谈脱阳与脱阴的证治

李培生老中医系湖北中医学院教授,全国知名伤寒专家。本文介绍作者所治病例四则,以说明《难经》所载“脱阳者见鬼,脱阴者目盲”二证的证候和病机等要旨。

性林宝典性猝死

性狸死也就是中医所说的“脱阳症”，是一种严重的房事意外，可导致病人猝死。从现代科学来看，性生活时，人体的神经系统处于高度兴奋状态，体内肾上腺素能激素分泌增多，引起肌肉血管收缩，心跳加快，血压升高。有心脏病和高血压的病人极容易出现意外，如脑血管破裂或急性心肌梗塞而发生死亡。不过以往一般不用性猝死这个名词，而冠以其它的并发症。而脱阳症指那些房事过频、过度，或滥用壮阳药物而企图延长或增加性快感，而引发的病人阳气固脱，其表现为大汗不止，四肢咧冷，或眩晕虚脱，或胸闷发紧，或四肢抽搐不省人事等。脱阳症有暴脱和缓脱之分，在房事过程中的猝死，叫暴脱；在事后引起的死亡叫缓脱。

Support Effects on Thiophene Hydrodesulfurization over Co-Mo-Ni/Al_2O_3 and Co-Mo-Ni/TiO_2-Al_2O_3 Catalysts

A carbon-based sulfonated catalyst was prepared by direct sulfonation and carbonization （in moderate conditions：200 ＆#176;C, 12 h） of red liquor solids, a by-product of paper-making process. The prepared sulfonated cata-lyst （SC） had aromatic structure, composed of carbon enriched inner core, and oxygen-containing （SO3H, COOH, OH） groups enriched surface. The SO3H, COOH, OH groups amounted to 0.74 mmol·g^-1, 0.78 mmol·g^-1, 2.18 mmol·g^-1, respectively. The fresh SC showed much higher catalytic activity than that of the traditional solid acid catalysts （strong-acid 732 cation exchange resin, hydrogen type zeolite socony mobile-five （HZSM-5）, sulfated zir-conia） in esterification of oleic acid. SC was deactivated during the reactions, through the mechanisms of leaching of sulfonated species and formation of sulfonate esters. Two regeneration methods were developed, and the catalytic activity can be mostly regenerated by regeneration Method 1 and be fully regenerated by regeneration Method 2, respectively.

φ-pH diagram of As-N-Na-H_2O system for arsenic removal during alkaline pressure oxidation leaching of lead anode slime

In order to illustrate the thermodynamic characteristics of arsenic during alkaline pressure oxidation leaching process oflead anode slime(NaNO3as oxidant;NaOH as alkaline reagent),theφ-pH diagrams of As-Na-H2O,N-H2O,As-N-Na-H2Osystems at ionic mass concentration of0.1mol/kg and temperatures of298,373,423and473K were established according tothermodynamic calculation.The results show that the existence forms of arsenic are associated with pH value,which mainly exists inthe forms of H3AsO4,24H AsO-,24HAsO-,H2AsO2-and As2O3in lower pH region,while it mainly exists in the form of3AsO4-when pH>11.14.High alkali concentration and high temperature are advantageous to the arsenic leaching.The alkaline pressureoxidation leaching experiments display that the tendency of arsenic leaching rate confirms the thermodynamic analysis resultsobtained from theφ-pH diagrams of As-N-Na-H2O system,and the highest leaching rate of arsenic reaches95.85%at453K.

On the Electric Conductivity of Homoionic Montmorillonites at Low Water Content

Bibliographic reports on the electric conductivity of pure homoionic montmorillonite at low water content were analyzed in order to stress a general behavior of conductivity. At low water content, the conductivity is attributed to a mechanism of charge transport involving protons due to the influence of the electric field of the exchangeable cations on water molecules at the solvation shell. Conductivity was analyzed in relation with the polarizing power （ionic potential） of the exchangeable cations and with the influence of the connectivity within samples. The general conclusion stressed is that the connectivity due to the association between 2：1 unit layers （clay fabric） is the main factor on the experimental or ＂macroscopic＂ electric conductivity of pure homoionic montmorillonite at low water content. Considerations on the experimental conditions of different bibliographic reports were also made. The conclusion and the considerations made on experimental conditions are a good starting point for future researches on electric conductivity ofhomoionic montmorillonite at low water content.

Desalination by Simple Solar Distiller Assisted by a Heat Pump

The increase in the population of Tunisia and the industrial development posed with acuity during the end of the major problems. Without contribution of additional resources, water will then be likely to be done increasingly rare. The solar still is a small production system, yielding on average 2-5 L/day. In this study we propose a solar distiller assisted by a heat pump. The design of this distiller uses for the evaporation of water and its condensation two phenomena are studied Simple Solar Distiller （SSD） and Simple Solar Still Distiller Hybrid with heat Pump （SSDHP）. The performance is less than 2 L/mVday and a performance of 30% for the SSD. But the SSDHP is 12 L/m2/day, the energetic efficiency reaches 90%.

Effect of cations on thermal properties of montmorillonite

Based on comparison and analysis on structural cations of montmorillonite in bentonite samples collected from several typical areas in Jilin Province, relationships among type and quantity of interlayer/tetrahedral/octahedral cations and temperature and activation energy of removal of bound and hydroxyl water were investigated. The results show that the interlayer cations not only play decisive roles on removal temperature of bound water, but also influence dehydroxylation temperature and activation energy of montmorillonite. Type of octahedral cations also has an effect on dehydroxylation process.

舞在墙上的美丽风景

盛夏时节,行走在城市硬朗框架间的你,是否遗落了曾经隐匿在心中的怀想?红酒煮歌,朦胧烟雨中淡淡的孤独与忧伤又何曾在炎夏里流淌?有一种神奇的纸张,可以装点你的过往,可以溶解你的愁思,当你触摸到它的时候,它能让你思绪飘荡,任意徜徉。

Yin Yang 1(YY1) synergizes with Smad7 to inhibit TGF-β signaling in the nucleus

As a prototype of the TGF-β superfamily cytokines, TGF-β is well known for its diverse roles in embryogenesis and adult tis- sue homeostasis. TGF-β evokes cellular responses by signaling mainly through cell membrane receptors and transcription fac- tor R-Smads and Co-Smad （Smad4）, while an inhibitory Smad, Smad7, acts as a critical negative regulator of TGF-β signaling. Smad7 antagonizes TGF-β signaling by regulating the stability or activity of the receptors or blocking the DNA binding of the functional R-Smad-Smad4 complex in the nucleus. However, the function of Smad7 in the nucleus is not fully understood. Yin Yang 1 （YY1） is a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor with multiple functions. It has been reported that YY1 can inhib- it Smad-dependent transcriptional responses and TGF-β/BMP-induced cell differentiation independently of its DNA binding ability. In this study, we found that Smad7 interacts with YY1 and the interaction is attenuated by TGF-β signaling. Reporter assays and target gene expression analyses revealed that Smad7 and YY1 act in concert to inhibit TGF-β-induced transcription in the nucleus. Furthermore, Smad7 could enhance the interaction of YY1 with the histone deacetylase HDAC1. Consistently, YY 1 and HDAC 1 augmented the transcription repression activity of Smad7 in Gal4-1uciferase reporter analysis. Therefore, our findings define a novel mechanism of Smad7 and YY1 to antagonize TGF-β signaling.

Cation-diffusion controlled formation of thin graphene oxide composite membranes for efficient ethanol dehydration

Structural manipulation of graphene oxide (GO) building blocks has been widely researched. Concerning GO membranes for separation applications, the validity and maintenance of their microscopic structures in the chemical environment are pivotal for effective separation at the molecular scale. Cationic interactions with both aromatic rings and oxygenated functional groups of GO make metal ions intriguing for physically and chemically structural reinforcement. By filtrating GO suspension through the substrate loaded with cations, stacking o f GO nanosheets and diffusion of cations steadily evolve simultaneously in an aqueous environment without flocculation. Thus, thin and homogeneous GO membrane is obtained. Divalent and monovalent cations were studied regarding their interactions with GO, and the performance of correspondingly functionalized membranes was evaluated. The divalent cation-stabilized membranes have favorable stability in the separation of water/ethanol. This facile fabrication and functionalization method may also be applicable for structure construction of other two-dimensional materials.