锌净化过程中黄药除钴的专家控制系统

对湿法炼锌过程中的黄药除钴净化环节作了分析，建立了系统的数学模型，将基于模型的控制与专家系统相结合，提出一种专家控制系统，先由模型求得黄药的添加量作为系统的预给值，再由专家系统分析推理作出必要修正。

Physiological characteristics changes of Aesculus chinensis seeds during natural dehydration

A study was conducted to determine the physiological characteristics changes of Aesculus chinensis seeds during natural dehydration in 2003. The results showed that A. chinensis seeds were recalcitrant with being highly desiccation-sensitive. The seed moisture content of fresh fruits was higher than 60%. When the seeds were naturally dried for 30 days, their moisture content declined to 30.2% and their viability was completely lost. The seed germination percentage had a small increase at the beginning of desiccation and then decreased rapidly. The relative electrical conductivity of the A. chinensis seeds increased along with a decrease in seed moisture content. However, there was an abnormal increase in relative electrical conductivity when the seed moisture content was between 53.7% and 50.9%. Superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity decreased rapidly in the period of desiccation except for an abnormality when the seed moisture content was between 53.7% and 50.9%. Malondialdehyde （MDA） content increased slowly at the early stage of desiccation and then rose rapidly after the moisture content was below 50.9%. The soluble sugar content in seeds slowly increased with the increasing period of desiccation. The seed germination percentage was at the high level when seed moisture content was in range of 47%- 60%, which suggests that this was the optimum moisture content for maintaining A. chinensis seed viability.

Characteristics of a Supersonic Swirling Dehydration System of Natural Gas

A new type of dehydration unit for natural gas was briefly described and its basic structure and working principles were presented. An indoor test rig for testing the unit performance was set up and the experimental results were given. The results showed that the unit could attain a maximum dew point depression of about 20℃ without any need of external mechanical power and chemicals. The pressure loss ratio, shock wave and the flow rate had great influence on the dehydration characteristics. From the systematic analysis of the factors that affect the dehydration efficiency of the unit, the suggestions for improving the unit are put forward.

Denitrification in Natural Nutritious Medium

The intensive use of nitrogen fertilizers in Algeria caused a pollution of the waters by nitrates. This concentration reached in the region of Collo （Wilaya of Skikda, Algeria） 570 mg/L, which is beyond the WHO standard （50 mg/L）. This has negative consequences on human health （Methemoglobinemia） and on the environment （eutrophication）. In our works, we studied the elimination of this pollution with the use of a mixed culture of microorganisms. We replaced the standard synthetic carbon source and the nutritious medium by date powder. This contains minerals and sugars that can enhance bacterial growth. Our study showed that the effectiveness of denitrification is proportional to bacterial growth. It rises exponentially after a latency period of 8 hours. During the reaction of degradation we noticed a rise in pH in our engine, it moved from 7.00 to 8.38. In studying the influence of initial pH on the denitrification of the microorganisms, we observed that the ion hydrogen concentration modified the growth rate of bacteria and degradation of nitrates. An acid pH, the reduction of nitrates is incomplete; this is accounted for the accumulation of nitrous and nitric oxide that interferes in the reaction of denitrification. The velocity of the nitrate reduction is less important in an acid pH （0.0096 g.L^-l.h^-1） than in a basic pH （0.013 g.L^-1.h^-1）. The denitrification is optimal at temperature 35 ℃ for a ratio C/N = 2.5. In these conditions 95% of the nitrate initial quantity is eliminated after approximately 100 hour treatment.

Kinetics of Wet Air Oxidation of Wastewater from Natural Fiber Web Desizing

This work described the application of wet air oxidation (WAO) to the treatment of desizing wastewater from natural fiber processing. A two-liter autoclave batch reactor was used for the experiments. The range of operating temperature examined was between 150 and 290℃, and partial pressure of oxygen ranged from 0.375 to 2.25 MPa standardized at 25℃. Variations in Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD) and Total Organic Carbon(TOC) were monitored during each experiment and used to assess the performance of the process. Experimental results showed that WAO can be an efficient method for the treatment of desizing wastewater. Furthermore, Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation (CWAO) was applied to reduce the reaction temperature and pressure in WAO process. A higher COD removal ratio was achieved under more mild reaction condition with the aid of CWAO. A mathematical model was also proposed to simulate the WAO process of desizing wastewater, in which three distinct kinetics steps were considered to describe the degradation of starch. The model simulations were in well agreement with the experimental data.

Effect of Eco-finishing on Naturally Colored Cotton

This paper studies desizing and polishing of naturally colored cotton with different enzyme. The reactivity of cellulases was measured. The percentage of decrement, bulkiness and color difference of fabrics both before and after eco-finishing were tested. The reasons were analyzed. The results indicates that the desizing of amylase can be applied on naturally colored cotton, and cellulases have polishing effect on it. Moreover eco-finishing with enzyme can provide many better properties to naturally colored cotton than that of normal finishing. Also this process has no pollution as enzyme can be degraded by bioreaction.

Grafted Deproteinized Natural Rubber as an Impact Modifier in Styrene-Methyl Methacrylate Copolymer Sheet

This research was studied to prepare styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymer sheet （S-co-MMA sheet） by using DPNR （deproteinized natural rubber） as an impact modifier. The DPNR was prepared by adding SDS （sodium dodecyl sulfate） into the HANR （high-ammoniated natural rubber latex） and followed by centrifugation. It was found that DPNR was successfully prepared with the lowest nitrogeneous content about 0.034±0.01% w/w by adding SDS for 1.00 phr and centrifugation at 12,000 rpm. Then DPNR was grafted with styrene and methyl methacrylate （DPNR-g-S/MMA） obtained by emulsion polymerization. The effects of DPNR-g-S/MMA were studied by varied the amount of SDS and redox initiator. From this result the grafting efficiency DPNR-g-S/MMA was higher than that of NR-g-S/MMA. The DPNR-g-S/MMA was used as an impact modifier in S-co-MMA sheet. Furthermore, the appropriate quantities of styrene monomer and DPNR-g-S/MMA were also investigated. While DPNR-g-S/MMA was used as impact modifier in S-co-MMA sheet, the result was shown DPNR-g-S/MMA improve impact strength of S-co-MMA sheet. Scanning electron micrographs of S-co-MMA sheet with DPNR-g-S/MMA was found the smooth fracture surface. Thus impact strength of S-co-MMA/gDPNR sheet was high and physical properties of S-co-MMA/gDPNR sheet could be able to be accepted in industry. Concisely, DPNR-g-S/MMA can be used as an impact modifier in S-co-MMA sheet.

Hemin-histamine-montmorillonite clay conjugate as a model biocatalyst to mimic natural peroxidase

We successfully synthesized the first hemin-montmorillonite bio-conjugate with an amino acid residue to mimic natural peroxidase enzyme. Histamine was intercalated in montmorillonite by cation exchange, then a heroin molecule was loaded onto the histamine-montmorillonite with an adsorption capacity of 7.0 mg· g^-1. The hemin-histamine-montmorillonite conjugate shows high peroxidase activity as indicated by the oxidation of guaiacol, which is attributed to the activation of hemin by Fe-N complex formation between the imidazole group in histamine and the iron ion in the hemin molecule. Temperaturedependent peroxidase activity for this synthesized biomimetic material indicates that raising the reaction temperature could significantly enhance the activity of the conjugate. The biomimetic catalyst has good reusability; nearly 100% activity can be retained after three cycles. Because montmorillonite clay is widely distributed in the environment, this material offers great potential for in situ and ex situ remediation of many organic contaminants in surface/subsurface soils.