Acid-catalyzed dehydration of alcohols has been widely employed for the synthesis of alkenes. However, activated alcohols when employed as substrates in dehydration reactions are often pla-gued by the lack of alkene s...Acid-catalyzed dehydration of alcohols has been widely employed for the synthesis of alkenes. However, activated alcohols when employed as substrates in dehydration reactions are often pla-gued by the lack of alkene selectivity. In this work, the reaction system can be significantly improved through enhancing the performance of Lewis acid catalysts in the dehydration of activated alcohols by combining with a Lewis base. Observations of the reaction mechanism revealed that the Lewis base component might have changed the reaction rate order. Although both the principal and side reaction rates decreased, the effect was markedly more observed on the latter reaction. Therefore, the selectivity of the dehydration reaction was improved. On the basis of this observation, a new route to synthesize 2-cinnamyl-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds was developed by using 2-aryl-3,4- di-hydropyran as a starting substrate in the presence of a Lewis acid/Lewis base combined catalyst system.展开更多
Zhang Xichun classifed the collapse syndrome into upper collapse,lower collapse and exterior col-lapse.Based on the therapeutic principle of tonifying the liver and astringing the liver to consolidate collapse,he used...Zhang Xichun classifed the collapse syndrome into upper collapse,lower collapse and exterior col-lapse.Based on the therapeutic principle of tonifying the liver and astringing the liver to consolidate collapse,he used drugs boldly to cure disease.The method of tonifying the liver and astringing sweating is applied to res-cue exterior collapse with Laifu Deoction(来复汤);the method of tonifying the liver and relieving asthma is applied to treat upper collapse with Shenzhe Zhenqi Decoction(参赭镇气汤);the method of restoring yang with emergent treatment is applied to rescue the lower collapse with Jijiu Huiyang Decoction(急救回阳汤).This will provide references for the prevention and treatment of critical diseases for later generations in practi-cing Chinese medicine.展开更多
Palm oil is of great potential as one of the sustainable alternatives to fish oil(FO) in aquafeeds.In this present study,five isonitrogenous diets(32% crude protein) with elevated palm oil levels of 0%,2%,4%,6% and 8%...Palm oil is of great potential as one of the sustainable alternatives to fish oil(FO) in aquafeeds.In this present study,five isonitrogenous diets(32% crude protein) with elevated palm oil levels of 0%,2%,4%,6% and 8% were used during an 8-week feeding trial to evaluate its effects on RNA/DNA ratio and lipoprotein lipase(LPL) and Myo D m RNA expressions in muscle of Oreochromis niloticus.The results showed that RNA,DNA content as well as ratio of RNA to DNA were significantly affected(P < 0.05),in each case the highest was recorded in fish group subjected to 6% palm oil level.There was a strong positive correlation between nucleic acid concentration(RNA concentration and RNA:DNA ratio) and specific growth rate(SGR),protein efficiency ratio(PER),while a negative correlation existed between nucleic acid concentration(RNA concentration and RNA:DNA ratio) and feed conversion ratio(FCR).The m RNA expressions of LPL and Myo D in muscle were not significantly affected by the different palm oil levels,although the highest expression was observed in fish fed with 6% palm oil level.There also existed a strong positive correlation between the m RNA expression of LPL,Myo D and SGR,PER,while their correlation with FCR was negative.In conclusion,elevated palm oil affected the RNA,DNA concentration as well as RNA/DNA ratio significantly,although the m RNA expression of LPL and Myo D were not affected significantly by elevated palm oil levels.展开更多
A number of orthopedic injuries can occur during epileptic seizures. Anterior shoulder dislocation is one such orthopedic injury that is quite rare. The shoulder dislocation may injure the brachial plexus. Besides sei...A number of orthopedic injuries can occur during epileptic seizures. Anterior shoulder dislocation is one such orthopedic injury that is quite rare. The shoulder dislocation may injure the brachial plexus. Besides seizures, the nerves can also be damaged by anticonvulsive therapy. Muscle wasting following a seizure can misguide a clinician to investigate only neural or muscular pathologies. We report here an individual with epilepsy who was referred to us for electrodiagnostic evaluation of proximal muscle wasting related to a suspected proximal neuropathy. He was found to have a normal electrodiagnostic evaluation and later on discovered to have had bilateral shoulder dislocation on X-rays. This report advocates a thorough clinical appraisal, radiographs, and electrodiagnostic evaluation in a case with muscle wasting following a seizure.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21173089 and 21373093)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (2014ZZGH019)the Cooperative Innovation Center of Hubei Province
文摘Acid-catalyzed dehydration of alcohols has been widely employed for the synthesis of alkenes. However, activated alcohols when employed as substrates in dehydration reactions are often pla-gued by the lack of alkene selectivity. In this work, the reaction system can be significantly improved through enhancing the performance of Lewis acid catalysts in the dehydration of activated alcohols by combining with a Lewis base. Observations of the reaction mechanism revealed that the Lewis base component might have changed the reaction rate order. Although both the principal and side reaction rates decreased, the effect was markedly more observed on the latter reaction. Therefore, the selectivity of the dehydration reaction was improved. On the basis of this observation, a new route to synthesize 2-cinnamyl-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds was developed by using 2-aryl-3,4- di-hydropyran as a starting substrate in the presence of a Lewis acid/Lewis base combined catalyst system.
基金We thank for the funding support from the Scientific Research Project of Hunan Provincial Department of Education(18C0378)。
文摘Zhang Xichun classifed the collapse syndrome into upper collapse,lower collapse and exterior col-lapse.Based on the therapeutic principle of tonifying the liver and astringing the liver to consolidate collapse,he used drugs boldly to cure disease.The method of tonifying the liver and astringing sweating is applied to res-cue exterior collapse with Laifu Deoction(来复汤);the method of tonifying the liver and relieving asthma is applied to treat upper collapse with Shenzhe Zhenqi Decoction(参赭镇气汤);the method of restoring yang with emergent treatment is applied to rescue the lower collapse with Jijiu Huiyang Decoction(急救回阳汤).This will provide references for the prevention and treatment of critical diseases for later generations in practi-cing Chinese medicine.
基金supported by China Agriculture Research System (CARS-49)Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding (ZF1206)
文摘Palm oil is of great potential as one of the sustainable alternatives to fish oil(FO) in aquafeeds.In this present study,five isonitrogenous diets(32% crude protein) with elevated palm oil levels of 0%,2%,4%,6% and 8% were used during an 8-week feeding trial to evaluate its effects on RNA/DNA ratio and lipoprotein lipase(LPL) and Myo D m RNA expressions in muscle of Oreochromis niloticus.The results showed that RNA,DNA content as well as ratio of RNA to DNA were significantly affected(P < 0.05),in each case the highest was recorded in fish group subjected to 6% palm oil level.There was a strong positive correlation between nucleic acid concentration(RNA concentration and RNA:DNA ratio) and specific growth rate(SGR),protein efficiency ratio(PER),while a negative correlation existed between nucleic acid concentration(RNA concentration and RNA:DNA ratio) and feed conversion ratio(FCR).The m RNA expressions of LPL and Myo D in muscle were not significantly affected by the different palm oil levels,although the highest expression was observed in fish fed with 6% palm oil level.There also existed a strong positive correlation between the m RNA expression of LPL,Myo D and SGR,PER,while their correlation with FCR was negative.In conclusion,elevated palm oil affected the RNA,DNA concentration as well as RNA/DNA ratio significantly,although the m RNA expression of LPL and Myo D were not affected significantly by elevated palm oil levels.
文摘A number of orthopedic injuries can occur during epileptic seizures. Anterior shoulder dislocation is one such orthopedic injury that is quite rare. The shoulder dislocation may injure the brachial plexus. Besides seizures, the nerves can also be damaged by anticonvulsive therapy. Muscle wasting following a seizure can misguide a clinician to investigate only neural or muscular pathologies. We report here an individual with epilepsy who was referred to us for electrodiagnostic evaluation of proximal muscle wasting related to a suspected proximal neuropathy. He was found to have a normal electrodiagnostic evaluation and later on discovered to have had bilateral shoulder dislocation on X-rays. This report advocates a thorough clinical appraisal, radiographs, and electrodiagnostic evaluation in a case with muscle wasting following a seizure.
