天鹅内脏器官的形态结构

对天鹅内脏器官的外部形态、位置关系进行了解剖研究.天鹅舌背面有发达的角质乳头,食管在胸前部不形成嗉囊,盲肠颈明显,部分气管盘曲在龙骨崤腔内,鸣管无鸣肌,外鸣膜不与支气管连接,气囊发达,输精管不呈弯曲状.

一种新的动物体脏器官强声损伤评估方法

针对强声作用下动物内脏器官组织伤情评定主观性强、随意性大导致的不准确问题,在分析损伤器官显微病理特点的基础上,提出了基于图像纹理特征描绘子的评分方法。该方法采集损伤器官样本,提取HE染色显微图像纹理特征,应用典型特征描绘子进行归类评分,该方法较人工判定方法具有快速、客观、准确的特点,实验证明该方法的有效性。

CVVH治疗多脏器功能障碍综合征的护理体会

目的:观察连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过(CVVH)治疗多脏器功能障碍综合征(MODS)时的效果和护理措施。方法:用B.Braun Diapact CRRT机器对15例患者行CVVH治疗,观察血压、脉搏、呼吸、中心静脉压、临床检验变化。结果:经CVVH治疗,患者的急性肺水肿、脑水肿、肠黏膜水肿迅速得到控制,高血钾、酸中毒等也得到及时纠正,本组患者肾功能完全恢复正常3例,病情稳定后转血液透析治疗5例,因多脏器功能衰竭死亡3例,家属放弃治疗4例。结论:CVVH是治疗MODS的有效方法,正确的护理方法在起重要的作用。

慢性肺心病急性加重期合并多脏器衰竭的观察与护理

肺心病急性加重期并发多脏器衰竭(MOF)是内科急重病,随时可以危及病人生命.本病抢救治疗是否成功,临床观察及护理十分重要.医护人员密切配合,严密观察病情,早期发现异常征象,及时进行抢救,可望减少肺心病并MOF的死亡例数.现报告如下.

慢性氟中毒对鸡病理变化作用研究

为了探讨氟对鸡的病理变化作用研究,选用1月龄蛋公鸡36只,第Ⅰ组为正常对照组,第Ⅱ～Ⅵ组分别饮水添加氟化钠1.75g/L(1/27LD50),0.875g/L,0.438g/L,0.219g/L,0.109g/L,试验周期为90d,每组6只。结果表明,慢性氟中毒对鸡内脏器官的组织结构有明显损伤。

Detection of Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Several Internal Organ Traits and Teat Number Trait in a Pig Population

Quantitative trait loci （QTL） were detected for 8 internal organ traits, 3 carcass length traits, and teat number trait in 214 pigs in a resource population that included 180 F2 individuals. A total of 39 microsatellite markers were examined on SSC4, SSC6, SSC7, SSC8, and SSC13. The genetic traits included heart weight （HW）, lung weight （LW）, liver and gallbladder weight （LGW）, spleen weight （SPW）, stomach weight （STW）, small intestine weight （S1W）, large intestine weight （LIW）, kidney weight （KW）, carcass length to the first cervical vertebra （CL1）, carcass length to the first thoracic vertebra （CL2）, rib numbers （RNS）, and teat numbers （TNS）. Results indicated that, 3 highly significant QTL （P≤0.01 at chromosome-wise level） for HW （at 30 cM on SSC6）, RNS （at 115 cM on SSC7）, TNS （at 110 cM on SSC7）, and 6 significant QTL （P≤0.05 at chromosome-wise level） for LW （at 119 cM on SSC13）, LGW （at 94 cM on SSC6）, SPW （at 106 cM on SSC8）, SIW （0 cM on SSC4）, LIW （170 cM on SSC 4）, and TNS （at 95 cM on SSC6） were detected. The phenotypic variances for which these QTL were accounted ranged from 0.04 % to 14.06 %. Most of these QTL had not been previously reported.

围手术期高血压患者的护理

目的:探讨对围手术期高血压患者的护理方法,提高护理水平。方法:我院外科手术566例,高血压患者262例,回顾分析高血压患者的护理措施。结果:经采取一系列治疗护理措施后,262例高血压患者中246例血压下降到正常水平,效果较好。结论:围手术期对病人周密护理至关重要,在护理领域,或许没有百分之百的理想效果,但作为护理人员,需要有百分之百满意斗志,总结经验教训,是提高护理水平的必要举措。

Acupuncture inhibition on neuronal activity of spinal dorsal horn induced by noxious colorectal distention in rat

AIM: To observe how acupuncture stimulation influences the visceral nociception in rat and to clarify the interactions between acupuncture or somatic input and visceral nociceptive inputs in the spinal dorsal horn. These will provide scientific base for illustrating the mechanism of acupuncture on visceral pain.METHODS: Experiments were performed on SpragueDawley rats and the visceral nociceptive stimulus was generated by colorectal distention (CRD). Unit discharges from individual single neuron were recorded extracellularly with glass-microelectrode in L1-3 spinal dorsal horn.Acupuncture stimulation was applied at contralateral heterotopic acupoint and ipsilateral homotopic acupoint,both of which were innervated by the same segments that innervate also the colorectal-gut.RESULTS: The visceral nociception could be inhibited at the spinal level by the heterotopic somatic mechanical stimulation and acupuncture. The maximal inhibition was induced by acupuncture or the somatic noxious stimulation at spinal dorsal horn level with inhibiting rate of 68.61%and 60.79%, respectively (P＜0.01 and ＜0.001). In reversible spinalized rats (cervical-thoracic cold block)both spontaneous activity and responses to CRD increased significantly in 16/20 units examined, indicating the existence of tonic descending inhibition. The inhibition of acupuncture on the noxious CRD disappeared totally in the reversible spinalized rats (P＜0.001).CONCLUSION: The inputs of noxious CRD and acupuncture may interact at the spinal level. The nociceptive visceral inputs could be inhibited by acupuncture applied to hetero-topic acupoint. The effect indicates that the spinal dorsal horn plays a significant role in mediating the inhibition of acupuncture and somatic stimulation on the neuronal response to the noxious visceral stimulation and the inhibition is modulated by upper cervical cord and/or supra-spinal center.

Effects of three fluid resuscitation methods on apoptosis of visceral organs in rats with hemorrhagic shock

Objective: To observe the effects of three fluid resuscitation methods on apoptosis of visceral organs in rats with hemorrhagic shock. Methods: A model of rat with severe hemorrhagic shock and active bleeding was established in 32 SD (Sprague-Dawley) rats. The rats were randomly divided into control group, no fluid resuscitation group (NF group), controlled fluid resuscitation group (NS40 group) and rapid large scale fluid resuscitation group (NS80 group). Each group contained 8 rats. The curative effects were compared. At the same time, the apoptosis in liver, kidney, lung and small intestinal mucosa of survivors after hemorrhage and resuscitation was detected by light microscopy in HE (hematoxylin and eosin) stained tissue sections, flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL). Results: The survival rate of early fluid resuscitation (14/16) was markedly higher than that of NF group (3/8). There was some apoptosis in liver, kidney, lung and small intestinal mucosa of all survivors. Compared with NF and NS40 groups, the apoptosis of liver, kidney and small intestinal mucosa of NS80 group was obviously increased. Conclusions: Among three fluid resuscitation methods, controlled fluid resuscitation can obviously improve the early survival rate and the apoptosis of liver, kidney and small intestinal mucosa in rats with severe and uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock, and may benefit improvement of prognosis.

Alverine citrate induced acute hepatitis

Alverine dtrate is a commonly used smooth muscle relaxant agent.A MEDLINE search on January 2004 revealed only 1 report implicating the hepatotoxicity of this agent.A 34- year-old woman was investigated because of the finding of elevated liver function tests on biochemical screening.Other etiologies of hepatitis were appropriately ruled out and elevated enzymes were ascribed to alverine citrate treatment. Although alverine citrate hepatotoxicity was related to an immune mechanism in the first case,several features such as absence of predictable dose-dependent toxicity of alverine citrate in a previous study and absence of hypersensitivity manifestations in our patient are suggestive of a metabolic type of idiosyncratic toxicity.

Effects of different periods of renal ischemia on liver as a remote organ

AIM:To assess the hepatic changes after induction of different periods of renal ischemia. METHODS:Rats were subjected to either sham operation or ischemia (30,45 and 60 min) followed by 60 min reperfusion. Liver and renal functional indices were measured. Hepatic glutathione (GSH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power levels and the concentration of interleukin (IL)-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) were evaluated. Portions of liver and kidney tissues were fixed for histological evaluation. RESULTS:Forty-five minutes renal ischemia followed by 60 min reperfusion caused significant changes in liver structure and a significant reduction in renalfunction. These rats showed a significant decrease in liver GSH,as well as a significant increase in TNF-α and IL-10 concentrations. These results demonstrated that renal ischemia caused changes in liver histology,function,oxidative stress and inflammatory status,which led to a reduction in hepatic antioxidant capacity. With 30 min ischemia,the magnitude of these changes was less than those with 45 or 60 min ischemia.CONCLUSION:A minimum of 45 min ischemia is needed to study the effects of renal injury on the liver as a remote organ.

Liver bioengineering:Current status and future perspectives

The present review aims to illustrate the strategies that are being implemented to regenerate or bioengineer livers for clinical purposes.There are two general pathways to liver bioengineering and regeneration.The first consists of creating a supporting scaffold,either synthetically or by decellularization of human or animal organs,and seeding cells on the scaffold,where they will mature either in bioreactors or in vivo.This strategy seems to offer the quickest route to clinical translation,as demonstrated by the development of liver organoids from rodent livers which were repopulated with organ specific cells of animal and/or human origin.Liver bioengineering has potential for transplantation and for toxicity testing during preclinical drug development.The second possibility is to induce liver regeneration of dead or resected tissue by manipulating cell pathways.In fact,it is well known that the liver has peculiar regenerative potential which allows hepatocyte hyperplasia after amputation of liver volume.Infusion of autologous bone marrow cells,which aids in liver regeneration,into patients was shown to be safe and to improve their clinical condition,but the specific cells responsible for liver regeneration have not yet been determined and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown.A complete understanding of the cell pathways and dynamics and of the functioning of liver stem cell niche is necessary for the clinical translation of regenerative medicine strategies.As well,it will be crucial to elucidate the mechanisms through which cells interact with the extracellular matrix,and how this latter supports and drives cell fate.

Design of a New Multifunctional Wheelchair-bed

Currently, the aging of the population has become the world＇s social problem. With the increase of aging population and lots of disability, paralysis makes nursing care more difficult. Because of many elderly cannot get timely care, the phenomenon that the elderly have chronic diseases has become more and more serious. It is important to research and develop a new product which can help the elderly and the disabled for improving the quality of their life. This paper suggests a new type of mnltifunctional self-caring wheelchair-bed, which is combined with a wheelchair and a bed. The bed can realize the free conversion among user sitting, leg lifting and lying down, and also can implement the function of turning on sides. Particularly, the wheelchair can be easily separated from the bed and combined, so that patients and the elderly can move freely using it, and even it can be transformed into a standing type to satisfy the patient＇s standing demand, and to a certain extent, carry out the purpose of rehabilitation.

NH_2 Ion Implantations Induced Superior Cell Attachment of Carbon Nanotubes

Objective： Cell and platelet attachment on the multiwalled carbon nanotubes （MWCNTs） were studied by ion implantation. Methods： NH2 ion implantation was performed at the energy of 30 keV with the fluence of 1 x 1016 ions/era2 at room temperature. Results： The cell attachment tests showed interesting results in that the number of the platclets adhering on the surface of the MWCNTs was reduced significantly after NH2 ion implantation, whereas, mouse fibroblast cells （L929） cultured on NH2 ion implanted MWCNTs displayed higher cell-viability, proliferation, and stretching compared with MWCNTs. Conclusion： No appreciable change in the tensile strength and the optical transmittance of the implanted samples was observed. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） analysis showed that NH2 ion implantation caused the formation of new N-containing groups.

Effect of Inflow and Outflow Angles on the Computational Hemodynamics in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

To help the clinical screening and diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA), we evaluated the effect of inflow angle (IA) and outflow bifurcation angle(BA) on the distribution of blood flow and wall shear stress(WSS) in an idealized AAA model. A 2D incompressible Newtonian flow is assumed and the computational simulation is performed using finite volume method. The results showed that the largest WSS often located at the proximal and the distal end of the AAA. An increase in IA resulted in an increase in maximum WSS. We also found that WSS was maximal when BA was 90°. IA and BA are two important geometrical factors, they may help AAA risk assessment along with the commonly used AAA diameter.

Effect of Osteocytes Subjected to Fluid Flow on Osteoblasts

Osteocytes act as mechanosensors in bone, which can send mechanical signals directly to osteoblasts through gap junctions. However, under physiological conditions the number of gap junctions is limited because of the quantity variance of the two kinds of cells. In this study, the possibility of indirect interaction between these two cells was investigated. A new flow champer was designed in which osteocytes and osteoblasts were cocultured in two champers separately. 0steocytes were exposed to fluid flow and then the ALP activity, osteocalcin and osteopotin of osteoblasts were determined. The results showed that either ALP activity or production of osteocalcin and osteopotin in osteoblasts that were cocuhured with sheared osteocytes increased, which indicated that osteocytes could regulate osteoblasts indirectly through some soluble factors.

Optimization of Cross-section of Stent Wire in Trapezoidal Shape for the Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysm

Grant sponsor： National Natural Science Foundation of China; grant number： 10972016 and 81171107; grant sponsor： Natural Science Foundation of Beijiug; grant number： 3092004

Design of a Novel Waterproof Electronic Sphygmomanometer

A novel waterproof electronic sphygmomanometer is presented in this paper, the special design of sealing structure is used in this sphygmomanometer that allows the system to function normally in water. The system also adopts the rigid air cylinder as air source to ensure accurate detection and chooses the MP3VS050 piezoresistive transducer to ensure the measurement precision of the systolic and diastolic pressure. TI＇s MSP430FC,437 is used as the central processor so that the system can be of advantages of low-power, fast digital processing and high-reliability. The sphygmomanometer was validated by three groups of participants. The experimental data indicates that the measured values of this waterproof electronic sphygmomanometer are consistent with the results of common electric sphygmomanometer, the measure error is less than 5 mmHg, and the system is stable and credible. So the waterproof electronic sphygmomanometer can realize real-time monitoring of blood pressure and heart rate in the water and other special environment.

The in vivo 3D Optic Nerve Head Modeling Based on Human Multimodality Images

Introduction： The human optic nerve head （ONH） is vulnerable to the damage in glaucomatous high intraocular pressure （IOP）. In order to analyze the human ONH head stress and deformation in high IOP, an in vivo three-dimensional （3D） ONH model was reconstructed by optical coherence tomography （OCT） images and magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） images. Materials and Methods： A human eye was scanned by MRI and OCT in serial imaging protocol. The sclera and ONH were segmented from the images, and 3D models were reconstructed by multimodality image registration. Through the morphological segmentation, part of lamina cribrosa （LC） was acquired and reconstructed in combination with the ONH and sclera. Results： The models of ONH and sclera were got, the part of LC was included in the model. In the analysis of FEM, the ONH was compressed and the cup/disk ratio was changed obviously in high glaucomatous IOP. Discussion： This study described a method to build a 3D in vivo ONH model by image processing. It can be used in biomechanieal analysis, and provide the stress state of ONH for the research about the fundus damage of glaucoma.