超音速分离技术是一种集低温制冷及气液分离于一体的新技术,2011年6月,国内引进的首套超音速分离器(super sonic separator,3S)在中国石油塔里木油田公司牙哈作业区凝析气处理厂投产成功。为此,介绍了超音速分离器的工作原理及脱油脱水...超音速分离技术是一种集低温制冷及气液分离于一体的新技术,2011年6月,国内引进的首套超音速分离器(super sonic separator,3S)在中国石油塔里木油田公司牙哈作业区凝析气处理厂投产成功。为此,介绍了超音速分离器的工作原理及脱油脱水工艺流程。运行效果表明,相对于传统制冷(如J-T阀、冷剂和膨胀机制冷)设备,超音速分离器具有以下优势:①效率高。发生在超音速喷管中的膨胀降压、降温、增速过程以及发生在扩散器中的减速、升压、升温过程,均为气体的内部能量转换过程,经过全面优化设计,能使能量损失降低到最低限度。②能耗低。与低温法丙烷制冷相比,在凝液收率相同的情况下,3S可减少制冷压缩机电耗50%～70%;而3S代替膨胀机,在凝液收率相同的情况下,可多回收15%～20%的压缩功率。③无转动部件、属静设备,因此运行更加安全可靠。④工艺过程和设备简单,投资省。⑤本身无消耗,无须水、电、仪表风的支持,除了温度和压力的监控,不依赖控制系统,运行成本低。⑥无废水、废液排出,对环境无影响。⑦体积小,占地和占有的空间小。超音速分离器可以更深度地脱水脱油,从而提高商品天然气品质,并可增加凝液产量,同时明显降低能耗,获得更好的经济效益。展开更多
A technology of ultrasonic-electric united desalting and dewatering of crude oil is studied. The ultrasonic setup is designed to form a standing-wave field, which is more efficient for agglomeration of water particles...A technology of ultrasonic-electric united desalting and dewatering of crude oil is studied. The ultrasonic setup is designed to form a standing-wave field, which is more efficient for agglomeration of water particles. The desalting and dewatering results of the ultrasonic-electric united process are compared with those of the electric process. For high salt-contenting crude oil （40-70 mg·L ^-1）, the salt content is still above 10.0 mg·L^-1 after crude oil has been treated by two-stage electric desalting process in refinery, which cannot meet the need of refinery. Ultrasonic-electric united process is a novel technology for treating the high salt-contenting oil. On the optimal operating conditions of the ultrasonic-electric united process, the salt content of crude oil can be reduced from 67 5 mg·L^-1 to 3.97 mg·L ^-1 by one-stage ultrasonic-electric united process, and the water content falls below 0.3% （by volume）. The results show that the ultrasonic-electric united process is more effective than the electric process in high salt-contenting oil desalting. This technology should be useful in the refinery process.展开更多
Gas-phase dehydration of glycerol to produce acmlein was investigated over commercial catalysts based on γ-Al2O3, viz. A-64, A-56,1-62, AP-10, AP-56, AP-64 and KR-104. To understand the effect of Cl anions, HCl-impre...Gas-phase dehydration of glycerol to produce acmlein was investigated over commercial catalysts based on γ-Al2O3, viz. A-64, A-56,1-62, AP-10, AP-56, AP-64 and KR-104. To understand the effect of Cl anions, HCl-impregnated sup- ports have been investigated in the dehydration reaction of glycerol at 375 ℃. For comparison, various H-zeolites were also examined. It was found that the glycerol conversion over the solid acid catalysts was strongly dependent on their acidity and surface area. And the relationship between the catalytic activity and the acidity of the catalysts was discussed. The outstanding properties of Pt/γ-Al2O3 catalyst systems for the dehydration of glycerol were revealed. Pt/γ-Al2O3 catalyst （AP-64） showed the highest catalytic activity after 50 h of reaction with an acrolein selectivity of 65% at a conversion of glycerol of 90%. Based on these results, catalysts based on γ-Al2O3 appear to be most promising for gas phase dehydration of glycerol.展开更多
文摘超音速分离技术是一种集低温制冷及气液分离于一体的新技术,2011年6月,国内引进的首套超音速分离器(super sonic separator,3S)在中国石油塔里木油田公司牙哈作业区凝析气处理厂投产成功。为此,介绍了超音速分离器的工作原理及脱油脱水工艺流程。运行效果表明,相对于传统制冷(如J-T阀、冷剂和膨胀机制冷)设备,超音速分离器具有以下优势:①效率高。发生在超音速喷管中的膨胀降压、降温、增速过程以及发生在扩散器中的减速、升压、升温过程,均为气体的内部能量转换过程,经过全面优化设计,能使能量损失降低到最低限度。②能耗低。与低温法丙烷制冷相比,在凝液收率相同的情况下,3S可减少制冷压缩机电耗50%～70%;而3S代替膨胀机,在凝液收率相同的情况下,可多回收15%～20%的压缩功率。③无转动部件、属静设备,因此运行更加安全可靠。④工艺过程和设备简单,投资省。⑤本身无消耗,无须水、电、仪表风的支持,除了温度和压力的监控,不依赖控制系统,运行成本低。⑥无废水、废液排出,对环境无影响。⑦体积小,占地和占有的空间小。超音速分离器可以更深度地脱水脱油,从而提高商品天然气品质,并可增加凝液产量,同时明显降低能耗,获得更好的经济效益。
文摘A technology of ultrasonic-electric united desalting and dewatering of crude oil is studied. The ultrasonic setup is designed to form a standing-wave field, which is more efficient for agglomeration of water particles. The desalting and dewatering results of the ultrasonic-electric united process are compared with those of the electric process. For high salt-contenting crude oil （40-70 mg·L ^-1）, the salt content is still above 10.0 mg·L^-1 after crude oil has been treated by two-stage electric desalting process in refinery, which cannot meet the need of refinery. Ultrasonic-electric united process is a novel technology for treating the high salt-contenting oil. On the optimal operating conditions of the ultrasonic-electric united process, the salt content of crude oil can be reduced from 67 5 mg·L^-1 to 3.97 mg·L ^-1 by one-stage ultrasonic-electric united process, and the water content falls below 0.3% （by volume）. The results show that the ultrasonic-electric united process is more effective than the electric process in high salt-contenting oil desalting. This technology should be useful in the refinery process.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (contract № 02.G25.31.0119)a project part of the state task in the field of scientific activity ( № 10.1686.2014/K)
文摘Gas-phase dehydration of glycerol to produce acmlein was investigated over commercial catalysts based on γ-Al2O3, viz. A-64, A-56,1-62, AP-10, AP-56, AP-64 and KR-104. To understand the effect of Cl anions, HCl-impregnated sup- ports have been investigated in the dehydration reaction of glycerol at 375 ℃. For comparison, various H-zeolites were also examined. It was found that the glycerol conversion over the solid acid catalysts was strongly dependent on their acidity and surface area. And the relationship between the catalytic activity and the acidity of the catalysts was discussed. The outstanding properties of Pt/γ-Al2O3 catalyst systems for the dehydration of glycerol were revealed. Pt/γ-Al2O3 catalyst （AP-64） showed the highest catalytic activity after 50 h of reaction with an acrolein selectivity of 65% at a conversion of glycerol of 90%. Based on these results, catalysts based on γ-Al2O3 appear to be most promising for gas phase dehydration of glycerol.
