混凝絮凝法去除腐质酸的研究

进行了混凝絮凝法去除水中腐殖酸的研究 ,结果表明 ,同传统的絮凝剂相比 ,微生物絮凝剂不仅用量少 ,去除效果好(去除率可达 60 % ) ,而且不产生二次污染 ,可应用于废水特别是给水中腐殖酸的去除工艺中。对絮凝剂的絮凝机理进行了初步研究 ,研究表明 ,微生物絮凝剂去除腐殖酸主要是通过架桥完成的 ,不同于 Al2 (SO4 )

禾喜利牌水溶性腐质酸液体肥料在白菜上的应用效果研究

为了明确禾喜利牌水溶性腐质酸液体肥料的增产节支效果,研究其在白菜上的应用效果。结果表明,施用禾喜利牌水溶性腐质酸液体肥料配合适量氮、磷、钾肥料对白菜的增产提质效果明显,可明显增加白菜的单株重,对白菜株高、茎粗、有效株数、成株率等经济性状的影响较小。以施用禾喜利牌水溶性腐质酸液体肥料300 kg/hm^2配合适量氮、磷、钾肥料(与习惯施肥等养分)产量最高,为47 250 kg/hm^2,利润最大,为59 446.5元/hm^2。建议在蔬菜生产上大面积推广应用。

不同腐质酸钾用量对烤烟生长发育及产质的影响

2018—2019年在德江连续2a做了不同腐质酸钾用量对烤烟生长发育及产质影响的田间试验。结果表明:在所有的处理中,每667m2产量均高于对照,增幅为12.1%~21.45%,其中提高最多为处理2>处理3>处理1>处理4;烟叶产值和上中等烟比例为处理2>处理3>处理4>处理1>CK;烟叶钾含量各处理均高于对照,以处理2最高;淀粉含量各处理均高于对照,依次为处理4>处理3>处理2>处理1>CK,说明随腐质酸钾施用量的增加,烟叶中淀粉有增加的趋势;评吸得分处理2>处理3>处理1>CK>处理4,说明施用一定量的腐质酸钾能促进烟株生长发育、增加烟叶产量和改善烟叶品质,但不是越多越好,铜仁烟区施用腐质酸钾6g/株为好。

紫花苜蓿施用腐殖酸肥效应的研究

以生长第4年和第8年紫花苜蓿为对象,研究了不同腐殖酸肥水平对紫苜蓿的生长及各茬草产量的影响.结果表明,施用腐殖酸肥后紫花苜蓿的株高、一级分枝数、节间数、节间距、茎叶比以及干草产量均有所增加,其中生长第8年苜蓿的增效更为明显;生长第8年苜蓿施用腐殖酸肥后各茬株高明显高于CK,且差异达到显著水平;两个生长年限苜蓿的各刈割茬次2000kg/hm2施腐殖酸肥处理一级分枝数均高于其对照,且差异均达到显著水平;生长第4年、第8年紫花苜蓿施用腐殖酸肥后第一茬及全年干草产量显著高于CK,且第一茬差异达到了极显著水平;生长第8年苜蓿施用腐殖酸肥第二、第三茬干草产量与CK间差异均达到显著水平.

不同金属-腐殖酸复合物强化硝酸盐生物降解研究

基于腐殖酸HA可以与金属通过络合和螯合等方式形成不溶性复合物的原理,以模拟硝酸盐废水为目标污染物,制备出了3种不溶性的Ni-HA、Co-HA和Ca-HA金属-腐殖酸复合物,并考察其作为氧化还原介体强化硝酸盐生物降解的特性。实验结果表明,9 h后,添加了Ni-HA、Co-HA和Ca-HA的硝酸盐去除率分别为95.7%、93.4%和92.6%,相较于空白对照组的去除率(89.7%)分别提高了6.0%、3.7%和2.9%;根据循环伏安图可知,Ni-HA的氧化还原峰最为明显,具有更好的电子传递活性。

Investigation of mortar corrosion by an acidophilic sulfur-oxidizing microorganism A.thiooxidans

The corrosion behavior of the acidophilic sulfur-oxidizing microorganism(ASOM)Acidithiobacillusthiooxidans(A.thiooxidans)on mortar was investigated for changes of medium and mortar,as well as for weight lossand surface morphology of mortar specimens.Weight loss analysis showed that mortar weight was reduced by(15.1±2.2)%after 56 d.Morphological surface analysis of mortar specimens showed weakly structured fibrous substances with2−100μm in size.The pH variations of the mortar surface and medium indicated that biogenic sulfuric acid had beenproduced by A.thiooxidans.The results prove that A.thiooxidans accelerated concrete corrosion and caused concretefailure.

Effect of Highly Efficient Nutrient Solution of Biogas Slurry on Yield and Quality of Vegetables

[Objective] The paper aimed to study highly efficient utilization of biogas slurry and the effect of highly efficient biogas slurry on vegetables,so as to provide basis for wide and effective application of biogas slurry.[Method] Using secondary aerobic fermentation technology,a small amount of humic acid was added to biogas slurry to enhance the biological activity of biogas slurry.Through greenhouse experiment,the effect of highly efficient nutrient solution of biogas slurry on yield and quality of green pepper,tomato and cucumber was studied.[Result] Compared with control and traditional application of biogas slurry,application of highly efficient nutrient solution of biogas slurry increased the yield of green pepper,tomato and cucumber,and the increase extents were 12.4%,47.4%,19.9% and 2.7%,15.9%,9.1%,respectively.Compared with traditional application of biogas slurry,application of highly efficient nutrient solution of biogas slurry significantly increased Vc content of green pepper and cucumber with the increase extent of 16.8% and 43.8%,respectively.[Conclusion] Application of highly efficient nutrient solution of biogas slurry can effectively promote the yield of green pepper,tomato and cucumber and change the qualities of vegetables,and significantly enhance the biological activity of biogas slurry.

Effects of Different Application Amounts of Potassium Fulvate on Yield and Quality of Tomato and Soil Physical and Chemical Properties

This study was conducted to study the optimum dosage of potassium ful- vate （PF） on greenhouse tomato, the effects of different amounts of PF on yield and quality of greenhouse tomato and soil physical and chemical properties were investigated by a field plot experiment. The results showed that the bottom applica- tion of PF increased tomato yield, plant dry matter weight and root dry matter weight by 14.0%, 14.4 and 50.6%, respectively; Vc and soluble sugar content of tomato increased by 1＆5% and 10.0%, respectively; and soil bulk density de- creased by 3.6%, and CEC increased by 5.0%. All the indexes increased with the increase of PF application amount, and reached the maximum value when the PF application rate was 4 500 kg/hm2. In consideration of the cost of fertilizer and all indexes, the optimum dosaqe of PF fertilizer was 4 500 kg/hm2.

Corrosion inhibition effect of N, N′-bis(2-pyridylmethylidene)-1,2-diiminoethane on AZ91D magnesium alloy in acidic media

The inhibition effect of electrochemical noise, EIS and surface analysis to evaluate N'-bis (2-pyridylmethylidene)- 1,2-diiminoethane (BPIE) Schiff base against AZ91D alloy corrosion in 0.01 mol/L HCl was investigated by different electrochemical methods. Potentiodynamic polarization curves revealed that the BPIE acts as a mixed-type corrosion inhibitor. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements confirmed the corrosion inhibition effect of the BPIE. As the inhibitor concentration increased, the charge transfer resistance increased and the double layer capacitance decreased due to more inhibitor adsorption on the surface. The results obtained by analysis of electrochemical noise (EN) data in time and frequency domains are in good agreement with EIS and polarization results. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) were used to investigate the corrosion inhibition of the BPIE. SEM images showed that the corrosion damage of the alloy surface reduced in the presence of BPIE. The intensity of the XRD peaks corresponding to magnesium-rich α phase increased in the presence of BPIE, indicating lower corrosion of alloy sample. Also, EDX analysis approved the corrosion inhibition performance of the BPIE. The studied Schiff base compound acts by physical adsorption on the alloy surface and its adsorption obeys the Langmuir isotherm.

Effect of aqueous extract of leaves of Morinda tinctoria on corrosion inhibition of aluminium surface in HCl medium

The effect of Morinda tinctoria(MT) leaves extract on the corrosion inhibition of Al in acid medium was studied. The inhibition studies were carried out on Al in 0.5 mol/L HCl with the extract of leaves of MT using mass loss and electrochemical techniques. Parameters, such as concentration of the inhibitor, concentration of the acid, temperature and concentration of halide ions, were varied and optimized. Increase of the temperature and concentration of acid can decrease the performance of the inhibitor. Thermodynamic parameters show that the physisorption of the inhibitor molecules on Al surface obeys Langmuir isotherm.

Dynamics of Humic Substance-Complexed Copper and Copper Leaching During Composting of Chicken Manure

Chicken manure was composted for 110 d to evaluate changes in organic carbon (C) and humic substance-complexed copper (HS-Cu) extracted with water,sodium hydroxide (NaOH),and sodium pyrophosphate and sodium hydroxide mixture (Na 4 P 2 O 7-NaOH).The average HS-Cu content from the Na 4 P 2 O 7-NaOH extraction accounted for 46.8% of the total Cu in the compost,followed by those from the NaOH and water extractions,which accounted for 34.5% and 6% of the total Cu in the compost,respectively.NaOH-Na 4 P 2 O 7-extractable HS-Cu increased throughout the composting process.NaOH-extractable HS-Cu increased during the first 50 d of composting and then leveled off.Water-extractable HS-Cu enhanced during the first 21 d and then decreased.Water-extractable HS-Cu was not correlated to NaOH-or NaOH-Na 4 P 2 O 7-extractable organic C.The average amount of Cu leached from the compost was about 20% of the total Cu in the chicken manure and Cu leaching increased during the first 35 d of composting and then decreased.Leaching of Cu was significantly correlated to the concentrations of HS-Cu extracted with NaOH and water,but was not correlated to the concentration of HS-Cu extracted with NaOH-Na 4 P 2 O 7.Thus,NaOH-and water-extractable HS-Cu were relatively labile and NaOH-Na 4 P 2 O 7-extractable HS-Cu was relatively immobile.Composting process after rapid decomposition could result in low potential of Cu leaching because of formation of more NaOH-Na 4 P 2 O 7-extractable HS-Cu.

Effects of Water Regime and Reaction of Soil on Properties of Newly-Formed Humic Substances

The effects of soil water regime and soil reaction on nitrogen distribution and fractional composition of newly-formed humus (decayed products) and the structural characteristics of the newly-formed humic acids (HAs) were studied in an incubation experiment, with the following results obtained:1. The humus newly formed under submerged conditions was higher in the relative content of α-amino acid-N and the humic acid/ fulvic acid (HA/ FA) ratio than that under upland conditions. The HAs extracted from the former were also higher in C / O ratio, aromaticity and the contents of methoxyl groups and lignin-like components, but lower in the content of carboxyl groups than the HAs from the latter.2. Under upland conditions, the C / organic N ratio and the relative content of mobile HA of newly-formed humus were lower, but the HA / FA ratio was higher in the CaCO3-amended treatment than in non-amended treatment. The presence of CaCO3 also resulted in a decrease of C / N ratio of HA and a slight increase of its carboxyl group content. On the other hand, there was no significant change in the composition and properties of the newly-formed humus with the addition of CaCO3 under submerged conditions.3. Compared with soil HAs, the newly-formed HAs contained more carbohydrates, polypeptides and lignin-like components, and were in lower degrees of oxidation and humification.

Acid Dissociation Constants of Functional Groups in Humic Substances:I.Affinity Spectrum Model Analysis of Potentiometric Data of Fulvic and Humic Acids Solutions from Weathered Coal and Dark Loessial Soil

Potentiometric experiments were carried out on the proton binding equilibria of FA extracted from a weathered coal and HA and Fa extracted from a dark loessial soil.The affinity spectrum model was employed to treat the experimental data.The affinity spectrum model technique could“magnify” the heterogeneity of the proton binding equilibria.so it was useful for comparing and studying the characteristics of humic substances with similar properties.According to the affinity spectra,we also found that the direction of the titration could affect the properties of the equilibria of FA from the weathered coal,and the acidic functional groups contained in FA from the weathered coal were larger in quantity than those contained in HA and FA from the dark loessial soil.

ON THE DIVISION OF NORTH BOUNDARY OF SUBTROPICALZONE ACCORDING TO THE COMPOSITIONS AND PROPERTIES OF SOIL HUMUS

In this paper predecessors′achievements about the division between subtropical zone and warm temperate zone on the south slope of Funiu Mountain are firstly summarized, and the cause why these viewpoints about the division are different also has been presented. Seven soil profiles at different heights above sea level are dug along the south slope of Funiu Mountain. Many compositions and properties of soil humus have been analyzed in laboratory. A comprehensive study has been made about the division according to the compositions and properties of soil humus with mathematical method. During the analysis process eight indexes have been used, such as altitude, organic carbon, humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA), the ratio of humic acid and fulvic acid (HA/FA), two extinction coefficients (E4,E6), and their ratio (E4/E6).The result indicates that the boundary is at about 1000 meters above sea level.

Effects of Humic Acid and Bread Yeast on Growth and Yield of Eggplant （Solanum melongena L.）

This study was carried out at the vegetable research field, College of Agriculture, University of Duhok, during the growing season of 2009 using the eggplant local cultivar. And a factorial Randomized complete block design （F-RCBD）. The experiment consisted of two factors, the first was inoculations with and without humic acid, and the second factor was three levels of dry bread yeast （0.5, 10 gm/L）. The results revealed that the growth was significantly increased in term of plant height, branches number%, total chlorophyll and mineral content in leaves （N.P.K） and the yield in term of fruit number/plant, fruit weight （gm）, plant yield （gm/plant）, total yield （ton/hectare）, fruit length and fruit diameter. The interaction between humic acid and bread yeast was highly improved the growth and yield traits.

Characterization of Humic System in Fertilizer Raw Materials

The aim of the study was to characterize humus system of natural and artificial products. Humus systems from leonardite, lignite biotransformed with Trichoderma sp. （Plantagra）, plant materials after pyrolisis （charcoal） and composts are compared. Humus systems are characterized by Kononova-Belchikova＇s method, and heavy metals content was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy （AAS）. Humic acids from the International Humic Substances Society （IHSS） collection are the standards for humus substances quality of compared products. Data obtained for leonardite indicate that the studied substances from factory, Izmir, Turkey contain humic acids over 94%. Compared to the standard, heavy metals content in these materials demonstrate high amounts. Organic carbon content in the composts is very low compared to the leonardite materials and IHSS collection, where the heavy metals content is lower. Biotransformed lignite is characterized with lower content of organic carbon, but humic acids are with high degree of humification. Results obtained show that the fourth studied humus systems may be used in agriculture on base of the high humic acids content. It is recommended to measure heavy metals content before applying the materials in agriculture.

Corrosion behaviour of 6061 Al-15vol. Pct. SiC composite and its base alloy in sulphuric acid medium

In this paper the corrosion characteristics of Silicon carbide particulate-reinforced 6061 aluminum composite （ 6061 AI/SiCp composite ） and the base alloy are experimentally assessed. The corrosion tests are carried out at different temperatures in the concentration range of 0.01N to 1N sulphuric acid as corrosion media using Tafel extrapolation technique and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy （EIS）. The results obtained from Tafel extrapolation technique and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy are in good agreement. The results show an increase in the corrosion rate with increase in temperature as well as with increase in the concentration of the corrosion media. The thermodynamic parameters like energy of activation are calculated using Arrhenius theory equation and, enthalpy of activation and entropy of activation are calculated using transition state theory equation.

Humic-Like Substances from Different Compost Extracts Could Significantly Promote Cucumber Growth

The effects of direct extracts of compost (DEC), aerated fermentation extracts of compost (AFEC) and non-aerated fermentation extracts of compost (NAFEC) on cucumber growth and the action mechanisms were evaluated based on the structure and activity analysis of humic-like substances. AFEC increased cucumber growth most significantly, followed by DEC and NAFEC, which was insignificant compared to the control treatment. Humic-like substances from compost extracts played an important role in promoting cucumber growth. Application of humic-like substances stimulated auxin-like activity and increased chlorophyll content and nitrogen accumulation in plants. The positive auxin-like activity of humic-like substances could be attributed to the relative distribution of special carbon groups, such as those with a large amount of peptidic and carbohydratic groups or with a low content of phenolic groups. In conclusion, the best growth promotion by application of AFEC was mainly attributed to the humic-like substances in the AFEC.