目的:对儿童弱视临床治疗中1) 远视性儿童弱视愈后脫镜指标。2) 儿童弱视愈后复发概念与分期。3)儿童弱视痊愈或脫镜后近视化。4) 治疗年龄限制。5) 结束治疗等。很少有人涉及,报道也很少的这五个方面问题进行研究探讨。方法:弱视儿童...目的:对儿童弱视临床治疗中1) 远视性儿童弱视愈后脫镜指标。2) 儿童弱视愈后复发概念与分期。3)儿童弱视痊愈或脫镜后近视化。4) 治疗年龄限制。5) 结束治疗等。很少有人涉及,报道也很少的这五个方面问题进行研究探讨。方法:弱视儿童就诊后,散瞳验光配戴合适的矫治眼镜、遮盖疗法、使用家庭弱视治疗仪、1个月定期复查,痊愈后,按:(1) 双眼裸眼远近视力≥1.0(国际标准视力表)半年以上者(年龄在3~5岁儿童视力的正常值下限为0.5,6岁及以上儿童视力的正常值下限为0.7),(2) 眼位正常或斜视性弱视治愈后残余斜视度P Objective: Clinical treatment of amblyopia in children, 1) The index of disconnection after amblyopia recovery in hyperopic children. 2) The concept and stage of amblyopia recurrence in children. 3) Children & apos;samblyopia recovered or became myopic after taking off glasses. 4) Age limit of treatment. 5) End treatment. Very few people are involved, The report also very few of these five aspects of the study. Methods: after the amblyopia children went to the doctor, they wore suitable corrective glasses, covered therapy, used the family amblyopia therapeutic instrument, and reexamined regularly for 1 month, note: (1) binocular naked near and far vision ≥ 1.0 (International Standard Visual Acuity Chart) for more than half a year (the lower limit of normal vision for children aged 3~5 years is 0.5, and the lower limit of normal vision for children aged 6 years and over is 0.7), (2) residual strabismus < 5˚, (3) hyperopic dioptre ≤ 1.00 ds (3 years ≤ + 2.00 ds, 4~5 years ≤ + 1.50 ds) and (4) hyperopic astigmatism ≤ + 0.50 DC. Decided to take off the lens. Results: 1) The younger the age at first diagnosis, the better the curative effect: 2.5~6 years old, 24.17%, 40.44%, 24.83%, 89.44%, all higher than other age groups, 2) The mild amblyopia at first diagnosis (0.8~0.6), 20.57%, 24.83%, 89.44%, the recovery rate was 75.18% (95.75%), significantly higher than that of the moderate amblyopia (0.5~0.2) (22.26%) , the recovery rate was 32.75% , the basic recovery rate was 27.16%, the total recovery rate was 82.17%, the severe amblyopia (0.1 or less) was 14.17%, the recovery rate was 7.58%, the basic cure rate was 48.76% and the total cure rate was 71.05%. 3) The initial diopter of low diopter (spherical lens ≤ 3.00 d, cylindrical lens ≤ 1.00 d) was 17.52%, the cure rate was 57.18%, the basic cure rate was 16.06%, the total rate was 90.76%, higher than moderate (3.25~4.75 D for spherical lens, 1.25~1.50 D for cylindrical lens), 26.17%, 24.00%, 30.06%, 80.23% and 19.28% for height (5.00 d for spherical lens, 1.75 D for cylindrical lens), the cure rate was 17.69%, the basic cure rate was 30.06%, the total cure rate was 72.08%, 4) At the first diagnosis, the simple hyperopia was 23.34%, the basic cure rate was 39.68%, the basic cure rate was 35.11%, the total cure rate was 87.10%, which was higher than the simple hyperopia astigmatism, the removal of mirror was 12.38%, the total cure rate was 37.13%, the cure rate was 25.25%, 74.76% in total, and 10.80%, 36.21%, 25.08%, 72.09% in total 5) The relationship between treatment time and curative effect: From Table 5, it can be seen that after 3 years treatment, 21.77% of the patients were out of mirror, 49.10% were cured, 20.87% were basically cured, 91.74% in total, 26.02% of the patients were out of mirror, 47.37% were cured, the cure rate was 18.95% (92.34%) , 29.35% (29.35%), 49.74% (49.74%), 15.4% (94.73%), 29.30% (29.30%), 58.06% (58.06%), 9.68% (94.73%), respectively, the total rate of 97.04% was higher than that of the following three years (p < 0.05). Conclusion: 1) The corrected index of amblyopia in hyperopic children should be: (1) binocular naked near-far Vision 1.0 (International Standard Visual Acuity chart) more than half a year (the lower limit of normal vision for children aged 3~5 years is 0.5, for children aged 4~5 years less than 0.6, and for children aged 6 years and over is 0.7), (2) if the eye position is normal or the residual strabismus degree is less than 5˚, after the strabismus amblyopia is cured, (3) hyperopia dioptre ≤1.00 ds (3 years ≤ + 2.00 ds, 4~5 years + 1.50 ds), (4) hyperopic Astigmatism + 0.50 DC, 4 indexes. 2) The concept of recurrent amblyopia, We Believe: Amblyopia recurrence is after treatment amblyopia, Corrected vision was improved to ≥ 0.9 (International Standard Vision) Or the naked eye vision improved to ≥ 1.0, His eyesight is failing again, after mydriasis optometry with compound tropicamide or atropine, it was proved that the diopter was obviously increased, that is, the recurrence of amblyopia. Stages of amblyopia recurrence: we believe that according to the different stages of treatment of amblyopia in children, Amblyopia recurrence should be divided into three stages, namely: After basic cure, amblyopia recurred, Amblyopia recurred after recovery and after lens removal. 3) The problem of myopia after amblyopia recovery or lens removal in children, we advocate early detection and prompt treatment of pseudomyopia, Prevent the formation of true myopia. 4) Treatment of the problem of age limitation we believe that: Amblyopia treatment can be started at the age of 21/2, the best age is 2~6, 7~12 is the right age, but 13~18-year-old children amblyopia do not easily give up treatment. 5) The problem of ending treatment, we Believe: The treatment of hyperopic amblyopia in children is the safest after taking off lens. The rate of vision regression was lowest. And myopic amblyopia, basic cure or after cure can end treatment.展开更多
As the photo-dissociation product of methanol on the TIO2（110） surface, the diffusion and desorption processes of formaldehyde （HCHO） were investigated by using scanning tunneling microscope （STM） and density fu...As the photo-dissociation product of methanol on the TIO2（110） surface, the diffusion and desorption processes of formaldehyde （HCHO） were investigated by using scanning tunneling microscope （STM） and density functional theory （DFT）. The molecular-level images revealed the HCHO molecules could diffuse and desorb on the surface at 80 K under UV laser irra- diation. The diffusion was found to be mediated by hydrogen adatoms nearby, which were produced from photodissociation of methanol. Diffusion of HCHO was significantly decreased when there was only one H alatom near the HCHO molecule. Furthermore, single HCHO molecule adsorbed on the bare Ti02（l10） surface was quite stable, little photo-desorption was observed during laser irradiation. The mechanism of hydroxyl groups assisted diffusion of formaldehyde was also investigated using theoretical calculations.展开更多
Adsorption experiment from aqueous solutions containing known amount of Cr （chromium） using chitosan was explored to evaluate the efficiency of chitosan as sorbent for Cr. Some variable parameters such as pH, reacti...Adsorption experiment from aqueous solutions containing known amount of Cr （chromium） using chitosan was explored to evaluate the efficiency of chitosan as sorbent for Cr. Some variable parameters such as pH, reaction time and chitosan dosage were optimized. Under the optimum experiment condition, the effect of common ions on the adsorption of Cr （i.e., Na^＋, K^＋, Mg^2＋, Ca^2＋ for Cr（Ⅲ）, and Cl^-, NO3^-, SO4^2- for Cr（Ⅵ）） was also investigated. Furthermore, the sorption mechanism of Cr by chitosan was investigated by applying Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations to the data obtained. In addition, to confirm the characteristics of the chitosan, the surface morphology of the biomass was determined by SEM （scanning electron microscope） and specific surface area analyzer （N2-BET （Brunaeur, Emmet and Teller））. Consequently, the following matters have been mainly clarified： （1） chitosan can be an efficient sorbent for Cr （both Cr（Ⅲ） and Cr（Ⅵ））; （2） the effect of common ions on the adsorption ofCr （Cr（Ⅲ） and Cr（Ⅵ）） was not significant under this experimental conditions; （3） adsorption isotherms using the chitosan can be generally described by Langmuir isotherm more satisfactorily for Cr. The adsorption may have occurred mainly by monolayer reaction; （4） the rates of adsorption were found to conform to pseudo-second order kinetics.展开更多
Objective: To study the feasibility and effects of disc resection in patients with extremely-lateral disc herrniation (ELDH) with microendoscopic tubular retractor (METRx) through intertransversal route. Methods: In t...Objective: To study the feasibility and effects of disc resection in patients with extremely-lateral disc herrniation (ELDH) with microendoscopic tubular retractor (METRx) through intertransversal route. Methods: In the period from March 2000 to December 2002, 9 patients with ELDH underwent disc resection with METRx system through intratransversal route and the clinical outcome was evaluated with Nakai standard. Results: The operation time ranged from 60 to 120 min with an average of 75 min; the blood loss ranged from 50 to 120 ml with an average of 60 ml; and the hospitalization time ranged from 5 to 19 d with an average of 13 d. No wound infection, neurological damages, pseudomeningocele or other complications occurred. The rate of excellent and good outcome was 88.9%. Conclusion: Disc removal in patients with ELDH can be done with METRx system and satisfactory results are obtained.展开更多
In order to provide a new utilization method for cadmium-contaminated rice,a preliminary study of the removal of rice starch cadmium by water,calcium hydroxide,sodium hydroxide and citric acid was conducted,the damage...In order to provide a new utilization method for cadmium-contaminated rice,a preliminary study of the removal of rice starch cadmium by water,calcium hydroxide,sodium hydroxide and citric acid was conducted,the damage degree of starch was compared by SEM,and then the recombinant rice was obtained by a twin-screw extruder using the starch which met the safety standard.The physical and chemical properties of recombinant rice were analyzed by acid hydrolysis and texture analyzer.The results showed that citric acid was a good rice cadmium removal agent.The quality of recombinant rice prepared from cadmium-removed rice starch was improved;the acid resistance was increased.Heavy metal contaminated rice can be a staple food with better quality and higher value through processing.展开更多
Partially or fully regenerated catalytic cracking catalysts were prepared by gasifying the coke deposited on coked catalysts with a gaseous mixture of oxygen and steam in a fixed fluidized bed （FFB）. The resultant s...Partially or fully regenerated catalytic cracking catalysts were prepared by gasifying the coke deposited on coked catalysts with a gaseous mixture of oxygen and steam in a fixed fluidized bed （FFB）. The resultant samples were characterized by different methods such as the nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis, the X-ray diffractometry, the infrared spectroscopy, the ammonia temperature-programmed desorption （NH3-TPD） method, the X-ray fluorescence （XRF） analysis, the transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （TEM-EDX）, the thermal-gravimetric analysis （TGA） and the differential thermal analysis （DTA）. The results showed that exposure of catalyst to steam for about 10 minutes at temperature ≥ 800 ℃ could not cause too much destruction of the catalysts, and an amount of coke equating to about 0.27 m% was enough to block approximately all acid sites in micro-pores of the zeolite catalyst. Coke didn＇t show equal reactivity during coke burning-off that could be accelerated by the catalytic action of nearby metal atoms. However, when the carbon content on the catalyst reached about 2.44 m%, the catalytic action of metals on the catalyst was not evident. The severe thermal and hydrothermal environment during exposure of the catalyst to steam at a temperature in the range of about 860--880 ℃ for 30 minutes could lead to collapse of pore structure and transformation of crystal phase and consequently decrease of the surface area and acid amount on the catalyst.展开更多
文摘目的:对儿童弱视临床治疗中1) 远视性儿童弱视愈后脫镜指标。2) 儿童弱视愈后复发概念与分期。3)儿童弱视痊愈或脫镜后近视化。4) 治疗年龄限制。5) 结束治疗等。很少有人涉及,报道也很少的这五个方面问题进行研究探讨。方法:弱视儿童就诊后,散瞳验光配戴合适的矫治眼镜、遮盖疗法、使用家庭弱视治疗仪、1个月定期复查,痊愈后,按:(1) 双眼裸眼远近视力≥1.0(国际标准视力表)半年以上者(年龄在3~5岁儿童视力的正常值下限为0.5,6岁及以上儿童视力的正常值下限为0.7),(2) 眼位正常或斜视性弱视治愈后残余斜视度P Objective: Clinical treatment of amblyopia in children, 1) The index of disconnection after amblyopia recovery in hyperopic children. 2) The concept and stage of amblyopia recurrence in children. 3) Children & apos;samblyopia recovered or became myopic after taking off glasses. 4) Age limit of treatment. 5) End treatment. Very few people are involved, The report also very few of these five aspects of the study. Methods: after the amblyopia children went to the doctor, they wore suitable corrective glasses, covered therapy, used the family amblyopia therapeutic instrument, and reexamined regularly for 1 month, note: (1) binocular naked near and far vision ≥ 1.0 (International Standard Visual Acuity Chart) for more than half a year (the lower limit of normal vision for children aged 3~5 years is 0.5, and the lower limit of normal vision for children aged 6 years and over is 0.7), (2) residual strabismus < 5˚, (3) hyperopic dioptre ≤ 1.00 ds (3 years ≤ + 2.00 ds, 4~5 years ≤ + 1.50 ds) and (4) hyperopic astigmatism ≤ + 0.50 DC. Decided to take off the lens. Results: 1) The younger the age at first diagnosis, the better the curative effect: 2.5~6 years old, 24.17%, 40.44%, 24.83%, 89.44%, all higher than other age groups, 2) The mild amblyopia at first diagnosis (0.8~0.6), 20.57%, 24.83%, 89.44%, the recovery rate was 75.18% (95.75%), significantly higher than that of the moderate amblyopia (0.5~0.2) (22.26%) , the recovery rate was 32.75% , the basic recovery rate was 27.16%, the total recovery rate was 82.17%, the severe amblyopia (0.1 or less) was 14.17%, the recovery rate was 7.58%, the basic cure rate was 48.76% and the total cure rate was 71.05%. 3) The initial diopter of low diopter (spherical lens ≤ 3.00 d, cylindrical lens ≤ 1.00 d) was 17.52%, the cure rate was 57.18%, the basic cure rate was 16.06%, the total rate was 90.76%, higher than moderate (3.25~4.75 D for spherical lens, 1.25~1.50 D for cylindrical lens), 26.17%, 24.00%, 30.06%, 80.23% and 19.28% for height (5.00 d for spherical lens, 1.75 D for cylindrical lens), the cure rate was 17.69%, the basic cure rate was 30.06%, the total cure rate was 72.08%, 4) At the first diagnosis, the simple hyperopia was 23.34%, the basic cure rate was 39.68%, the basic cure rate was 35.11%, the total cure rate was 87.10%, which was higher than the simple hyperopia astigmatism, the removal of mirror was 12.38%, the total cure rate was 37.13%, the cure rate was 25.25%, 74.76% in total, and 10.80%, 36.21%, 25.08%, 72.09% in total 5) The relationship between treatment time and curative effect: From Table 5, it can be seen that after 3 years treatment, 21.77% of the patients were out of mirror, 49.10% were cured, 20.87% were basically cured, 91.74% in total, 26.02% of the patients were out of mirror, 47.37% were cured, the cure rate was 18.95% (92.34%) , 29.35% (29.35%), 49.74% (49.74%), 15.4% (94.73%), 29.30% (29.30%), 58.06% (58.06%), 9.68% (94.73%), respectively, the total rate of 97.04% was higher than that of the following three years (p < 0.05). Conclusion: 1) The corrected index of amblyopia in hyperopic children should be: (1) binocular naked near-far Vision 1.0 (International Standard Visual Acuity chart) more than half a year (the lower limit of normal vision for children aged 3~5 years is 0.5, for children aged 4~5 years less than 0.6, and for children aged 6 years and over is 0.7), (2) if the eye position is normal or the residual strabismus degree is less than 5˚, after the strabismus amblyopia is cured, (3) hyperopia dioptre ≤1.00 ds (3 years ≤ + 2.00 ds, 4~5 years + 1.50 ds), (4) hyperopic Astigmatism + 0.50 DC, 4 indexes. 2) The concept of recurrent amblyopia, We Believe: Amblyopia recurrence is after treatment amblyopia, Corrected vision was improved to ≥ 0.9 (International Standard Vision) Or the naked eye vision improved to ≥ 1.0, His eyesight is failing again, after mydriasis optometry with compound tropicamide or atropine, it was proved that the diopter was obviously increased, that is, the recurrence of amblyopia. Stages of amblyopia recurrence: we believe that according to the different stages of treatment of amblyopia in children, Amblyopia recurrence should be divided into three stages, namely: After basic cure, amblyopia recurred, Amblyopia recurred after recovery and after lens removal. 3) The problem of myopia after amblyopia recovery or lens removal in children, we advocate early detection and prompt treatment of pseudomyopia, Prevent the formation of true myopia. 4) Treatment of the problem of age limitation we believe that: Amblyopia treatment can be started at the age of 21/2, the best age is 2~6, 7~12 is the right age, but 13~18-year-old children amblyopia do not easily give up treatment. 5) The problem of ending treatment, we Believe: The treatment of hyperopic amblyopia in children is the safest after taking off lens. The rate of vision regression was lowest. And myopic amblyopia, basic cure or after cure can end treatment.
文摘As the photo-dissociation product of methanol on the TIO2（110） surface, the diffusion and desorption processes of formaldehyde （HCHO） were investigated by using scanning tunneling microscope （STM） and density functional theory （DFT）. The molecular-level images revealed the HCHO molecules could diffuse and desorb on the surface at 80 K under UV laser irra- diation. The diffusion was found to be mediated by hydrogen adatoms nearby, which were produced from photodissociation of methanol. Diffusion of HCHO was significantly decreased when there was only one H alatom near the HCHO molecule. Furthermore, single HCHO molecule adsorbed on the bare Ti02（l10） surface was quite stable, little photo-desorption was observed during laser irradiation. The mechanism of hydroxyl groups assisted diffusion of formaldehyde was also investigated using theoretical calculations.
文摘Adsorption experiment from aqueous solutions containing known amount of Cr （chromium） using chitosan was explored to evaluate the efficiency of chitosan as sorbent for Cr. Some variable parameters such as pH, reaction time and chitosan dosage were optimized. Under the optimum experiment condition, the effect of common ions on the adsorption of Cr （i.e., Na^＋, K^＋, Mg^2＋, Ca^2＋ for Cr（Ⅲ）, and Cl^-, NO3^-, SO4^2- for Cr（Ⅵ）） was also investigated. Furthermore, the sorption mechanism of Cr by chitosan was investigated by applying Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations to the data obtained. In addition, to confirm the characteristics of the chitosan, the surface morphology of the biomass was determined by SEM （scanning electron microscope） and specific surface area analyzer （N2-BET （Brunaeur, Emmet and Teller））. Consequently, the following matters have been mainly clarified： （1） chitosan can be an efficient sorbent for Cr （both Cr（Ⅲ） and Cr（Ⅵ））; （2） the effect of common ions on the adsorption ofCr （Cr（Ⅲ） and Cr（Ⅵ）） was not significant under this experimental conditions; （3） adsorption isotherms using the chitosan can be generally described by Langmuir isotherm more satisfactorily for Cr. The adsorption may have occurred mainly by monolayer reaction; （4） the rates of adsorption were found to conform to pseudo-second order kinetics.
文摘Objective: To study the feasibility and effects of disc resection in patients with extremely-lateral disc herrniation (ELDH) with microendoscopic tubular retractor (METRx) through intertransversal route. Methods: In the period from March 2000 to December 2002, 9 patients with ELDH underwent disc resection with METRx system through intratransversal route and the clinical outcome was evaluated with Nakai standard. Results: The operation time ranged from 60 to 120 min with an average of 75 min; the blood loss ranged from 50 to 120 ml with an average of 60 ml; and the hospitalization time ranged from 5 to 19 d with an average of 13 d. No wound infection, neurological damages, pseudomeningocele or other complications occurred. The rate of excellent and good outcome was 88.9%. Conclusion: Disc removal in patients with ELDH can be done with METRx system and satisfactory results are obtained.
文摘In order to provide a new utilization method for cadmium-contaminated rice,a preliminary study of the removal of rice starch cadmium by water,calcium hydroxide,sodium hydroxide and citric acid was conducted,the damage degree of starch was compared by SEM,and then the recombinant rice was obtained by a twin-screw extruder using the starch which met the safety standard.The physical and chemical properties of recombinant rice were analyzed by acid hydrolysis and texture analyzer.The results showed that citric acid was a good rice cadmium removal agent.The quality of recombinant rice prepared from cadmium-removed rice starch was improved;the acid resistance was increased.Heavy metal contaminated rice can be a staple food with better quality and higher value through processing.
文摘Partially or fully regenerated catalytic cracking catalysts were prepared by gasifying the coke deposited on coked catalysts with a gaseous mixture of oxygen and steam in a fixed fluidized bed （FFB）. The resultant samples were characterized by different methods such as the nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis, the X-ray diffractometry, the infrared spectroscopy, the ammonia temperature-programmed desorption （NH3-TPD） method, the X-ray fluorescence （XRF） analysis, the transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （TEM-EDX）, the thermal-gravimetric analysis （TGA） and the differential thermal analysis （DTA）. The results showed that exposure of catalyst to steam for about 10 minutes at temperature ≥ 800 ℃ could not cause too much destruction of the catalysts, and an amount of coke equating to about 0.27 m% was enough to block approximately all acid sites in micro-pores of the zeolite catalyst. Coke didn＇t show equal reactivity during coke burning-off that could be accelerated by the catalytic action of nearby metal atoms. However, when the carbon content on the catalyst reached about 2.44 m%, the catalytic action of metals on the catalyst was not evident. The severe thermal and hydrothermal environment during exposure of the catalyst to steam at a temperature in the range of about 860--880 ℃ for 30 minutes could lead to collapse of pore structure and transformation of crystal phase and consequently decrease of the surface area and acid amount on the catalyst.
