THE USE OF SLEEP EEG IN EPILEPTIC DIAGNOSIS

Sleep and waking EEG of 522 patients with epilepsy and various disease with attack nature were studied. EEG showed paroxysmal activities(PA) in 217 cases. PA appeared only during sleep in 96 cases. Posi- tive rate of EEG diagnosis increased from 23. 2 percent in waking recordings to 41. 6 percent. Fifty of 97 benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spike(51. 6% ) had focal PA only during sleep. Two of 6 cases with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome showed tonic seizure and/or generalized paroxysmal fast activities, Seizure types of 15 patients were defined by interictal PA and letal EEG during sleep. There was no corre- sponding relationship between seizure time(waking or sleep) and PA sensitivity to state of vigilance.

伴中央颞区棘波小儿良性癫痫变异型临床分析

目的探讨伴中央颞区棘波小儿良性癫痫（BECT）变异型临床表现、神经电生理特点、治疗及预后。方法对2001年10月至2012年12月北京大学第一医院儿科神经科门诊或住院的67例BECT变异型儿童临床资料、视频脑电图（VEEG）特点、治疗反应及预后进行2～10年的随访及总结。结果患儿首次出现癫痫发作的年龄为1岁6个月至10岁,出现BECT变异型临床表现的年龄为2岁6个月至10岁6个月。所有患儿脑电图（EEG）均表现为Rolandic区放电,其中25例（37.3%）为非快速眼动睡眠（NREM）期放电指数≥85%,42例（62.7%）NREM期放电指数为50%～〈85%。51例（76.1%）监测到负性肌阵挛发作。应用口服抗癫痫药物治疗10例发作控制,5例发作减少〈50%,52例无效。单独应用口服抗癫痫药物无效患儿中50例联合应用皮质激素治疗,2～10年随访,其中21例（42.0%）发作控制,25例（50.0%）发作减少〈50%,4例发作未控制。14例（28.0%）于甲基泼尼松龙治疗后1个月至1年2个月复发。激素治疗后6个月评估言语智商（VIQ）及操作智商（PIQ）均有提高（P〈0.05）。长期随访的学龄期患儿60例中30例（50.0%）学习成绩差,对其中25例进行神经心理评估,20例（80.0%）有不同程度认知功能受损。结论 BECT变异型除发作频繁及出现新的发作形式外,常伴认知受损、EEG恶化。多数患儿口服抗癫痫药物难以控制发作,激素治疗对大部分患儿有效,6个月治疗使临床症状、认知和EEG显著改善,但复发率较高。部分BECT变异型远期预后不理想,遗留认知功能下降及行为异常。