1998年北京市郊区小麦在临收获时,部分地块籽粒在穗子上发生霉变,面积约1万 hm^2,总产6000万 kg 左右,品种主要是"京核3号",还有少量的北农白和中麦9号,这种情况在是非常少见的。通过对通州、大兴、顺义、房山、朝阳等县(区)...1998年北京市郊区小麦在临收获时,部分地块籽粒在穗子上发生霉变,面积约1万 hm^2,总产6000万 kg 左右,品种主要是"京核3号",还有少量的北农白和中麦9号,这种情况在是非常少见的。通过对通州、大兴、顺义、房山、朝阳等县(区)的12块地取样调查,12份样品平均病粒率37%,其中3份样品平均病粒率30%左右,占总样品的25%;1份样品病粒率43%,占总样品的8.3%;4份样品平均病粒率55%,占总样品的33.3%;1份样品病粒率70%。展开更多
A study was conducted in an organic nursery in 2010 and 2011 on the maiden growth of sour cherry cultivars "Debreceni Botermo" and "Sabina" grafted on Mahaleb cherry seedlings (Prunus mahaleb L.). The young tree...A study was conducted in an organic nursery in 2010 and 2011 on the maiden growth of sour cherry cultivars "Debreceni Botermo" and "Sabina" grafted on Mahaleb cherry seedlings (Prunus mahaleb L.). The young trees were grown at a spacing of 25 cm × 1.0 m on a podzolic soil. The study focused on the differences in diameter and height of the maiden stock, the branch number, lateral shoots in the crown and their length, among treatments with various bioproducts applied to the maidens once or twice, such as granulated manure, Micosat, Humus UP (humus cultivated), Humus Active + Aktywit PM (positive microorganisms), BioFeed Amin, BioFeed Quality, Tytanit and Vinassa. The control maidens were not fertilized at all, or fertilized with NPK (nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus). The first time when these products were applied in the nursery was mid-May, and the second time was one month later. Repeating the application of humic preparations (vermiculites) and a formulation containing mycorrhizal fungi (Micosat) gave better results than applying them only once, but in the case of BF Quality and the preparation Tytanit treating the plants for the second time did not increase their growth vigour compared to the plants treated only once. And the effectiveness of the biopreparations was different for the treated cultivars changed.展开更多
In this study,Mg-based composites,by the addition of ZnO,Ca_(2)ZnSi_(2)O_(7),Ca_(2)MgSi_(2)O_(7),and CaSiO_(3)as bioactive agents,were fabricated using friction stir processing.The microstructure and in vitro assessme...In this study,Mg-based composites,by the addition of ZnO,Ca_(2)ZnSi_(2)O_(7),Ca_(2)MgSi_(2)O_(7),and CaSiO_(3)as bioactive agents,were fabricated using friction stir processing.The microstructure and in vitro assessment of bioactivity,biodegradation rate,and corrosion behavior of the resultant composites were investigated in simulated body fluid(SBF).The results showed that during the immersion of composites in SBF for 28 d,due to the release of Ca^(2+)and PO_(4)^(3-)ions,hydroxyapatite(HA)crystals with cauliflower shaped morphology were deposited on the surface of composites,confirming good bioactivity of composites.In addition,due to the uniform distribution of bioceramic powders throughout Mg matrix,grain refinement of the Mg matrix,and uniform redistribution of secondary phase particles,the polarization resistance increased,and the biodegradation rate of composites significantly reduced compared to monolithic Mg matrix.The polarization corrosion resistance of Mg-ZnO increased from 0.216 to 2.499 kΩ/cm^(2)compared to monolithic Mg alloy.Additionally,Mg-ZnO composite with the weight loss of 0.0217 g after 28 d immersion showed lower weight loss compared to other samples with increasing immersion time.Moreover,Mg-ZnO composite with the biodegradation rate of 37.71 mm/a exhibited lower biodegradation rate compared to other samples with increasing immersion time.展开更多
Aims Plant–soil feedback(PSF)is a key mechanism that can facilitate tree species coexistence and diversity.Substantial evidence suggests that species-specific soil-borne pathogens around adult trees limit the perform...Aims Plant–soil feedback(PSF)is a key mechanism that can facilitate tree species coexistence and diversity.Substantial evidence suggests that species-specific soil-borne pathogens around adult trees limit the performance of home(conspecific)seedlings relative to foreign(heterospecific)seedlings.However,the underlying mechanism remains largely elusive.Methods Here,we conducted a reciprocal transplant pot experiment using seedlings and from two tree species,Pinus massoniana and Lithocarpus glaber that are dominant and coexist in a subtropical,evergreen,broad-leaf forest in Gutianshan,Zhejiang Province of eastern China.We examined how seedlings from the two tree species responded to soils originating from underneath their own versus the other tree species,using a full-factorial design.Additionally,we added a fungicide(benomyl)to half of the pots to evaluate the role of soil-borne fungi on seedling growth.Important Findings We found that the seedlings from L.glaber grew better in soils that were collected from beneath the canopy of P.massoniana,while seedling growth of P.massioniana was not affected by soil origin.The addition of fungicide benomyl resulted in a shift towards more positive PSF effects for L.glaber,indicating that L.glaber seedlings performed better in their own soils than in soils from P.massoniana in the absence of fungi.Our findings highlight the importance of soil-borne pathogenic and ectomycorrhizal fungi in driving PSF,and indicate that PSF may promote the coexistence of two subtropical tree species by reducing the performance of L.glaber in own soils.展开更多
文摘1998年北京市郊区小麦在临收获时,部分地块籽粒在穗子上发生霉变,面积约1万 hm^2,总产6000万 kg 左右,品种主要是"京核3号",还有少量的北农白和中麦9号,这种情况在是非常少见的。通过对通州、大兴、顺义、房山、朝阳等县(区)的12块地取样调查,12份样品平均病粒率37%,其中3份样品平均病粒率30%左右,占总样品的25%;1份样品病粒率43%,占总样品的8.3%;4份样品平均病粒率55%,占总样品的33.3%;1份样品病粒率70%。
文摘A study was conducted in an organic nursery in 2010 and 2011 on the maiden growth of sour cherry cultivars "Debreceni Botermo" and "Sabina" grafted on Mahaleb cherry seedlings (Prunus mahaleb L.). The young trees were grown at a spacing of 25 cm × 1.0 m on a podzolic soil. The study focused on the differences in diameter and height of the maiden stock, the branch number, lateral shoots in the crown and their length, among treatments with various bioproducts applied to the maidens once or twice, such as granulated manure, Micosat, Humus UP (humus cultivated), Humus Active + Aktywit PM (positive microorganisms), BioFeed Amin, BioFeed Quality, Tytanit and Vinassa. The control maidens were not fertilized at all, or fertilized with NPK (nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus). The first time when these products were applied in the nursery was mid-May, and the second time was one month later. Repeating the application of humic preparations (vermiculites) and a formulation containing mycorrhizal fungi (Micosat) gave better results than applying them only once, but in the case of BF Quality and the preparation Tytanit treating the plants for the second time did not increase their growth vigour compared to the plants treated only once. And the effectiveness of the biopreparations was different for the treated cultivars changed.
文摘In this study,Mg-based composites,by the addition of ZnO,Ca_(2)ZnSi_(2)O_(7),Ca_(2)MgSi_(2)O_(7),and CaSiO_(3)as bioactive agents,were fabricated using friction stir processing.The microstructure and in vitro assessment of bioactivity,biodegradation rate,and corrosion behavior of the resultant composites were investigated in simulated body fluid(SBF).The results showed that during the immersion of composites in SBF for 28 d,due to the release of Ca^(2+)and PO_(4)^(3-)ions,hydroxyapatite(HA)crystals with cauliflower shaped morphology were deposited on the surface of composites,confirming good bioactivity of composites.In addition,due to the uniform distribution of bioceramic powders throughout Mg matrix,grain refinement of the Mg matrix,and uniform redistribution of secondary phase particles,the polarization resistance increased,and the biodegradation rate of composites significantly reduced compared to monolithic Mg matrix.The polarization corrosion resistance of Mg-ZnO increased from 0.216 to 2.499 kΩ/cm^(2)compared to monolithic Mg alloy.Additionally,Mg-ZnO composite with the weight loss of 0.0217 g after 28 d immersion showed lower weight loss compared to other samples with increasing immersion time.Moreover,Mg-ZnO composite with the biodegradation rate of 37.71 mm/a exhibited lower biodegradation rate compared to other samples with increasing immersion time.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071644,31670535 and 31270559)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB31030000)the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2017YFA0605103).
文摘Aims Plant–soil feedback(PSF)is a key mechanism that can facilitate tree species coexistence and diversity.Substantial evidence suggests that species-specific soil-borne pathogens around adult trees limit the performance of home(conspecific)seedlings relative to foreign(heterospecific)seedlings.However,the underlying mechanism remains largely elusive.Methods Here,we conducted a reciprocal transplant pot experiment using seedlings and from two tree species,Pinus massoniana and Lithocarpus glaber that are dominant and coexist in a subtropical,evergreen,broad-leaf forest in Gutianshan,Zhejiang Province of eastern China.We examined how seedlings from the two tree species responded to soils originating from underneath their own versus the other tree species,using a full-factorial design.Additionally,we added a fungicide(benomyl)to half of the pots to evaluate the role of soil-borne fungi on seedling growth.Important Findings We found that the seedlings from L.glaber grew better in soils that were collected from beneath the canopy of P.massoniana,while seedling growth of P.massioniana was not affected by soil origin.The addition of fungicide benomyl resulted in a shift towards more positive PSF effects for L.glaber,indicating that L.glaber seedlings performed better in their own soils than in soils from P.massoniana in the absence of fungi.Our findings highlight the importance of soil-borne pathogenic and ectomycorrhizal fungi in driving PSF,and indicate that PSF may promote the coexistence of two subtropical tree species by reducing the performance of L.glaber in own soils.