80%氟虫腈水分散粒剂等药剂防治稻纵卷叶螟药效试验

80%氟虫腈水分散粒剂和2.5%溴氰菊酯乳油于水稻稻纵卷叶螟卵孵高峰期即水稻倒2～3叶叶片上出现短线条时用药防治,有较好的防治效果,且对水稻安全。使用80%氟虫腈水分散粒剂45～60g/hm2、2.5%溴氰菊酯乳油1 200mL/hm2、5%锐劲特悬浮剂750mL/hm2、20%三唑磷乳油1 425mL/hm2,防虫效果均达90%以上,保叶效果均达80%以上。

22.5%达嗪·氟腈水乳剂防治水稻纵卷叶螟效果初探

受江苏省太仓市长江化工厂委托，我们进行了22．5％达嗪·氟腈水乳剂防治水稻纵卷叶螟效果试验，并结合本地常规防治用药进行对照，以探索该药剂在本地推广的可行性，现将试验结果简介如下。

1.5万吨/年丁腈橡胶装置腈水提浓系统改造技术应用

本文介绍了1.5万吨/年丁腈橡胶装置腈水提浓系统技术改造及应用情况。改造主要是通过对脱气回收后腈水中丙烯腈和水充分分离所用时间的计算,对新装置腈水提浓系统进行工艺改造,使丙烯腈和水充分分离,解决原装置遗留的问题,稳定工艺操作,降低装置的物耗。

80%氟虫腈水分散粒剂防治水稻二化螟田间药效试验

80%氟虫腈水分散粒剂对水稻二化螟有较好的防治效果,防治水稻二化螟时应在其低龄幼虫高峰期,用36g/hm2(有效成分)对水675kg/hm2细水均匀喷雾,在二化螟中等偏重以上发生时适宜用量有待进一步研究。

50%氟啶虫胺腈水分散粒剂防治棉花烟粉虱效果试验

在棉田进行50%氟啶虫胺腈水分散粒剂对棉花烟粉虱的防效试验,结果表明:50%氟啶虫胺腈水分散粒剂采用50 g/hm^2、75 g/hm^2、100 g/hm^2 3个施用量对棉田烟粉虱均具有较好的防效,药后1 d防效达到70%,药后7 d防效达到90%,药后14 d药效为70%以上,该药剂防治棉花烟粉虱具有速效性和一定的药效持久性。

乙腈与水的体积比对SDBS掺杂PPY的微观形貌与导电性的影响研究

以FeCl3为氧化剂,SDBS为掺杂剂,乙腈和水为混合溶剂,通过化学氧化法合成了导电聚吡咯。FT-IR和XRD表征结果表明SDBS掺杂到了吡咯环上,所合成的PPY产物为非晶态结构。在此基础上,重点研究了腈水比对PPY产物的微观形貌、产量和导电性的影响。结果表明,PPY产物的微观形貌直接受腈水比的影响,可通过调控腈水比来调控PPY产物的微观形貌为絮状、颗粒状、片状等形态。在0∶10~6∶4的范围内,随着腈水比的增大,PPY的产量逐渐降低;在0∶10~2∶8的腈水比范围内,PPY的电导率随腈水比的增大而增大,在2∶8~6∶4的腈水比范围内,PPY的电导率随腈水比的增大而减小。

氟啶虫胺腈防治棉花蚜虫田间药效试验

为明确美国陶氏益农公司生产的50%氟啶虫胺腈水分散粒剂在新疆棉花上防治蚜虫的效果,2014年在兵团共青团和一二六团进行了田间药效试验。试验结果表明,该药剂5 g/667m2剂量处理对棉花蚜虫具有较好的防治效果,药后5 d对蚜虫的防效在96.5%~99.8%,药后7 d防效在98.9%~100%,药后14 d防效在99.6%以上。说明50%氟啶虫胺腈防治蚜虫的速效性和持效性均较好,对棉花生长和田间天敌安全。

改进丙烯腈回收系统 稳定丁腈橡胶聚合工艺

介绍15 kt/a丁腈橡胶装置回收丙烯腈系统工艺改造情况。改造后回收的丙烯腈水能够充分分离,得到浓度大于90%的丙烯腈,避免回收丙烯腈水中的阻聚成分对聚合反应工艺的影响,保证聚合反应活性,稳定聚合工艺,提高产品质量。同时降低装置的物耗,减轻环境污染,达到预期的目的。

半固态处理中球晶形成与演化的直接观察

采用丁二腈水透明模型合金 ,通过实时观察技术对半固态处理过程中的组织形成及演化机理进行了研究。结果表明 ,球晶是由液相形核长大产生的 ,而非由传统形成机制———断裂枝晶钝化控制 ;并且半固态处理过程中剪切速率显著影响球晶的形成和分布。随着搅动速率提高 ,球化率逐步降低 ,当搅动速率足够高时 ,无球化发生 ;同时 ,球化率对搅动速率的突变非常敏感 ,搅动速率的突变容易造成球晶的大量形核生长。

Evidence That the Auxin Signaling Pathway Interacts with Plant Stress Response

Auxin influences a variety of developmental and physiological processes. Early reports, suggested that auxin might affect plant stress response. We have identified a number of auxin responsive genes in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. by using cDNA an-ay and found that stress responsive genes, such as,Arabidopsis homolog of MEK kinase 1 (ATMEKK1), ReL/SpoT homolog 3 ( At-RSH3), Catalase 1 ( Cat1) and Ferritin 1 (Fer1), were down-regulated by auxin, indicating that auxin regulates ale expression of stress responsive genes. We also demonstrated that nitrilase genes, nitrilase I ( NIT]) and nitrilase 2 (NIT2) involving in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis, were induced by salinity stress, suggesting that the level of IAA might increase in response to salinity stress. To dissect the signal pathway involved in the interaction, two auxin insensitive mutants, auxin resistant 2 (axr2) and auxin resistant 1-3 (axrl-3) were used. Stress responsive genes were induced by salt stress in wild type and axr2, but not in axr1-3. The result suggests that die interaction between auxin and stress responses may be linked in the ubiquitin pathway.

HPLC Determination of Harpagoside and Cinnamic Acid in Radix Scrophulariae

A gradient HPLC method was established for the determination of harpagoside and cinnamic acid in Radix Scrophulariae (Xuanshen) and a proposition was put forward for the lowest content of the characteristic and active constituent (harpagoside) for qualified Radix Scrophulariae. The experimental conditions were as follows: Ultrasphere ODS column (250 mm 4.6 mm, 5 mm), mobile phase: acetonitrile-water (containing 1.0% acetic acid) (20:8050:50) (20 min), flow-rate 1 mLmin-1, room temperature, detection wavelength 278 nm. Twenty-eight samples of Xuan-shen (Radix Scrophulariae) from different districts of China were analyzed and the contents of harpagoside and cinnamic acid in Xuan-shen were 0.041~0.244% and 0.012~0.068% respectively. The recoveries (RSD)% were 97.13(0.80)% for harpagoside and 99.38(0.51)% for cinnamic acid. The method is simple and accurate. It can be used for the quality control of Radix Scrophulariae. We propose that the content of harpagoside in qualified Radix Scrophularia should be no less than 0.05%.

The Degradation of FB1 in Aqueous Acetonitrile and Corn Following γ-ray Irradiation

To investigate the degradation of FB1 in aqueous acetonitrile and corn af-ter γ-ray irradiation, the radiolytic products of FB1 was detected preliminarily. The results showed that γ-ray irradiation could degrade FB1 in aqueous acetonitrile;When the radiation dose was below 9 kGy, the degradation of FB1 in corn was not significant. The degradation rates of FB1 with concentrations of 0.8 mg/ml, 10.0 μg/ml, 1.0 μg/ml and 50 ng/ml after irradiation at 9 kGy were 22.5%, 51.0%, 59.0% and 64.8% respectively; when irradiation dose was increased to 100 kGy, the degrada-tion rate of FB1 with concentration of 0.8 mg/ml was up to 90%, and it was nearly 100% when irradiation dose was increased to 200 kGy. No representative products of FB1 were detected by LC/MS/MS analysis.

不同新农药防治第五代褐飞虱试验

30%速虱灵乳油、25%先净悬浮剂、25%哒嗪.氟腈水乳剂、40%卡斯它乳油4种农药及其组配防治晚稻褐飞虱试验,药后10d、15d调查,在2006年褐飞虱大发生情况下,参试药剂均表现一定的速效性和防治效果。其中30%速虱灵1500mL/hm2加40%卡斯它1200mL/hm2、22.5%哒嗪.氟腈水乳剂1 500mL/hm2、25%先净300mL/hm2加40%卡斯它1 200mL/hm2等3个试验药量可用于防治稻飞虱。

40%氟啶虫胺腈·乙基多杀菌素水分散粒剂防治水稻纵卷叶螟和飞虱田间药效

40%氟啶虫胺腈·乙基多杀菌素水分散粒剂对水稻纵卷叶螟及水稻褐飞虱的田间药效试验结果表明,在供试浓度处理范围内,其对水稻纵卷叶螟的防治68.46%~94.35%;对水稻飞虱在药后1天、3天、7天、14天时的防治分别为63.75%~83.69%、75.12%~93.57%、81.10%~95.77%和81.48%~96.07%。该结果显示,40%氟啶虫胺腈·乙基多杀菌素水分散粒剂对水稻上的两种重要害虫均表现出了较好防效。而在试验期间,也未发现其影响水稻的生长与安全,可以大面积推广应用。

对苯二甲酸的生产方法及展望

对苯二甲酸（TPA）用途广泛，主要用于生产聚酯树脂，聚酯纤维、薄膜、绝缘漆、工程塑料、增塑剂、染料中间体、聚酯切片、长短涤纶纤维、家禽饲料添加剂等，是一种重要的工业化学品。对苯二甲酸与乙二醇（EG）缩聚得聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（PET），用作聚酯纤维原料。三大合作纤维的主要原料中TPA的增长率最大，约为其他原料的3～4倍，

Deactivation Kinetics of Nitrile Hydratase in Free Resting Cells

Nitrile hydratase (NHase) is an important industrial enzyme used for acrylamide production from acrylonitrile.The deactivation kinetics of NHases in free resting cells of Rhodococcus sp.was presented based on a bi-steady state assumption.Effects of hydration temperature,product concentration and substrate concentration on NHase deactivation were investigated experimentally and correlated with a first order deactivation kinetics.The results showed that the hydration temperature and product concentration were major factors governing the deactivation of NHases under substrate-feeding conditions.When acrylamide concentration was higher than 250 g·L1,the deactivation of NHases became serious and the bi-steady state assumption was not applicable.When the hydration temperature was controlled at a relatively higher level such as 28°C,the total deactivation rate constant was about 2.8-fold of that at 20°C.

Thermosensitive Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylonitrile) Hydrogels with Rapid Response

Acrylonitrile (AN) was copolymerized with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) to synthesize thermosensitive hy-drogels, and the on-off switch behavior of poly(NIPA-co-AN) hydrogels with different fraction of hydrophobic compo-nent (AN) was investigated. It is found that the lower critical solution temperature (LCST), the swelling ratio at certain temperature and the reswelling rate of poly(NIPA-co-AN) hydrogels decreased as AN unit fraction in copolymers in-creased. In order to improve the responsive rate of poly(NIPA-co-AN) hydrogels, they were further treated by surface crosslinking using N, N′-methylene bisacrylamide (BIS) as a crosslinking agent. The swelling and deswelling behaviors of these copolymers were compared with those of the untreated hydrogels. The results indicated that the responsive rate of poly(NIPA-co-AN) hydrogel was improved by surface crosslinking. The resulting hydrogels bearing cyano groups with fast response have potential applications in the field of drug-controlled release and immobilization of biomolecules.

Inducing Expression and Reaction Characteristic of Nitrile Hydratase from Rhodococcus sp. SHZ-1

Inducing expression and the reaction characteristic of nitrile hydratase （NHase） from Rhodococcus sp. SHZ-1 were investigated. The results showed that the expression of NHase was greatly enhanced with the cooperation of acrylonitrile and ammonium chloride as inducer in the medium and the specific activity of NHase was increased of 44%. Then the temperature, pH, concentration of acrylonitrile and acrylamide were evaluated, which affected the activity and reaction characteristic of NHase. It was found that the temperature and concentration of acrylarnide were the most important factors for the catalyzation of NHase. The optimal catalysis temperature of NHase from Rhodococcus sp. SHZ-1 was 30℃, and the activation energy of the hydration of NHase was 90.2kJ·mol^-1 in the temperature range from 5℃ to 30℃. Kmof NHase was 0.095mol·L^-1 using acrylonitrile（AN） as substrate, and NHase activity was inhibited seriously when acrylonitrile concentration was up to 40g·L^-1, the substrate inhibition constant Ki is 0.283mol·L^-1. Moreover, the NHase from Rhodococcus sp. SHZ-1 had very strong tolerance to acrylamide, in which the final concentration of acrylamide reached to 642g·L^-1 and the residual activity of NHase still maintained 8.6% of the initial enzyme activity.

Adsorption of Acrylonitrile on Some Soils and Minerals from Aqueous Solutions

Equilibrium and kinetic studies have been made on the adsorption of acrylonitrile(CH2= CHCN) on three soils and four minerals from aqueous solutions. It was shown that the organic matter was the major factor affecting the adsorption process in the soils. The conformity of the equilibrium data to linear type(one soil) and Langmuir type(two soils) isotherms indicated that different mechanisms were involved in the adsorption. This behavior appears to be related to the hydrophobicity of soil organic matter due to their composition and E4/ E6 ratio of humic acids. The adsorption kinetics were also different among the soils, indicating the difference in porosity of organic matter among the soils, and the kinetics strongly affected the adsorption capacity of soils for acrylonitrile.Acrylonitrile was slightly adsorbed from aqueous solutions on pyrophyllite with electrically neutral and hydrophobic nature, and practically not on montmorillonite and kaolinite saturated with Ca. However, much higher adsorption occurred on the zeolitized coal ash, probably caused by high organic carbon content(1 07g/ kg).

Environmental Problems From Tea Cultivation in Japan and a Control Measure Using Calcium Cyanamide

A field experiment, involving lime N (calcium cyanamide, CaCN2) fertilization as a control measure, was conducted to study environmental problems induced by long-term heavy N application in Japanese tea fields. Long-term tea cultivation caused serious soil acidification. Seventy-seven percent of the 70 tea fields investigated had soil pH values below 4.0, and 9% below 3.0, with the lowest value of 2.7. Moreover, excess N application in tea fields put a threat to plant growth, induced serious nitrate contamination to local water, and caused high nitrous oxide loss. Compared with the conventional high N application treatment (1100 kg N ha-1) without lime N, the low N application (400 kg N ha-1) with calcium cyanamide effectively stopped soil acidification as well as achieved the same or slightly higher levels in tea yield and in total N and amino acid contents of tea shoots. The application of calcium cyanamide could be a suitable fertilization for the prevention of environmental problems in tea cultivation.