热腐条件下矩形板式天然橡胶支座剪压性能研究

为研究热腐条件下公路桥梁板式天然橡胶支座剪压性能,设计将一批天然橡胶支座置于恒温鼓风干燥箱中,控制一定的温度与湿度,分别进行20d、40d、60d、80d和100d的处理,模拟我国西北地区高温干燥环境对天然橡胶支座的影响,对处理后的试件进行剪压试验,并对其外观尺寸、极限承载力、极限抗剪强度、水平等效刚度及抗剪弹性模量等指标进行对比分析。试验表明热腐处理时间越长,试件出现局部破坏的现象越明显,变形越大,越容易发生脆性破坏,极限抗剪强度、抗剪弹性模量等指标下降的越快。通过对试验结果的对比分析,运用最小二乘法建立极限抗剪强度及抗剪弹性模量的衰减模型基本符合指数函数规律。

腐生丝状嗜热真菌分泌的嗜热纤维素水解酶研究进展

腐生丝状嗜热真菌是微生物中极重要的一个类群,大多数嗜热真菌能在常温及高温条件下生存。腐生丝状嗜热真菌分泌的嗜热酶具有优良的热稳定性以及酶活力,在工业生产中具有广阔的应用前景。本文对腐生丝状嗜热真菌分泌的三种主要嗜热纤维素水解酶在工业方面的应用、分子领域的研究现状予以综述,为嗜热纤维素水解酶在生物技术上的应用提供基础。

托里消毒散与柴胡清肝汤干预热盛肉腐证化脓性非哺乳期乳腺炎初期的随机对照研究

目的观察托里消毒散与柴胡清肝汤治疗热盛肉腐证化脓性非哺乳期乳腺炎(NPM)的临床疗效及对相关血清免疫炎症指标的影响。方法采用随机、对照、单盲研究方法,将72例热盛肉腐证化脓性NPM初期患者采用区组随机分为试验组和对照组,每组36例,试验组内服托里消毒散治疗,对照组内服柴胡清肝汤治疗,疗程均为28天。入组第1~28天,每14天清晨抽取空腹血,测量肿块大小,记录脓肿形成及皮肤破溃程度。结果试验组治疗第14天较对照组脓肿范围更大,脓肿表面溃破数量及程度更严重(P<0.05);治疗28天,试验组肿块缩小程度、红细胞沉降率(ESR)下降水平优于对照组(P<0.05)。化脓性NPM初期患者免疫功能紊乱,表现为血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、补体(C)4、T淋巴细胞亚群CD3^(+)和CD4^(+)、调节T淋巴细胞(Treg)以及CD19^(+)B淋巴细胞(CD19^(+))异常升高,C3、活化人类白细胞Ⅱ类抗原DR(HLA-DR)T淋巴细胞以及自然杀伤(NK)细胞异常降低,两组治疗后异常指标水平均趋于正常,试验组对HLA-DR T细胞的调节作用更强(P<0.05)。结论与柴胡清肝汤比较,托里消毒散在促进化脓性NPM初期肿块缩小、抗炎及免疫调节方面作用更好。

从“五辨”探讨“热蒸肉腐”的内涵及临床意义

“热蒸肉腐”是痈核心病机之一。历代医家常将其解释为热毒伤血,存在片面性。“五辨”思维(辨人、辨症、辨病、辨证、辨机)是把握整体性、动态性、个体化特征的当代中医诊断新路径。文章基于“五辨”思维,提出辨人明确痈的易感性因素,以助健康管理;辨症把握痈发病、加重的外在条件,明确“热”之源、“热”之性,客观化呈现痈“热”的阶段、程度;辨病以察“热蒸肉腐”所致中西疾病范围,助于锁定病理阶段;辨证以识“热蒸肉腐”病位、病性,证的兼杂主次,动态演变等阶段性特征,准确制定治则治法;辨机以探“热蒸肉腐”内在机制,预判传变趋势,提前干预。以系统科学为指引,探讨“热蒸肉腐”病机内涵,以期对痈临床诊治有所裨益。

甘蔗渣堆肥化处理及用作团花育苗基质的研究

云南省热区是我国甘蔗的主产区之一,存在大量的甘蔗渣,为寻求其无害化、资源化高效利用,采用不同堆肥方式及不同物料配比等因素设计基质配方,开展了适合云南热区速生阔叶树种团花育苗基质的试验研究。结果表明,甘蔗渣堆肥化处理用作育苗基质,甘蔗渣的配比高达90%,基质中养分如速效磷、速效钾、交换性钙的含量均能满足团花苗木营养需求。在甘蔗渣堆肥化处理过程中,C/N呈下降趋势,基质中总N含量有明显的下降阶段,而其他养分速效磷、速效钾、交换性钙含量呈增加趋势。在基质育苗试验中,试验中期时不同基质对团花苗高、地径、根幅、主根长、侧根数、地上部干物质积累、地下部干物质积累的影响不显著。试验末期,不同基质对团花的苗高、根幅的影响显著,对地径、侧根数的影响达到极显著水平。13#基质是培育热区珍贵速生阔叶树种团花的理想基质,其次是6#基质。

Hot corrosion characteristics of Ni-20Cr-18W superalloy in molten salt

The hot corrosion behavior of a Ni?20Cr?18W (mass fraction, %) superalloy in the mixture of 75%Na 2 SO 4?25%NaCl melts at 700 and 800 °C was studied. The results demonstrate that the alloy suffers from serious hot corrosion attack in the mixture molten salt. Meanwhile, the degradation of the substrate accelerates with increasing the corrosion temperature. The corrosion layer has an obvious duplex microstructure, and the Cr-depletion zone is detected obviously nearby the inner corrosion layer. The main corrosion products at 700 and 800 °C are almost the same and mainly include NiO, Cr2O3and Ni3S2, but a trace amount of NiCrO2 is detected at 800 °C for 20 h. The hot corrosion mechanism and formation mechanism of corrosion scales of the Ni?20Cr?18W superalloy in the molten salt are proposed.

Hot corrosion behavior of Ni-xCr-6.8Al based alloys

The hot corrosion behaviors of as-cast and preoxidized Ni-xCr-6.8Al based alloys in the mixture of Na2SO4＋25% NaCl at 873 K were studied. The results show that the mass loss of Ni-xCr-6.8Al based alloys decreases with the increase of Cr content. Preoxidation improves the resistance to corrosion regardless of the concentration of Cr. The kinetics of as-cast Ni-12Cr-6.8Al and Ni-16Cr-6.8Al based alloys fits the parabolic law well, while that of the as-cast Ni-20Cr-6.8Al based alloy fits the power law. The kinetics of all the preoxidized samples obey the logarithmic law. The mechanism of the as-cast alloys can be well explained by the acid-base melting model. The behavior of the preoxidized alloys is found to be mainly determined by the properties of the oxide layer formed during the preoxidation to a large extend.

Hot corrosion behavior of Ni–16Cr–xAl based alloys in mixture of Na_2SO_4-NaCl at 600 ℃

The hot corrosion behaviors of Ni–16Cr–xAl（x=4.5%, 6.8%, 9.0%, mass fraction） based alloys in Na2SO4–25% NaCl molten salts at 600 °C were investigated. The effects of pre-oxidation and Al content on the resistance to hot corrosion were examined. The hot corrosion resistance of Ni–16Cr–xAl based alloy with Al addition from 4.5% to 9.0% increases with increasing Al content. The alloy with Al content of 9.0% shows the highest hot corrosion resistance among the examined alloys because more β–NiAl phases are obtained to sustain the Al2O3 scale repaired during hot corrosion. Pre-oxidized specimens have a superior hot corrosion resistance compared with the as-cast specimens, due to a protective oxide scale formed after pre-treatment.

Cyclic oxidation and hot corrosion of Al_2O_3 or Y_2O_3-dispersed low-temperature chromizing coating

Chromium coatings with and without Al_2O_3 or Y_2O_3 particles were prepared by chromizing the as-deposited Ni-film with and without Al_2O_3 or Y_2O_3 particles using a conventional pack-cementation method at 800 ℃. The cyclic oxidation at 800 ℃ and hot corrosion in molten 75% Na2SO4＋25% NaC1 at 800 ℃ of the three different chromizing coatings were investigated. The effects of Al_2O_3 or Y_2O_3 on the cyclic oxidation and hot corrosion behavior of the chromizing coatings were discussed. Microstructure results show that the codeposited Al_2O_3 or Y_2O_3 particles significantly retard the grain growth of the chromizing coating, which increases the cyclic oxidation and hot corrosion resistance of the chromizing coatings, due to the more rapid formation of purer and denser chromia scnle

Influence of thermomechanical treatments on localized corrosion susceptibility and propagation mechanism of AA2099 Al-Li alloy

In order to manifest the influence of specific microstructural component on the development of severe localized corrosion in an AA2099 aluminum-lithium alloy, the corrosion behavior of the alloy subjected to solution heat treatment, cold working and artificial ageing was investigated. Immersion testing and potentiodynamic polarization were employed to introduce localized corrosion; scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the alloy microstructure and corrosion morphology. It was found that the susceptibility of the alloy to severe localized corrosion was sensitive to thermomechanical treatments. Additionally, the state of alloying elements influenced the mechanism of localized corrosion propagation. Specifically, the alloy in T8 conditions showed higher susceptibility to severe localized corrosion than that in other conditions. During potentiodynamic polarization, the alloy in solution heat-treated and T3 conditions displayed crystallographic corrosion morphology while the alloy in T6 and T8 conditions exhibited selective attack of grain interiors and grain boundaries in local regions.

Oxidation and hot corrosion of electrodeposited Ni-7Cr-4Al nanocomposite

A Ni-7Cr-4Al（mass fraction, %） nanocomposite was fabricated by co-electrodeposition of Ni with Cr（40 nm） and Al（100 nm） nanoparticles from a nickel sulfate bath, and its oxidation at 800 °C in air and hot corrosion under molten 75% Na2SO4 ＋ 25% Na Cl salts（mass fraction） at 750 °C were investigated. For comparison, Ni-11 Cr nanocomposite and Ni-film were also investigated in order to elucidate the effect of Cr nanoparticles. The results indicate that Cr and Al nanoparticles are dispersed in the electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni grains（in size range of 20-60 nm）. Ni-7Cr-4Al nanocomposite exhibits a dramatically increased oxidation resistance compared with Ni-11 Cr nanocomposite and Ni-film due to the fast formation of alumina scale, which also improves its hot corrosion resistance under molten 75% Na2SO4 ＋ 25% Na Cl salts.

Preparation and performance of coating on rare-earth compounds-immersed magnesium alloy by micro-arc oxidation

A composite ceramic coating containing Y2O3-ZrO2-MgO（YSZ-MgO） was prepared on AZ91D magnesium alloy,which was immersed in Y（NO3）3 aqueous solution as pretreatment,by micro-arc oxidation（MAO） process.The morphology,elemental and phase compositions,corrosion behavior and thermal stability of the coatings were studied by SEM,EDX,XRD,electrochemical corrosion test,high temperature oxidation and thermal shock test.The results show that the coating mainly consists of ZrO2,Y2O3,MgO,Mg2SiO4,and MgF2.Among these compounds,Y2O3 accounts for 26.7% of（Y2O3 ＋ ZrO2）.The thickness of YSZ-MgO coating is smaller than that of ZrO2-MgO coating,but its compactness and surface roughness are better than those of ZrO2-MgO coating.YSZ-MgO coating has a good corrosion resistance,and its corrosion rate in 5% NaCl aqueous solution is lower than that of ZrO2-MgO and only about 8.5% of that of AZ91D magnesium alloy.After oxidation at 410 °C,the mass gain of AZ91D magnesium alloy presents a linear increase with the oxidation time.The YSZ-MgO coating and ZrO2-MgO coating can remarkably decrease the oxidation mass gain.The oxidation mass gain of YSZ-MgO coating is lower than that of ZrO2-MgO coating,especially during a long oxidation period.The thermal shock resistance of YSZ-MgO coating is superior to ZrO2-MgO coating.

Effect of heat treatment on stress corrosion cracking, fracture toughness and strength of 7085 aluminum alloy

The influences of heat treatment on stress corrosion cracking （SCC）, fracture toughness and strength of 7085 aluminum alloy were investigated by slow strain rate testing, Kahn tear testing combined with scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The results show that the fracture toughness of T74 overaging is increased by 22.9% at the expense of 13.6% strength, and retrogression and reaging （RRA） enhances fracture toughness 14.2% without reducing the strength compared with T6 temper. The fracture toughness of dual-retrogression and reaging （DRRA） is equivalent to that of T74 with an increased strength of 14.6%. The SCC resistance increases in the order： T6〈RRA〈DRRA≈T74. The differences of fracture toughness and SCC were explained on the basis of the role of matrix precipitates and grain boundary orecioitates.

Effect of casting vacuum on thermodynamic and corrosion properties of Fe-based glassy alloy

The effect of casting vacuum on thermodynamic and corrosion properties of Fe61Co7Zr8Mo5W2B17 in shape of cylinder of 3 mm in diameter and ribbon of 20?40μm in thickness and 2?3 mm in width were investigated with X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dilatometer (DIL), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical station. It is found that high casting vacuum can improve the glass forming ability (GFA), the contraction degree during heating, and the pitting resistance of the glassy alloy, which can be ascribed to the fact that the dissolution of tungsten in the melt is improved under the high casting vacuum.

Heat-treated wood and its development in Europe

Efficient use of timber is a vital concern problem, especially in these regions where the forestry coverage ratio is decreasing. Studies on physical modification of wood have been taken more attention due to the increasing attentions on environmental protection. Thermal modification is emphasized and developed quickly in developing countries, especially in European countries. A large number of researches have been conducted and some industrial production plants have been built. This paper reviewed the history of heat treatment, exemplifies the industrial developments in several European countries, summarized the basic principle of heat treatment and describes the environmental characteristics. The properties of heat-treated wood and its usage are also summed up.

Preparation and Characterization of Nanostructured Ni-TiN Composite Films

Ni-TiN nanocomposite films were produced from a Ni plating bath containing TiN nanoparticles by using dc electroplating method. The structure and surface morphology of Ni-TiN composite coatings were analyzed by atom force microscope, X-ray diffraction, and trans- mission electron microscopy. Meanwhile, the anti-corrosion properties, hardness and ther- mostability of Ni-TiN nanocomposite films were also investigated and compared with the traditional polycrystalline Ni coatings. The results show that, compared with the traditional polycrystalline Ni film, Ni-TiN nanocomposite coatings display much better corrosion resistance, higher film hardness, and thermal stability. In addition, the hardness of Ni-TiN nanocomposite coatings decreases slightly with the increase of electroplating current density, which may be due to the synergism of hydrogen evolution and faster nucleation/growth rate of nickel crystallites.

Facile hydrothermal synthesis of TiO_2-Ca P nano-films on Ti6Al4V alloy

Ti6Al4V alloy was subjected to hydrothermal treatment in the concentrated Ca3(PO4)2, Ca HPO4 and Ca(H2PO4)2 solutions for bioactive surface modification. The treated samples are covered by films composed of nano-particles with the size of 60-240 nm. Such film can also be grown on the strut surface of a Ti6Al4 V scaffold prepared by electron beam melting(EBM) technology. XPS analysis indicates that Ti element on the surface presents as TiO2, and Ca and P elements are in the form of calcium phosphate. XRD and Raman analyses show that the surface layer is composed of anatase TiO2 and hydroxyapatite. Potentiodynamic polarization test in a Ca-free Hank's balanced solution demonstrates that the treated sample has markedly improved corrosion resistance compared with the polished sample. The present work provides a bioactive surface modification method that is easily-operated, low-temperature, less corrosion, and applicable to porous Ti6Al4 V alloy for biomedical applications.

Effect of standard heat treatment on microstructure and properties of borided Inconel 718

Boronizing was applied to Inconel 718. In order to obtain the optimal combination of strength and ductility, the borided Inconel 718 was subjected to standard heat treatment. This consists of solution treatment and then a two-step aging treatment. The borided layer is composed of the compound layer and the boron diffusion zone. Because of the superior hardness of borides, the borided Inconel 718 exhibits a significant reduction in its wear rate and relatively low coefficient of friction （COF） compared with the unborided Inconel 718. The standard heat treatment efficiently promotes the diffusion of boron into the interior of the material and the generation of new borides （Fe2B, CrB）. The borided layer with standard heat treatment shows much better wear resistance due to the thicker borided layer （313.76 μm）.

Structure and properties of FeCoNiCrCu_(0.5)Al_x high-entropy alloy

Effects of Al content and heat treatment on the structure,hardness and electrochemical properties of FeCoNiCrCu0.5Alx high-entropy alloys were investigated.The phase structure of as-cast alloys evolves from FCC phase to BCC phase with the increase of Al content.The stable phase of FeCoNiCrCu0.5Alx high-entropy alloys will transform from FCC phase to FCC＋BCC duplex phases when x value increases from 0.5 to 1.5.The hardness of BCC phase is higher than that of FCC phase,and the corrosion resistance of BCC phase is better than FCC phase in chlorine ion and acid medium.High hardness and good corrosion resistance can be obtained in as-cast FeCoNiCrCu0.5Al1.0 alloy.

Effect of TiO_2 content on properties of Al_2O_3 thermal barrier coatings by plasma spraying

Al2O3 thermal barrier coatings with different TiO2 contents were deposited on 6061 aluminum alloy by plasma spraying. The corrosion resistance, thermal insulation property and phase composition of these coatings were investigated. The results indicate that all the feedstock powders exhibit phase transformation during the spray process. With the increase of the TiO2 content in the powder, the corrosion resistance of the coating is enhanced but the thermal insulation property is decreased. This can be attributed to the higher thermal conductivity but lower melting point and brittleness of TiO2 than those of Al2O3, so it is easy for TiO2 to disperse in the brittle Al2O3 substrate during spraying, in which these dispersively distributed TiO2 play the role of hole sealing, releasing stress and reducing cracks.