据Nathanson DA 2013年12月6日（Science，2013，December 5．doi：10．1126／science．1241328．）报道，美国路德维格癌症研究所和加利福尼亚大学的研究者通过研究发现．脑癌细胞可以通过减少靶向药物作用的基因突变，从而对癌症疗法...据Nathanson DA 2013年12月6日（Science，2013，December 5．doi：10．1126／science．1241328．）报道，美国路德维格癌症研究所和加利福尼亚大学的研究者通过研究发现．脑癌细胞可以通过减少靶向药物作用的基因突变，从而对癌症疗法产生抗性，随后在疗法被阻断后重新扩大促进癌症生长的突变效应。展开更多
Objective: To explore the di?erence of CT images of metastatic tumors to the brain of lung squamous cell cancer and lung glandular cancer. Methods: Forty-?ve cases of lung squamous cell cancer an...Objective: To explore the di?erence of CT images of metastatic tumors to the brain of lung squamous cell cancer and lung glandular cancer. Methods: Forty-?ve cases of lung squamous cell cancer and 59 cases of lung glandular cancer have gone through pathological con?rmation and all the 104 cases have been put under enhanced scanning on the basis of ?at scanning. The shape and density of the metastatic tumors, encephaledema around the tumors, and the reinforcement change after the enhancement were analyzed. Results: The CT scanning images of all the cases showed that, under ?at scanning, the density of the metastatic tumors to the brain of lung squamous cell cancer was over the slightly-high level and by no means even. Again, under ?at scanning, some 10 cases of metastatic tumors to the brain of lung glandular cancer showed a slightly-high density and some 49 other cases a low density and sack-like low density. Forty-?ve cases of metastatic tumors to the brain of lung squamous cell cancer were with hydroncus while some 30 cases of that of lung glandular cancer were in the same condition. Most of the two types of metastatic tumors, amounting to 97 cases, took place in supratentorial manner, and only 7 cases took place in subtentorial manner. Conclusion: The CT images of metastatic tumors to the brain of lung squamous cell cancer and lung glandular cancer are obviously di?erent from each other. As for the lung squamous cell cancer, the ?at scanning density of the tumor is over the slightly-high level with unevenness. There is relatively obvious reinforcement and obvious hydroncus. As for the lung glandular cancer, the metastatic tumor to the brain shows a low density and sack-like low density under ?at scanning. There is no obvious reinforcement and relatively slight hydroncus.展开更多
Understanding of the differentiation profile of brain tumor stem cells （BTSCs）, the key ones among tumor cell population, through comparison with neural stem cells （NSCs） would lend insight into the origin of glio...Understanding of the differentiation profile of brain tumor stem cells （BTSCs）, the key ones among tumor cell population, through comparison with neural stem cells （NSCs） would lend insight into the origin of glioma and ultimately yield new approaches to fight this intractable disease. Here, we cultured and purified BTSCs from surgical glioma specimens and NSCs from human fetal brain tissue, and further analyzed their cellular biological behaviors, especially their differentiation property. As expected, NSCs differentiated into mature neural phenotypes. In the same differentiation condition, however, BTSCs exhibited distinguished differences. Morphologically, cells grew flattened and attached for the first week, but gradually aggregated and reformed floating tumor sphere thereafter. During the corresponding period, the expression rate of undifferentiated cell marker CD 133 and nestin in BTSCs kept decreasing, but 1 week later, they regained ascending tendency. Interestingly, the differentiated cell markers GFAP and β-tubulinlII showed an expression change inverse to that of undifferentiated cell markers. Taken together, BTSCs were revealed to possess a capacity to resist differentiation, which actually represents the malignant behaviors of glioma.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent malignancies in the world. It is more common in far eastern countries and relatively rare in the United States and western European countries where at autopsy...Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent malignancies in the world. It is more common in far eastern countries and relatively rare in the United States and western European countries where at autopsy it accounts for only 1-2% of malignant rumors, The disease is usually manifested in the the 6^th and 7^th decade of life. HCC is one of the highly malignant neoplasms, Extrahepatic metastases are seen in 64% of patients with HCC. The lungs, regional lymph nodes, kidney, bone marrow and adrenals are common sites of HCC metastasis^[1-3], But, metastasis to brain and skull is extremely rare. Table I shows some of the reported cases of HCC with brain metastasis. These case reports reaffirms the complex and multidisciplinary care of these patients^[4-5].展开更多
A cerebral lipiodol embolism is an extremely rare complication of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. We present a case of cerebral lipiodol embolism that occurred after the third ar...A cerebral lipiodol embolism is an extremely rare complication of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. We present a case of cerebral lipiodol embolism that occurred after the third arterial chemoembolization, report the clinical and radiological findings, and review the medical literature.展开更多
Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of brain metastasis in patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Metbods Retrospective analysis was conducted in 7 cases of brain metast...Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of brain metastasis in patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Metbods Retrospective analysis was conducted in 7 cases of brain metastases of epithelial ovarian carcinoma from January 1986 to March 2007 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital for summarizing therapy results and prognosisaffecting factors. Results Incidence of brain metastases of epithelial ovarian carcinoma was about 0. 66% （7/1 055 ）. Serous adenocarcinoma was the predominant pathological type in 4 cases and the subsequent was adenocarcinoma in 3 cases. All the patients were diagnosed at late stage, 6 cases with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics （HGO） stage Ⅲc and 1 with FIGO stage IV. The mean duration from diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma to brain metastasis was 32.7 ± 20. 0 months （range, 23-73 months）. Single metastasis focus occurred in 43% of cases and multiple metastases in 57% of cases. Fifty-seven percent of patients presented extracranial metastasis. Serum CA125 played a role in monitoring reoccur- rence and brain metastases. The average survival time was about 12 months. Better treatment with prolonged survival could be achieved by combination of operation and chemotherapy or combination of radiotherapy with chemotherapy. Concltusions As a rare condition, brain metastasis of epithelial ovarian carcinoma is rising in incidence with improved treatment of ovarian carcinoma and prolonged survival. However, brain metastasis indicates bad prognosis which can be improved by combined therapy.展开更多
Objective： The aim of the study was to compare efficacies and safeties of 2 different treatments of whole brain radiotherapy （WBRT） sequential or concomitant Vm26/DDP for small cell lung cancer （SCLC） patients wi...Objective： The aim of the study was to compare efficacies and safeties of 2 different treatments of whole brain radiotherapy （WBRT） sequential or concomitant Vm26/DDP for small cell lung cancer （SCLC） patients with brain metastases. Methods： A total of 39 patients were randomly divided into sequential chemoradiotherapy regime （A group, 20 patients） and concomitant chemoradiotherapy regime （B group, 19 patients）. The close of WBRT was 36 Gy in 18-20 fractions, chemotherapy of Vm26/DDP regimen with teniposide 60 mg/m^2 on dl to d3 and cisplatin 20 mg/m^2 on dl to d5, repeating every 3 weeks. The response was evaluated after WBRT and 2 cycles of chemotherapy. Results： Total response rates of A and B groups were 70.0% and 78.9% respectively （P = 0.520）. The median survival was 11 months in A group and 10 months in B group. Six, twelve and eighteen months cumulative survival rates of A and B groups were 75.0%, 42.5%, 26.2%, and 81.6%, 26.4%, 10.5%, respectively （χ^2 = 0.383, P 〉 0.05）. Response rate and the number of brain metastases were independent prognostic factors. Conclusion： Both sequential and concomitant chemoradiotherapy groups are effective, and the main toxicity with myelosuppression is tolerable after therapy. It can be applied firstly and effectively to the SCLC patients with brain metastases in clinic.展开更多
Objective: To observe the efficacy of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) in lung cancer patients with brain metas-tases and explore the nursing for those patients. Methods: From June 2002 to December 2006, 43 patients of...Objective: To observe the efficacy of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) in lung cancer patients with brain metas-tases and explore the nursing for those patients. Methods: From June 2002 to December 2006, 43 patients of lung cancer with brain metastases were treated with SRT, 8 of them were treated with the association of whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and 6 of them were treated with combination of chemotherapy. During the period of SRT, the patients were applied with active psychological nursing and diet nursing. We also tried to prevent patients from epicranium injury, and meanwhile, patients were asked to took active convalesce exercise. Results: All patients finished SRT without serious reaction and complication. Local control rate was 81.4%, nervous system symptoms relief rate was 76.7% and KPS score was raised significantly. Survival time ranged from 2 to 34 months, median survival time was 8.5 months, and 6-month, 1-and 2-year survival rates were 58.9%, 26.2%, and 6.0% respectively. Conclusion: SRT was one of the effective palliation treatments for the lung cancer patients with brain metastases, and with the assistance of effective nursing, which would prolong their survival time and improved quality of life.展开更多
文摘据Nathanson DA 2013年12月6日（Science，2013，December 5．doi：10．1126／science．1241328．）报道，美国路德维格癌症研究所和加利福尼亚大学的研究者通过研究发现．脑癌细胞可以通过减少靶向药物作用的基因突变，从而对癌症疗法产生抗性，随后在疗法被阻断后重新扩大促进癌症生长的突变效应。
文摘Objective: To explore the di?erence of CT images of metastatic tumors to the brain of lung squamous cell cancer and lung glandular cancer. Methods: Forty-?ve cases of lung squamous cell cancer and 59 cases of lung glandular cancer have gone through pathological con?rmation and all the 104 cases have been put under enhanced scanning on the basis of ?at scanning. The shape and density of the metastatic tumors, encephaledema around the tumors, and the reinforcement change after the enhancement were analyzed. Results: The CT scanning images of all the cases showed that, under ?at scanning, the density of the metastatic tumors to the brain of lung squamous cell cancer was over the slightly-high level and by no means even. Again, under ?at scanning, some 10 cases of metastatic tumors to the brain of lung glandular cancer showed a slightly-high density and some 49 other cases a low density and sack-like low density. Forty-?ve cases of metastatic tumors to the brain of lung squamous cell cancer were with hydroncus while some 30 cases of that of lung glandular cancer were in the same condition. Most of the two types of metastatic tumors, amounting to 97 cases, took place in supratentorial manner, and only 7 cases took place in subtentorial manner. Conclusion: The CT images of metastatic tumors to the brain of lung squamous cell cancer and lung glandular cancer are obviously di?erent from each other. As for the lung squamous cell cancer, the ?at scanning density of the tumor is over the slightly-high level with unevenness. There is relatively obvious reinforcement and obvious hydroncus. As for the lung glandular cancer, the metastatic tumor to the brain shows a low density and sack-like low density under ?at scanning. There is no obvious reinforcement and relatively slight hydroncus.
文摘Understanding of the differentiation profile of brain tumor stem cells （BTSCs）, the key ones among tumor cell population, through comparison with neural stem cells （NSCs） would lend insight into the origin of glioma and ultimately yield new approaches to fight this intractable disease. Here, we cultured and purified BTSCs from surgical glioma specimens and NSCs from human fetal brain tissue, and further analyzed their cellular biological behaviors, especially their differentiation property. As expected, NSCs differentiated into mature neural phenotypes. In the same differentiation condition, however, BTSCs exhibited distinguished differences. Morphologically, cells grew flattened and attached for the first week, but gradually aggregated and reformed floating tumor sphere thereafter. During the corresponding period, the expression rate of undifferentiated cell marker CD 133 and nestin in BTSCs kept decreasing, but 1 week later, they regained ascending tendency. Interestingly, the differentiated cell markers GFAP and β-tubulinlII showed an expression change inverse to that of undifferentiated cell markers. Taken together, BTSCs were revealed to possess a capacity to resist differentiation, which actually represents the malignant behaviors of glioma.
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent malignancies in the world. It is more common in far eastern countries and relatively rare in the United States and western European countries where at autopsy it accounts for only 1-2% of malignant rumors, The disease is usually manifested in the the 6^th and 7^th decade of life. HCC is one of the highly malignant neoplasms, Extrahepatic metastases are seen in 64% of patients with HCC. The lungs, regional lymph nodes, kidney, bone marrow and adrenals are common sites of HCC metastasis^[1-3], But, metastasis to brain and skull is extremely rare. Table I shows some of the reported cases of HCC with brain metastasis. These case reports reaffirms the complex and multidisciplinary care of these patients^[4-5].
文摘A cerebral lipiodol embolism is an extremely rare complication of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. We present a case of cerebral lipiodol embolism that occurred after the third arterial chemoembolization, report the clinical and radiological findings, and review the medical literature.
文摘Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of brain metastasis in patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Metbods Retrospective analysis was conducted in 7 cases of brain metastases of epithelial ovarian carcinoma from January 1986 to March 2007 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital for summarizing therapy results and prognosisaffecting factors. Results Incidence of brain metastases of epithelial ovarian carcinoma was about 0. 66% （7/1 055 ）. Serous adenocarcinoma was the predominant pathological type in 4 cases and the subsequent was adenocarcinoma in 3 cases. All the patients were diagnosed at late stage, 6 cases with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics （HGO） stage Ⅲc and 1 with FIGO stage IV. The mean duration from diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma to brain metastasis was 32.7 ± 20. 0 months （range, 23-73 months）. Single metastasis focus occurred in 43% of cases and multiple metastases in 57% of cases. Fifty-seven percent of patients presented extracranial metastasis. Serum CA125 played a role in monitoring reoccur- rence and brain metastases. The average survival time was about 12 months. Better treatment with prolonged survival could be achieved by combination of operation and chemotherapy or combination of radiotherapy with chemotherapy. Concltusions As a rare condition, brain metastasis of epithelial ovarian carcinoma is rising in incidence with improved treatment of ovarian carcinoma and prolonged survival. However, brain metastasis indicates bad prognosis which can be improved by combined therapy.
文摘Objective： The aim of the study was to compare efficacies and safeties of 2 different treatments of whole brain radiotherapy （WBRT） sequential or concomitant Vm26/DDP for small cell lung cancer （SCLC） patients with brain metastases. Methods： A total of 39 patients were randomly divided into sequential chemoradiotherapy regime （A group, 20 patients） and concomitant chemoradiotherapy regime （B group, 19 patients）. The close of WBRT was 36 Gy in 18-20 fractions, chemotherapy of Vm26/DDP regimen with teniposide 60 mg/m^2 on dl to d3 and cisplatin 20 mg/m^2 on dl to d5, repeating every 3 weeks. The response was evaluated after WBRT and 2 cycles of chemotherapy. Results： Total response rates of A and B groups were 70.0% and 78.9% respectively （P = 0.520）. The median survival was 11 months in A group and 10 months in B group. Six, twelve and eighteen months cumulative survival rates of A and B groups were 75.0%, 42.5%, 26.2%, and 81.6%, 26.4%, 10.5%, respectively （χ^2 = 0.383, P 〉 0.05）. Response rate and the number of brain metastases were independent prognostic factors. Conclusion： Both sequential and concomitant chemoradiotherapy groups are effective, and the main toxicity with myelosuppression is tolerable after therapy. It can be applied firstly and effectively to the SCLC patients with brain metastases in clinic.
文摘Objective: To observe the efficacy of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) in lung cancer patients with brain metas-tases and explore the nursing for those patients. Methods: From June 2002 to December 2006, 43 patients of lung cancer with brain metastases were treated with SRT, 8 of them were treated with the association of whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and 6 of them were treated with combination of chemotherapy. During the period of SRT, the patients were applied with active psychological nursing and diet nursing. We also tried to prevent patients from epicranium injury, and meanwhile, patients were asked to took active convalesce exercise. Results: All patients finished SRT without serious reaction and complication. Local control rate was 81.4%, nervous system symptoms relief rate was 76.7% and KPS score was raised significantly. Survival time ranged from 2 to 34 months, median survival time was 8.5 months, and 6-month, 1-and 2-year survival rates were 58.9%, 26.2%, and 6.0% respectively. Conclusion: SRT was one of the effective palliation treatments for the lung cancer patients with brain metastases, and with the assistance of effective nursing, which would prolong their survival time and improved quality of life.
