection on days 16 and 17.Glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)-positive cells in the spinal dorsal cord,and calcitonin gene related peptide(CGRP)-,neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS)-and IL-1β-positive neurons in the dorsal root ganglia(DRG)were examined by immunofluorescence staining.The expression of nNOS and IL-1βproteins in the spinal dorsal horn and the DRG was examined by Western blotting after treatment with(Tyr6)-γ2-MSH-6-12(MSH),which was another MrgC receptor agonist.The results showed that intrathecal injection of BAM8-22(30 nmol)attenuated mechanical allodynia in a rat model of bone cancer pain and the effects could last for about 60 min,and single administration of BAM8-22 for two consecutive days reduced mechanical allodynia by about half on the third day.Moreover,the number of GFAP-positive cells in the spinal dorsal horn,and the number of CGRP-,nNOS-and IL-1β-positive neurons in the DRG were decreased.Similarly,intrathecal administration of MSH(15 nmol)reduced the expression of nNOS and IL-1βin the spinal dorsal horn and the DRG.In conclusion,activation of MrgC receptors suppresses the activation of astrocytes in the spinal dorsal cord and the expression of CGRP,nNOS,and IL-1βin the spinal dorsal cord and/or DRG,which may underlie the inhibition of bone cancer pain.These findings provide a novel strategy for the treatment of bone cancer pain.展开更多
Objective To investigate whether the kainate （KA） receptor subunit GluR6 is involved in the acute inflammatory pain. Methods Formalin was injected into the mucosa of rectum in Sprague-Dawley rats to induce visceral ...Objective To investigate whether the kainate （KA） receptor subunit GluR6 is involved in the acute inflammatory pain. Methods Formalin was injected into the mucosa of rectum in Sprague-Dawley rats to induce visceral pain. The antisense oligodeoxynucleotides （ODNs） of GluR6 were injected once per day for 3 d before formalin injection, after which GluR6 protein level was examined by immunoblotting method. The change of visceral pain was also investigated. Results The expression of GluR6 in the spinal cord of rats increased after the formalin injection. Moreover, pre-treatment of GluR6 antisense ODNs could suppress GluR6 expression in the spinal cord of rats and decrease the scores of visceral pain at 45 min following formalin injection. Conclusion Kainate receptor subunit GluR6 plays an important role in the visceral pain induced by injection of formalin into the wall of rectum. GluR6 may serve as a potential target for the treatment of acute inflammatory visceral pain.展开更多
Isolated coronal fracture of medial femoral condyle with intact lateral femoral condyle is extremely rare. A high index of suspicion is necessary for early diagnosis especially in cases of undisplaced fractures. Here ...Isolated coronal fracture of medial femoral condyle with intact lateral femoral condyle is extremely rare. A high index of suspicion is necessary for early diagnosis especially in cases of undisplaced fractures. Here we report a case of medial Hoffa fracture in a post-polio limb presenting as chronic pain. Management of such fractures in limbs affected by late sequelae of poliomyelitis is particularly problematic in view of osteoporosis and osseous hypoplasia. The fracture was approached through medial parapatellar arthrotomy and fixation was done with cannulated cancellous screws in anteroposterior direction. Union was achieved at 16 weeks.展开更多
Guanyuan （CV 4） is located 3 cun below the umbilicus, on the midline of abdomen. It is the Front-Mu Point of the Small Intestine, a crossing point of Three Yin Meridians of Foot and Conception Vessel. It can warm th...Guanyuan （CV 4） is located 3 cun below the umbilicus, on the midline of abdomen. It is the Front-Mu Point of the Small Intestine, a crossing point of Three Yin Meridians of Foot and Conception Vessel. It can warm the kidney to invigorate yang, tonify the Yuan-Primordial qi, dredge and regulate Thoroughfare and Conception Vessels,展开更多
文摘Background: Visceral hypersensitivity has been evidenced in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) but its mechanisms remain poorly elucidated. We investigated the spinal transmission of nociceptive signals in IBS patients by analysing the effects of rectal distensions on electromyographic recordings of the somatic nociceptive flexion (RIII) reflex, an objective index of spinal nociceptive processes. Methods: Fourteen IBS and 10 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Slow ramp (40 ml/min) and rapid phasic (900 ml/min, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mm Hg) rectal distensions were randomly performed while the RIII reflex evoked by electrical stimulation of the sural nerve at the ankle was continuously recorded from the ipsilateral biceps femoris. Results: In healthy volunteers, significant progressive inhibition of the RIII reflex was observed during slow ramp distension (61 (13)%of control values) while biphasic effects (facilitation and inhibition) were observed during rapid distensions. In contrast, in IBS patients, the RIII reflex was significantly facilitated during slow ramp distension (139 (15)%of control values) and inhibitions induced by rapid distensions were significantly reduced. Volumes of distension and rectal compliance were similar in both groups. Conclusions: Our results provide direct evidence that a hyperexcitability of spinal nociceptive processes is present in a large subgroup of IBS patients.
文摘Objective To investigate the role of activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 （ERK1/2） in spinal cord in the development of cystic pain in rabbit. Methods We observed the relationship between the activation of ERK1/2 in spinal cord and nociceptive behaviors, as well as the effect of U0126, a mitogen-activated protein kinase （MEK, upstream protein of ERK1/2） inhibitor, on cystic pain in rabbits by behavioral test, immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Results After injecting 0.5 ml formalin into gallbladder, the behaviors such as grasping of the cheek and licking of the abdomen increased in 30 min, with a significant increase in pERK1/2 expression in the spinal cord, as well as the pERK1/ 2 immunoreactive cells located in laminae Ⅴ-Ⅶ and X of the dorsal horn and ventral horn of T6 spinal cord. Administration of U0126 （100 -400 μg/kg body weight, i.v., 10 min before instillation of formalin） could attenuated nociceptive behaviors dose-dependently, but could not restrain the nociceptive behaviors completely even at the maximal efficient dose of 400 μg/kg body weight. Conclusion Activated ERK1/2 in the spinal cord at least partly participates in the development of acute inflammatory cystic pain induced by formalin in rabbits.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(3332021015)。
文摘Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD)is an inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system predominantly targeting optic nerves and the spinal cord.The prevalence of the disease is much higher in Asia than in other parts of the world.Pain can be detected in more than 80%of NMOSD patients,with evoked pain mostly being caused by painful tonic muscle spasms and neuropathic pain as the most characteristic types.Depression is often comorbid with pain,and their comorbidity can severely influence quality of life.In recent years,studies have found considerable overlaps between the mechanisms of pain and depression;however,their association remains unclear.This article reviews the epidemiology,mechanism,evaluation and treatment of paindepression comorbidity in NMOSD patients.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31371124)the Ministry of Education's Industry-University Cooperation Collaborative Education Project(No.202101099013,201802136084).
文摘Cancer pain is one of the most common symptoms in patients with advanced cancer.In this study,we aimed to investigate the effects of the Mas-related gene C(MrgC)receptors on bone cancer pain.Mechanical withdrawal threshold(MWT)and thermal withdrawal latency(TWL)were measured after the inoculation of Walker 256 mammary gland carcinoma cells into the tibia of adult Sprague-Dawley rats.The effects of MrgC receptor agonist bovine adrenal medulla 8-22(BAM8-22)on nociceptive behaviors were investigated after intrathecal injection on days 16 and 17.Glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)-positive cells in the spinal dorsal cord,and calcitonin gene related peptide(CGRP)-,neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS)-and IL-1β-positive neurons in the dorsal root ganglia(DRG)were examined by immunofluorescence staining.The expression of nNOS and IL-1βproteins in the spinal dorsal horn and the DRG was examined by Western blotting after treatment with(Tyr6)-γ2-MSH-6-12(MSH),which was another MrgC receptor agonist.The results showed that intrathecal injection of BAM8-22(30 nmol)attenuated mechanical allodynia in a rat model of bone cancer pain and the effects could last for about 60 min,and single administration of BAM8-22 for two consecutive days reduced mechanical allodynia by about half on the third day.Moreover,the number of GFAP-positive cells in the spinal dorsal horn,and the number of CGRP-,nNOS-and IL-1β-positive neurons in the DRG were decreased.Similarly,intrathecal administration of MSH(15 nmol)reduced the expression of nNOS and IL-1βin the spinal dorsal horn and the DRG.In conclusion,activation of MrgC receptors suppresses the activation of astrocytes in the spinal dorsal cord and the expression of CGRP,nNOS,and IL-1βin the spinal dorsal cord and/or DRG,which may underlie the inhibition of bone cancer pain.These findings provide a novel strategy for the treatment of bone cancer pain.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(No:BK2004028)
文摘Objective To investigate whether the kainate （KA） receptor subunit GluR6 is involved in the acute inflammatory pain. Methods Formalin was injected into the mucosa of rectum in Sprague-Dawley rats to induce visceral pain. The antisense oligodeoxynucleotides （ODNs） of GluR6 were injected once per day for 3 d before formalin injection, after which GluR6 protein level was examined by immunoblotting method. The change of visceral pain was also investigated. Results The expression of GluR6 in the spinal cord of rats increased after the formalin injection. Moreover, pre-treatment of GluR6 antisense ODNs could suppress GluR6 expression in the spinal cord of rats and decrease the scores of visceral pain at 45 min following formalin injection. Conclusion Kainate receptor subunit GluR6 plays an important role in the visceral pain induced by injection of formalin into the wall of rectum. GluR6 may serve as a potential target for the treatment of acute inflammatory visceral pain.
文摘Isolated coronal fracture of medial femoral condyle with intact lateral femoral condyle is extremely rare. A high index of suspicion is necessary for early diagnosis especially in cases of undisplaced fractures. Here we report a case of medial Hoffa fracture in a post-polio limb presenting as chronic pain. Management of such fractures in limbs affected by late sequelae of poliomyelitis is particularly problematic in view of osteoporosis and osseous hypoplasia. The fracture was approached through medial parapatellar arthrotomy and fixation was done with cannulated cancellous screws in anteroposterior direction. Union was achieved at 16 weeks.
文摘Guanyuan （CV 4） is located 3 cun below the umbilicus, on the midline of abdomen. It is the Front-Mu Point of the Small Intestine, a crossing point of Three Yin Meridians of Foot and Conception Vessel. It can warm the kidney to invigorate yang, tonify the Yuan-Primordial qi, dredge and regulate Thoroughfare and Conception Vessels,
