海兰褐父母代母雏鸡羽毛脱换规律观察

[目的]观察蛋用雏鸡羽毛脱换过程,了解羽毛脱换规律,为雏鸡的饲养管理提供参考。[方法]通过观察海兰褐父母代10只母雏（快羽）各个部位绒毛的脱换,了解雏鸡羽毛脱换规律。从雏鸡出壳接入育雏室当天开始,将10只母雏放在1个笼内,每天下午15：00～16：00观察记录每只雏鸡的羽毛脱换情况。[结果]母雏鸡各部位绒毛开始脱换的顺序为：翼部→尾部→胸部两侧→大腿部→背腰部→颈部→腹部正下方→胸部正下方→小腿部→头部→腹部两侧,各部位绒毛结束脱换的顺序为：尾部→翼部→胸部两侧→大腿部→背腰部→腹部正下方→颈部→小腿部→头部→腹部两侧→胸部正下方。[结语]翼部和尾部是最早开始和结束羽毛脱换的部位,体躯部位脱换较晚,雏鸡55日龄完成第一次羽毛脱换过程。

对二狼山白绒山羊被毛脱换的探讨

我旗有二狼山白绒山羊43.7万只,占牲畜总数56万头(只)的78.04%。笔者多年来反复对山羊绒毛的生长与脱落进行了测定。

浙东白鹅仔鹅羽毛脱换情况的观察分析

为了解浙东白鹅仔鹅的羽毛生长发育规律,试验从新孵化出壳的浙东白鹅群中选择并标记10只雄性(根据翻肛鉴定雌雄)健康仔鹅,于42日龄前每天15:00—16:00对试验鹅只进行1次观察,记录头部、颈部、胸部、翼部、肩部、背腰部、腹部、大腿部、小腿部、尾部羽毛脱换情况,43~77日龄期间每3 d进行1次观察。于0~11周龄期间的各周龄末对上述各部位羽毛长度进行1次测量,每次每个部位的测量位置相同,统计各周龄末试验白鹅羽毛长度平均值和羽毛长度增长值。结果表明:浙东白鹅仔鹅新羽在77日龄长齐,除翼部、肩部、尾部外其他部位羽毛均成熟;各部位第一新羽长出先后顺序为腹部、尾部、翼部、胸部、大腿部、小腿部、肩部、背腰部、颈部、头部;各部位新羽成熟的先后顺序为颈部、头部、腹部、胸部、腿部、背腰部、肩部、尾部、翼部。在整个试验期,翼部、肩部和背腰部羽毛长度均显著大于头部、颈部羽毛(P<0.05)。头部和胸部羽毛最大长度增长值出现在1~2周龄,颈部、背腰部、腹部和小腿部出现在4~5周龄,肩部、翼部、大腿部和尾部在5~9周龄。说明浙东白鹅仔鹅身体不同部位的羽毛脱换速度不同,提示在生产中要根据新羽生长情况提供适宜的温度,且在新羽长齐并成熟时是合适的出栏期。

毛皮动物毛被脱换的顺序

覆盖在动物体表的毛称毛被。由不同形态的毛纤维按顺序和层次排列而组成。毛皮由定向毛、针毛、两型毛和绒毛构成。毛纤维生长到一定时期逐渐脱离毛囊,继而被新毛所取代,此称换毛;毛绒脱换按一定部位顺序进行,此称换毛序。

Entropy Exchange and Entanglement in Superconducting Charge Qubit Inside a Resonant Cavity with Intrinsic Decoherence

By considering the intrinsic decoherence effect, we investigate the entropy exchange and entanglement in the interacting system of a superconducting charge qubit coupled to a single-mode optical cavity. We found that although the intrinsic decoherence leads to an irreversible evolution of the interacting system due to a suppression of coherent quantum features through the decay of off-diagonal matrix elements of the density operator, and has an apparently influence on the partial entropies of the two-component subsystems, it dose not destroy entropy exchange behavior. In addition, the lower bound of the concurrence, as the measure of entanglement of the coupling system, is calculated. It is shown that the evolution of entanglement is sensitive to the change of the intrinsic decoherence.

SEPARATING SCN^- FROM DESULPHURIZATION WASTE SOLUTION OF COCKING PLANT BY D241 RESIN

SCN^- from desulphurization waste solution of cocking plant was separated by D241 anion exchange resin. When SCN＂ concentration of the waste liquid is O.116mg/ml, its dynamic exchange capability is 93.61mg/g resin. The condition of use KOH as eluted solution to elute SCN^- is KOH concentration 0.5mol/L, flow velocity 60mi/h, with 60ml eluted solution can completely elute SCN＂ which exchanged from waste solution. Vaporized the eluted solution, obtain the KSCN crystal in which the concentration of SCN^- is 53.34%, converts to KSCN is 89.2%. SCN^- crystal was separate out from Na2SO3/KOH mixed solution. The relationship between the proportion of Na2S2O3/KOH, free liquids in crystal and the saturation solution volume when crystal appear, the content of KSCN in crystal： the ratio of K2S2O3/KSCN show direct ratio with the saturation solution volume when the crystal birth, r^2=0.9964; when the ratio of K2S2O3/KSCN is between 0.15 and 0.25, the content of SCN^- in the crystals grow with K2S2O3 content increases, the content of free liquids in crystal also along with it increase; When the ratio of Na2S2O3/KOH is 0.15, the content of SCN^- is 54.56%; convert to KSCN is 76.2%. When the ratio of K2S2O3/ESCN is 0.25, the content of SCN^- is 65.28%; convert to KSCN is 91.2%. When the ratio of K2S2O3/KSCN exceeds 0.25, the content of SCN^- in the crystals and the content of free liquids in crystal reduce when the ratio of K2S2O3/KSCN increase.

Al_(x)/HKUST-1 prepared by synthetic exchange as catalyst for reduction of NO by CO at low temperature

Al_(x)/HKUST-1(x=1/24,1/12,1/6,1/3),one of the bimetallic copper-based organic framework materials,was successfully prepared by the synthetic exchange method and characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),specific surface area(BET),thermogravimetric analysis(TG),infrared spectra(IR),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and H_(2)-temperature programmed reduction(H_(2)-TPR).The findings indicated that Al_(x)/HKUST-1 maintained the octahedral morphology of its precursor(HKUST-1).The thermal stability and catalytic reduction ability of HKUST-1 skeleton were improved by doping aluminum(Al^(3+)).Al_(1/12)/HKUST-1 showed the best performance among all samples,with a nitric oxide(NO)conversion rate of 100%at 210℃(50℃lower than that of HKUST-1).The valence kind of Al,Cu,and O in Al_(1/12)/HKUST-1 did not change after the catalytic reaction,but the contents of Al,Cu,and O in different forms changed significantly.The catalytic process of the Al_(x)/HKUST-1 followed a Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism.

Support Effects on Thiophene Hydrodesulfurization over Co-Mo-Ni/Al_2O_3 and Co-Mo-Ni/TiO_2-Al_2O_3 Catalysts

A carbon-based sulfonated catalyst was prepared by direct sulfonation and carbonization （in moderate conditions：200 ＆#176;C, 12 h） of red liquor solids, a by-product of paper-making process. The prepared sulfonated cata-lyst （SC） had aromatic structure, composed of carbon enriched inner core, and oxygen-containing （SO3H, COOH, OH） groups enriched surface. The SO3H, COOH, OH groups amounted to 0.74 mmol·g^-1, 0.78 mmol·g^-1, 2.18 mmol·g^-1, respectively. The fresh SC showed much higher catalytic activity than that of the traditional solid acid catalysts （strong-acid 732 cation exchange resin, hydrogen type zeolite socony mobile-five （HZSM-5）, sulfated zir-conia） in esterification of oleic acid. SC was deactivated during the reactions, through the mechanisms of leaching of sulfonated species and formation of sulfonate esters. Two regeneration methods were developed, and the catalytic activity can be mostly regenerated by regeneration Method 1 and be fully regenerated by regeneration Method 2, respectively.

Energy Recovery Device with a Fluid Switcher for Seawater Reverse Osmosis System

Energy recovery device （ERD） is an important part of the seawater reverse osmosis （SWRO） desalination system. There are principally two kinds of ERDs, the centrifugal type and the positive displacement （PD） type. The PD type is of extensive concern and is preferred in large-scale plants. In this article, an innovative fluid switcher was presented and a two-cylinder hydraulic energy recovery unit with a lab-scale fluid switcher was set up. Tap water was used as the working medium instead of the actual seawater and brine in SWRO desalination plants. Under steady state operating conditions, the experimental results were obtained on the variations of the pressure and flow rate to and from the energy recovery unit. The hydraulic recovery efficiency （En） of the energy recovery unit with the fluid switcher reached up to 76.83%.

Theoretical Investigation on Internal Leakage and Its Effect on the Efficiency of Fluid Switcher-Energy Recovery Device for Reverse Osmosis Desalting Plant

This work is focused on the theoretical investigation of internal leakage of a newly developed pi lotscale fluid switcherenergy recovery device （FSERD） for reverse osmosis （RO） system. For the purpose of in creasing FSERD efficiency and reducing the operating cost of RO, it is required to control the internal leakage in a low level. In this work, the internal leakage rates at different leakage gaps and retentate brine pressures are investigated by computational fluid dynamics （CFD） method and validating experiments. It is found that the internal leak age has a linear relationship with the retentate brine pressure and a polynomial relationship with the scale of leakage gap. The results of the present work imply that low internal leakage and high retentate brine pressure bring benefits to achieve high FSRD efficiency.

Coefficients de-noising with wavelet transform for magnetic flux leakage data obtained from oil pipeline

This paper considers the problem of noise cancellation for the magnetic flux leakage (MFL) data obtained from the inspection of oil pipelines. MFL data is contaminated by various sources of noise, and the noise can considerably reduce the detectability of flaw signals in MFL data. This paper presents a new de-noising approach for removing the system noise contained in the MFL data by using the coefficients de-noising with wavelet transform. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the advantages of this de-noising approach over the conventional wavelet de-noising method.

The Desalting Property of Ion-Exchange Resins in Organic Solvent

the desalting property of ion-exchange resins in organic solventis reported by using potassium acetate as a model compound. Theexperimental results show that solvability of the solvent, stirringspeed, and temperature are the factors which influence theion-exchange rate. The increase of solvability, stirring speed andtemperature will speed up the ion-exchange process.

Construction and Application of Plasmid pUC19-CM-D

[Objective] The aims were to construct a new suicide plasmid of Lactobacillus and gene deletion engineering bacteria of Lactobacillus with pUC19 vector. [Methods] pUC19-CM was constructed by inserting a chloramphenicol resistant gene into the multi-cloning site of pUC19,and then two homologous fragments were cloned into each side of the pUC19-CM to construct suicide plasmid pUC19-CM-D. [Results] A replacement mutant strain,whose target gene was replaced by resistant gene,could be obtained by transforming the suicide plasmid pUC19-CM-D into Lactobacillus for resistance screening. [Conclusion] The construction and application of pUC19-CM-D provided a fast and efficient means of construction of gene deletion engineering bacteria of Lactobacillus,and laid a foundation for study of gene function of Lactobacillus.

Supported metal catalysts at the single-atom limit – A viewpoint

An account of recent work on supported single‐atom catalyst design is given here for reactions as diverse as the low‐temperature water‐gas shift,methanol steam reforming,selective ethanol dehydrogenation,and selective hydrogenation of alkynes and dienes.It is of fundamental interest to investigate the intrinsic activity and selectivity of the active metal atom site and compare them to the properties of the corresponding metal nanoparticles and sub‐nm clusters.It is also important to understand what constitutes a stable active metal atom site in the various reaction environments,and maximize their loadings to allow us to design robust catalysts for industrial applications.Combined activity and stability studies,ideally following the evolution of the active site as a function of catalyst treatment in real time are recommended.Advanced characterization methods with atomic resolution will play a key role here and will be used to guide the design of new catalysts.

PURIFICATION OF L-METHIONINE AND N-ACETYL-D-METHIONINE FROM THE MIXTURE OF ENZYMATICALLY DEACYLATED N-ACETYL-DL-METHIONINE

N-acetyl-D-methionine, NaAc and the remains of N-acetyl-L-methionine dramatically affect the purification of L-methionine when purified from the mixture of enzymatically deacylated N-acetyl-DL-methionine, leading to a low yield conventionally. Here, this paper reports a successful separation and purification of both L-methionine and N-acetyl-D-methionine by an H ion-exchange column. The pH, L-Met concentration and the ratio between the content of sodium cation and the ion-exchange capacity were optimized to obtain the maximum yield. Experimental results indicate that, under the optimized conditions, the yields of L-methionine and N-acetyl-D-methionine can reach as high as 85% and 75%, respectively.

Study on Influence of Gasoline Sulfur Content on Performance of Vehicle Exhaust Catalytic Converter

This paper has investigated the influence of gasoline sulfur content on durability of catalytic converter for vehicle exhaust gas. Two gasoline samples with different sulfur contents (equating to 150 μg/g and 50 μg/g of sulfur, respectively) were used to examine the durability and performance of catalytic converter on the bench test. The test results have revealed that in comparison to the influence of sulfur on ageing of catalytic converter the thermal ageing had a more remarkable impact on the performance of catalytic converter, and the performance of catalytic converter could be restored by high-temperature desulfurization process after ageing by the high-sulfur gasoline sample (containing 150 μg/g of sulfur) .

Expanded Bed Recovery of D-2-Chloropropionic Acid Dehalogenase Using TiOe-Densified Cellulose Anion Exchanger

The TiO2-densified cellulose composite beads were activated by epichlorohydrin and coupled with diethylamine, to function as an anion exchanger for expanded bed chromatography. The adsorbent exhibited a favorable performance of expanded bed adsorption for proteins, and therefore was applied to the expanded bed recovery of D-2-chloropropionic acid dehalogenase directly from the unclarified homogenate of Pseudomonas sp. NT21. The binding capacity of the dehalogenase was found to be 8.54U·ml^-1 adsorbent, and two active peaks were eluted respectively at 0.15mol·L^-1 and 0.3mol·L^-1 （NH4）2SO4. The result indicated that the overall enzyme yield was 68%, with a purification factor of 22. In comparison to other recovery processes, the yield of the expanded bed process rises at least 70%, simultaneously saving a great deal of operation time and costs.

Synthesis of ITQ-2 Zeolites and Catalytic Performance in n-Dodecane Cracking

ITQ-2 zeolites were prepared by sequential alkali-swelling and ultrasonic-delamination of precursor MCM-22 and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, ammonia temperature-programmed desorption and in-situ Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The delamination induced a change in the morphology of ITQ-2 zeolites from aggregated thin platelets to scattered platelets, together with a significant increase in external specific surface area, which reached a plateau at the ultrasonic treatment time of 3 h. The catalytic cracking of n-dodecane over ITQ-2 zeolites was evaluated with ITQ-2 coated on the inside wall of a tubular reactor at 550 ℃ and 4 MPa. The sample obtained by ultrasonic treatment of 3 h （ITQ-2-3） gave the highest initial conversion of n-dodecane, whereas those of 5 h and I h gave the conversion even lower than MCM-22, which was in agreement with the trend of the ratio of strong Lewis acid to the total acid amount. Although the amount of cokes deposited on ITQ-2-3 was larger than that on MCM-22, the former deactivated slowly, suggesting that a large external specific surface area benefits the stability of zeolite coatings,

獭兔生产过程中被毛生长及换毛规律

獭兔的经济价值主要集中在毛皮,皮张定级和养殖户的经济利益密切相关,而獭兔在其固有生产周期内存在被毛生长和脱换问题。文章旨在探讨在獭兔实际生产中,被毛生长与脱换的因素(内源性、外源性)及换毛规律、盖皮的形成,并就如何提高獭兔换毛效率及皮张品质提出建议。