Objective Early researches found that different heartbeat perceivers have different heartbeat evoked potential （HEP）waves.Two tasks were considered in our experiments to get more details about the differences betwee...Objective Early researches found that different heartbeat perceivers have different heartbeat evoked potential （HEP）waves.Two tasks were considered in our experiments to get more details about the differences between good and poor heartbeat perceivers at attention and resting state.Methods Thirty channels of electroencephalogram（EEG）were recorded in 22 subjects,who had been subdivided into good and poor heartbeat perceivers by mental tracking task. Principal component analysis（PCA）was applied to remove cardiac field artifact（CFA）from the HEP.Results（1）The good heart-beat perceivers showed difference between attention and resting state in the windows from 250 ms to 450 ms after R wave at C3 location and from 100 ms to 300 ms after R wave at C4 location;（2）The difference waveforms between good and poor heartbeat perceivers was a positive waveform at FZ from 220 ms to 340 ms after R wave,which was more significant in attention state.Conclusion Attention state had more effect on the HEPs of good heartbeat perceivers than that of poor heartbeat perceivers;and perception ability influenced HEPs more strongly in the attention state than in the resting state.展开更多
Different areas of cognitive science traditionally perceived the mind as an abstract information processing entity, whose interactions with the outside world should be of small or no relevance at all. However, a recen...Different areas of cognitive science traditionally perceived the mind as an abstract information processing entity, whose interactions with the outside world should be of small or no relevance at all. However, a recent embodied cognition perspective, view cognitive processes as deeply embedded into the body＇s interactions with the world. In support of such contention, lots of empirical evidence has been brought and thusly different claims proposed. In this paper, we present the computer based neurocognitive task of sustained attention which is a dual task with many characteristics that obviously mirror some of the above claims. In this regard, we take into consideration both on-line and off-line aspects of the embodied cognition and point out how processing efficiency and attentional functioning are crucial vehicles in bringing perception into effective action （embodied cognition）. Furthermore, there is plenty of evidence about the bidirectional relationship between the attentional/cognitive functioning and emotion regulation as well. This rises new possibilities in looking at the cognitive bias modification approaches and brain-cognitive training procedures for human beings without perceiving them as disembodied minds or complex machines but instead proactive and physically involved in the real world. We argue that such cognitive training approaches even though at first glance seemed as mere technical and machine oriented procedures, should be regarded as humanistic in its nature which perfectly mirror the Merleau-Ponty＇s concept of ＂embodied subjectivity.＂ Finally, we explain how such approaches can be successfully combined with the neurobiological accounts and effectively implemented into clinical practice （self-regulation, self-directed neuroplasticity, effortful control, behavior change）.展开更多
Network structures and human behaviors are considered as two important factors in virus defense currently. However, due to ignorance of network security, normal users usually take simple activities, such as reinstalli...Network structures and human behaviors are considered as two important factors in virus defense currently. However, due to ignorance of network security, normal users usually take simple activities, such as reinstalling computer system, or using the computer recovery system to clear virus. How system recovery influences virus spreading is not taken into consideration currently. In this paper, a new virus propagation model considering the system recovery is proposed first, and then in its steady-state analysis, the virus propagation steady time and steady states are deduced. Experiment results show that models considering system recovery can effectively restrain virus propagation. Furthermore, algorithm with system recovery in BA scale-free network is proposed. Simulation result turns out that target immunization strategy with system recovery works better than traditional ones in BA network.展开更多
In the acoustic world, no sounds occur entirely in isolation; they always reach the ears in combination with other sounds. How any given sound is discriminated and perceived as an independent auditory object is a chal...In the acoustic world, no sounds occur entirely in isolation; they always reach the ears in combination with other sounds. How any given sound is discriminated and perceived as an independent auditory object is a challenging question in neu- roscience. Although our knowledge of neural processing in the auditory pathway has expanded over the years, no good theory ex- ists to explain how perception of auditory objects is achieved. A growing body of evidence suggests that the selectivity of neurons in the auditory forebrain is under dynamic modulation, and this plasticity may contribute to auditory object perception. We propose that stimulus-specific adaptation in the auditory forebrain of the songbird （and perhaps in other systems） may play an important role in modulating sensitivity in a way that aids discrimination, and thus can potentially contribute to auditory object perception.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China（No.30400105）；the National Basic Research Development Program（973）（No. 2003CB716106）；the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China（No.30525030）.
文摘Objective Early researches found that different heartbeat perceivers have different heartbeat evoked potential （HEP）waves.Two tasks were considered in our experiments to get more details about the differences between good and poor heartbeat perceivers at attention and resting state.Methods Thirty channels of electroencephalogram（EEG）were recorded in 22 subjects,who had been subdivided into good and poor heartbeat perceivers by mental tracking task. Principal component analysis（PCA）was applied to remove cardiac field artifact（CFA）from the HEP.Results（1）The good heart-beat perceivers showed difference between attention and resting state in the windows from 250 ms to 450 ms after R wave at C3 location and from 100 ms to 300 ms after R wave at C4 location;（2）The difference waveforms between good and poor heartbeat perceivers was a positive waveform at FZ from 220 ms to 340 ms after R wave,which was more significant in attention state.Conclusion Attention state had more effect on the HEPs of good heartbeat perceivers than that of poor heartbeat perceivers;and perception ability influenced HEPs more strongly in the attention state than in the resting state.
文摘Different areas of cognitive science traditionally perceived the mind as an abstract information processing entity, whose interactions with the outside world should be of small or no relevance at all. However, a recent embodied cognition perspective, view cognitive processes as deeply embedded into the body＇s interactions with the world. In support of such contention, lots of empirical evidence has been brought and thusly different claims proposed. In this paper, we present the computer based neurocognitive task of sustained attention which is a dual task with many characteristics that obviously mirror some of the above claims. In this regard, we take into consideration both on-line and off-line aspects of the embodied cognition and point out how processing efficiency and attentional functioning are crucial vehicles in bringing perception into effective action （embodied cognition）. Furthermore, there is plenty of evidence about the bidirectional relationship between the attentional/cognitive functioning and emotion regulation as well. This rises new possibilities in looking at the cognitive bias modification approaches and brain-cognitive training procedures for human beings without perceiving them as disembodied minds or complex machines but instead proactive and physically involved in the real world. We argue that such cognitive training approaches even though at first glance seemed as mere technical and machine oriented procedures, should be regarded as humanistic in its nature which perfectly mirror the Merleau-Ponty＇s concept of ＂embodied subjectivity.＂ Finally, we explain how such approaches can be successfully combined with the neurobiological accounts and effectively implemented into clinical practice （self-regulation, self-directed neuroplasticity, effortful control, behavior change）.
基金supported by China NSF(61572222, 61272405, 61272033, 61272451, 61472121)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the open research fund of Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Data StorageTransmission Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University(No. 201301)
文摘Network structures and human behaviors are considered as two important factors in virus defense currently. However, due to ignorance of network security, normal users usually take simple activities, such as reinstalling computer system, or using the computer recovery system to clear virus. How system recovery influences virus spreading is not taken into consideration currently. In this paper, a new virus propagation model considering the system recovery is proposed first, and then in its steady-state analysis, the virus propagation steady time and steady states are deduced. Experiment results show that models considering system recovery can effectively restrain virus propagation. Furthermore, algorithm with system recovery in BA scale-free network is proposed. Simulation result turns out that target immunization strategy with system recovery works better than traditional ones in BA network.
文摘In the acoustic world, no sounds occur entirely in isolation; they always reach the ears in combination with other sounds. How any given sound is discriminated and perceived as an independent auditory object is a challenging question in neu- roscience. Although our knowledge of neural processing in the auditory pathway has expanded over the years, no good theory ex- ists to explain how perception of auditory objects is achieved. A growing body of evidence suggests that the selectivity of neurons in the auditory forebrain is under dynamic modulation, and this plasticity may contribute to auditory object perception. We propose that stimulus-specific adaptation in the auditory forebrain of the songbird （and perhaps in other systems） may play an important role in modulating sensitivity in a way that aids discrimination, and thus can potentially contribute to auditory object perception.
