蜡梅花蕾脱落力、扩张蛋白活性与离层形成相关性研究

为明确蜡梅花蕾脱落过程中脱落力、扩张蛋白活性以及离层发育的关系,同时研究保鲜剂对蜡梅切花的影响,采用查狄伦测力计以及蛋白体外重组法对瓶插蜡梅花梗脱落力和蛋白活性进行研究,同时采用石蜡切片法对瓶插蜡梅中蕾期花梗离层的形成进行观察。结果表明:1)脱落力与落蕾量呈负相关,当脱落力小于2.0 N时落蕾量显著增加;2)在瓶插前期,扩张蛋白活性稳定在相对较低的水平,到了后期活性迅速增强,此时脱落力显著下降,离区细胞严重解体并导致离区断裂;3)和对照相比,3种保鲜剂组合对蜡梅切花无显著影响。脱落力、扩张蛋白活性与离层发育关系密切,脱落力可以作为蜡梅花蕾脱落过程中离层发育阶段的划分依据,扩张蛋白主要在蜡梅花蕾离层发育后期起作用;3种保鲜剂组合对蜡梅切花作用不明显。

新疆色买提杏脱落力与果实生理特性的相关性分析

针对新疆色买提杏成熟周期短、果实不易贮藏的特点,对成熟期果实的生理特性、果实脱落力等进行测试和相关性分析,得出了果实脱落力与果实硬度、含糖量及表面色差等因素有关的结论,通过对果实脱落力与果实硬度、含糖量等生理指标各值进行拟合分析,得到了反映果实脱落力随生理指标变化的拟合曲线和方程。

不同脱落力下蜡梅花梗CpEXP1基因的表达与扩张蛋白活性

为了研究不同脱落力下蜡梅花梗中CpEXP1基因的表达水平以及扩张蛋白活性,采用real-time PCR技术检测不同脱落力下蜡梅花梗组织CpEXP1基因的表达水平;同时采用蛋白质体外重组法以及培养基添加法对花梗组织扩张蛋白活性进行测定。结果表明:CpEXP1基因的表达与扩张蛋白活性变化趋势相同,并在蜡梅花蕾脱落过程中具有阶段特异性。CpEXP1基因在自然脱落组的表达量显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。此时扩张蛋白活性也最强。扩张蛋白对麻点百合愈伤组织的分化无明显影响,对增殖以及生根有明显促进作用。

Control of Vortex Shedding and Drag Reduction through Dual Splitter Plates Attached to a Square Cylinder

In this paper we have made a numerical study on the control of vortex shedding and drag reduction of a cylinder by attaching thin splitter plates. The wake structure of the cylinder of square cross-section with attached splitter plates is analyzed for a range of Reynolds number, based on the incident stream and height of the cylinder, in the laminar range. The Navier-Stokes equations governing the flow are solved by the control volume method over a staggered grid arrangement. We have used the semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equation （SIMPLE） algorithm for computation. Our results show that the presence of a splitter plate upstream of the cylinder reduces the drag, but it has a small impact on the vortex shedding frequency when the plate length is beyond 1.5 time the height of the cylinder. The presence of a downstream splitter plate dampens the vortex shedding frequency. The entrainment of fluid into the inner side of the separated shear layers is obstructed by the downstream splitter plate. Our results suggest that by attaching in-line splitter plates both upstream and downstream of the cylinder, the vortex shedding can be suppressed, as well as a reduction in drag be obtained. We made a parametric study to determine the optimal length of these splitter plates so as to achieve low drag and low vortex shedding frequency.

Hydrodynamics numerical investigation of hoistable masts for underwater vehicles

Using the unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equation as the governing equation, the large eddy simulation (LES) model is implemented to investigate the shedding of vortices, the flow pattern of turbulence, the unsteady pressure fluctuation and the time history of the lift coefficient and drag coefficient of hoistable masts with various mast shapes and various arrangements in this paper. Combining the FFT, combined time-frequency transform and wavelet power spectrum analysis, the characteristics of unsteady pressure can be obtained in both time and frequency domain. It shows that the main frequency of pressure fluctuation is near the frequency of vortex shedding in time domain using the FFT method. It can be inferred from the combined time-frequency transform that the unsteady pressure fluctuation has obviously the peak value and the second peak value in time domain. It could indicate that the fluctuation power varies from the fluctuation frequency through the power spectrum analysis. By the data analysis, it shows that the vortex shedding is the dominant cause of the periodically pressure fluctuation. And the interaction pattern of wake and interplay between wake and the walls of masts under different arrangements are also discussed in this paper.

Effect of Bed Vicinity on Vortex Shedding and Force Coefficients of Fluid Flow on an Offshore Pipeline

The effect of rigid bed proximity on flow parameters and hydrodynamic loads in offshore pipelines exposed to turbulent flow is investigated numerically. The Galerkin finite volume method is employed to solve the unsteady incompressible 2D Navier–Stokes equations. The large eddy simulation turbulence model is solved using the artificial compressibility method and dual time-stepping approach. The proposed algorithm is developed for a wide range of turbulent flows with Reynolds numbers of 9500 to 1.5×10^4.Evaluation of the developed numerical model shows that the proposed technique is capable of properly predicting hydrodynamic forces and simulating the flow pattern. The obtained results show that the lift and drag coefficients are strongly affected by the gap ratio. The mean drag coefficient slightly increases as the gap ratio increases, although the mean lift coefficient rapidly decreases. The vortex shedding suppression happen at the gap ratio of less than 0.2.

振动式苹果采摘机的结构设计与试验

针对我国现有苹果采摘自动化程度低、人工成本高、采摘时间长等问题,本文以苹果树为研究对象,旨在设计一款针对苹果采摘的树干式振动采摘机,以提高苹果采摘作业的效率,解决当下产量低等问题。首先,测量苹果树及其果实的生物学特性的数值,并取具有代表性的数值进行记录。其次,提出苹果采摘机的总体设计方案,确定采摘机物理尺寸,对采摘机重要单元进行结构设计,并利用Solid Works对整个苹果采摘机结构进行三维建模,对其关键部件进行模态分析和应力分析,确定其可以正常进行采摘作业。最后,通过加速度传感器对苹果树侧枝点进行加速度数据采集,通过计算确定满足果梗断裂条件。试验表明:苹果在振动式苹果采摘机的激振力作用下,侧枝点所获得的加速度可以使果梗脱落,从而实现对苹果的采摘作业。

Drying temperature affects rice seed vigor via gibberellin,abscisic acid,and antioxidant enzyme metabolism

Seed vigor is a key factor affecti ng seed quality.The mechanical drying process exerts a sign ificant in fluence on rice seed vigor.The initial moisture con tent(IMC)and drying temperature are considered the main factors affecting rice seed vigor through mechanical drying.This study aimed to determine the optimum drying temperature for rice seeds according to the IMC,and elucidate the mechanisms mediating the effects of drying temperature and IMC on seed vigor.Rice seeds with three different IMCs(20%,25%,and 30%)were dried to the target moisture content(14%)at four different drying temperatures.The results showed that the drying temperature and IMC had significant effects on the drying performance and vigor of the rice seeds.The upper limits of drying temperature for rice seeds with 20%,25%,and 30%IMCs were 45,42,and 38°C,respectively.The drying rate and seed temperature increased sign ificantly with in creasing drying temperature.The drying temperature,drying rate,and seed temperature showed extremely significant negative correlations with germination energy(GE),germination rate,germination index(Gl),and vigor index(VI).A high IMC and drying temperature probably induced a massive accumulation of hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)and superoxide anions in the seeds,enhanced superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activity,and increased the abscisic acid(ABA)content.In the early stage of seed germination,the IMC and drying temperature regulated seed germination through the metabolism of H2O2,gibberellin acid(GA),ABA,and a-amylase.These results indicate that the metabolism of reactive oxygen species(ROS),antioxidant enzymes,GA,ABA,and a-amylase might be involved in the mediation of the effects of drying temperature on seed vigor.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis and technical guidance for the mechanical drying of rice seeds.