黄土高原油松纯林腐殖层土壤对10种植物的化感效应

采集黄土高原丘陵区和残塬区典型油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)纯林和荒地腐殖层土壤对10种常见植物进行盆栽试验,跟踪测定植物种子萌发、幼苗生长和生理活性等指标。结果表明:丘陵区油松纯林土壤显著抑制苜蓿(Medicago sativa)和草木樨(Melilotus of ficinalis)种子萌发,显著降低紫穗槐(Amorphafraticosa)、苜蓿和毛苕子(Vicia villosa)的苗高、根长和生物量生长,以及紫穗槐和草木樨的叶片叶绿素含量、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,且显著提高刺槐(Robiniapseudoacacia)、胡枝子(Leapedeza bicolor)、毛苕子和沙打旺(Astragalusadsurgens)叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量。残塬区油松纯林土壤显著抑制沙棘和苜蓿种子萌发,以及胡枝子、小冠花(Coronilla varia)和苜蓿的苗高和生物量生长,降低了草木樨、苜蓿的叶绿素含量和柠条(Caragana korshinskii)、草木樨的CAT活性,显著提高柠条、紫穗槐、小冠花和毛苕子的MDA含量。表明黄土丘陵区油松纯林腐殖层土壤对紫穗槐、苜蓿、草木樨、毛苕子、刺槐和沙打旺以及黄土残塬区油松纯林腐殖层土壤对沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides)、苜蓿、和沙打旺综合表现为化感抑制作用。

油松、侧柏和落叶松林腐殖层土壤对药用植物的化感效应

为了选择黄土高原林下适宜种植的药材植物,采集当地3种针叶林腐殖质层土壤作为培养基质对11种药材植物进行盆栽试验,研究林地土壤对药材植物生长及生理的化感作用,结果表明:白芷(Angelica dahurica)、远志(Polygala tenuifolia)、南星(Arisaema heterophyllum)、柴胡(Bupleurum chinense)、板蓝根(Isatis tinctoria)和射干(Belamcanda chinensis)在油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)林地腐殖质土壤中受到显著化感抑制,应避免种植于油松林下;射干、南星、桔梗(Platycodon grandiflorus)、板蓝根、甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis)和柴胡在侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)林土壤中受到显著抑制,应避免种植于侧柏林下;南星、射干、板蓝根和远志在落叶松(Larix principis-rupprechtii)林土壤中受到显著抑制,应避免种植于落叶松林下。

Influence of main site factors on Fraxinus mandshurica (Oleaceae) plantation

the investigation was carried out on 10-year-old plantation of Fraxinus mandshurica in Mao抏r Mountain Experimental Station of Northeast Forest University. Tree height (H), diameter at breast height (D1.3) and the increment of tree height in 5 years (H5), the thickness of humus layer, as well as the soil moisture were measured for the plantation and the growth indexes (H, D1.3, H5) for different site conditions were analyzed. The results showed that main site factors influencing the growth of Fraxinus mandshurica were soil moisture, gradient and location of slope in order. The growth of Fraxinus mandshurica was better on the middle- or up-slope site than on the down-slope site. Soil moisture and late frost caused by terrain are the main reasons that limit the growth of Fraxinus mandshurica plantation.