土法生产腐铵适宜加氨量的测定

一、适宜加氨量的选择确定:这是在土法生产腐殖酸铵中最关键的问题。我们认为,适宜加氨量的选择标准应该是:①产品具有较高的保氮率;②产品具有较高的相对速效氮含量(风干产品中速效氮含量占相对最大吸氨量的百分数)。根据我们试验,不同的加氨量与产品的保氮率成反比,与产品的相对速效氮含量成正比(见表1)。从表中可以看出,当氨水加7斤时保氮率为95.7%,和其他处理比。

腐殖酸铵在红壤水田的肥效试验

我所在红壤上进行的肥效试验表明,施用腐铵无论在大田或盆钵,在各种不同肥力水平上均有增产效果。增产率以贫瘠土壤比肥沃土壤大。从经济效益看,每斤腐肥增产稻谷0.5—0.95斤。腐铵不仅具有速效作用,而且肥力比较持久。以钵施0.3克纯氮和腐铵20克比较,前者含氮量虽较后者高。

腐殖酸铵的生产和肥效试验

我区风化煤源丰富。经分析,其中游离腐酸含量高,一般含量在20%以上,高的达40%。可以晒干粉碎后直接氨化处理制成腐肥。1974年冬季,我们利用游离腐殖酸含量28.5%的风化煤与碳铵进行了土法生产试验(煤氨比为100:15)和肥效鉴定。

腐殖酸类肥料的生产及其鉴定方法

目前,我省土法生产的腐殖酸铵存在以下几个问题:一、氮素损失问题:氨水及碳酸氢铵均极易挥发,在与草炭、褐煤混拌和堆制过程中,操作不当都有氨的挥发损失。特别是有些单位为了提高氨化时的温度,先把草炭用锅炒热,趁热加入化肥,氨的损失更大,不宜提倡。二、氨化反应不完全:用氨水或碳酸氢铵氨化草炭、褐煤,其反应主要是铵离子与其腐殖酸的羧基的氢离子起代换作用,其次是与其中的酚羟基起作用。

腐殖酸原粉的保氮作用

我所用浏阳腐殖酸原粉分别与猪粪、碳酸氢铵、泥土混合置于盆钵内堆制,定期测定以了解腐殖酸肥料对保氮的效果。一、与猪粪拌和后的保氮效果猪粪和猪粪拌腐殖酸原粉堆沤15天,因猪粪分解,铵态氮均有所增加,其增加率分别为3.32%和17.55%。堆沤42天时测定,因肥分的挥发损失,铵态氮下降,

腐肥对不同作物的增产效果

1975年进行的部分田间试验和盆栽试验结果简述如下:田间试验:共41个,其中小麦7个,大麦1个,油菜两个,红花草子两个,土豆三个,早稻25个,晚稻1个,腐肥是各地土法生产的产品。小麦:7个试验都是用腐肥早春追肥,全部增产。施腐肥平均亩产343斤,每亩比施等量氮肥多21—150斤,平均71.9斤,增产率为6.3%—67%,平均为26.5%,比不施氮肥对照增产119斤。

腐肥改土功能显著

腐殖酸是土壤腐殖质的主要成分,对改良土壤有着特殊效能。使用腐殖酸铵,可以增强土壤中的代换容量,调整酸碱度,改良盐碱地,增加腐殖质,,提高土壤肥力,改善土壤的团粒结构,有提高保水、保温、保肥的效能。比如,九间窑有一块40多亩的沙梁地,原来亩产200来斤,经过连续三年施用腐肥,增加了土壤腐殖质,提高了土壤肥力,1974年谷子亩产405斤,增产在一倍以上。

Flotation separation of chalcopyrite from galena by sodium humate and ammonium persulfate

The flotabilities of chalcopyrite and galena with sodium humate（HA） and ammonium persulfate（APS） as the depressant were studied by flotation test, adsorption measurement and infrared spectroscopic analysis. Single mineral flotation test shows that the slurry oxidation environment and the proper oxidation of galena surface are prerequisites for the depression of galena by sodium humate. The closed-circuit flotation test of copper/lead bulk concentrate shows that the grade and recovery of Cu reach 30.47% and 89.16% respectively and those of Pb reach 2.06% and1.58% respectively in copper concentrate, and the grade and recovery of Pb reach 50.34% and 98.42% and those of Cu reach 1.45% and 10.84% respectively in lead concentrate with HA and APS. The selective depression effect of HA and APS is more obvious than that of potassium dichromate. The results of FTIR analysis and adsorption measurements indicate that the adsorption of sodium humate on the fresh surface of galena is negligible, while after oxidation, sodium humate can be chemically adsorbed on the surface of galena. According to the theory of solubility product, the sodium humate can display the oxidation product PbSO_4, after then, adsorb on the surface of lead chemically to produce inhibitory effect. Thus, it can be seen that the combination of HA and APS is an efficient non-toxic reagent to achieve cleaning separation copper/lead bulk concentrate by flotation. The combination of HA and APS is an efficient non-toxic reagent to achieve cleaning for copper/lead bulk concentrate by flotation.

Effect of EDTA and NH_4Cl additives on electrodeposition of Zn-Ni films from choline chloride-based ionic liquid

Two additives of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid （EDTA） and ammonium chloride （NH4C1） were separately used in the electrodeposition of Zn-Ni alloy films from a deep eutectic solvent. The effects of these two additives on electrodeposition behavior, composition, morphology, and corrosion performance of the Zn-Ni alloys were investigated. The electrodeposition behaviors of Zn-Ni alloy revealed by the cyclic voltammetry show that the addition of EDTA to the Zn-Ni electrolyte enhances the Zn incorporation into the alloy film while the addition of NH4C1 produces an opposite effect by suppressing Zn incorporation into the film. With an increase of EDTA concentration in the electrolyte, the Zn content of the Zn-Ni films increases, while the grain size of the deposits and the current efficiency of the plating process decrease. The increase of NH4C1 concentration in the electrolyte would significantly refine the grain size of the electrodeposited Zn-Ni films, reduce the Zn content and increase the cathodic current efficiency. The corrosion testing indicates that the barrier corrosion resistances of Zn-Ni films electrodeposited from NHnC1 containing electrolytes are superior to those electrodeposited from EDTA-containing electrolytes, which in turn are superior to those electrodeposited from additive-free electrolytes.

Applications of Inverted Pyramids Corroded by TMAH in PERL Silicon LED

In this paper, a novel and reliable structure of the side passivated emitter and the rear locallydiffused（PERL） silicon light emitting diodes （LEDs） is proposed. The inverted pyramids surface, the important interface in this structure, is given according to the experiment. The results show that the inverted pyramids surface has a low refection about 8%, in the anisotropic etching 70 ℃, 5% TMAH concentration, corrosion time of 90 min or 30 rain. Low refection means high light emitting rate. Most of the structure and manufacturing process can be compatible with planar CMOS technology, which makes the silicon LED greater potential for development in the future.

腐植酸对磷肥增效的研究与肥效试验

一、前言 我国农田中,大约有2/3缺磷,1996年我国生产磷肥575万吨,进口磷肥100余万吨,产量与用量都为世界首位。但是,由于磷肥利用率低,当季利用率一般只有10～25％,造成某些地区缺磷而减产。我省有丰富的磷矿资源,素以品位高、储量大而闻名全国,有些磷矿资源P_2O_5含量达到35％以上,每年有78.33万吨远销国内外。

Influence of Humic Acid on Interaction of Ammonium and Potassium Ions on Clay Minerals

Interaction of ammonium (NH+4) and potassium (K+) is typical in field soils. However, the effects of organic matter on interaction of NH+4 and K+have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we examined the changes in major physicochemical properties of three clay minerals (kaolinite, illite, and montmorillonite) after humic acid (HA) coating and evaluated the influences of these changes on the interaction of NH+4 and K+on clay minerals using batch experiments. After HA coating, the cation exchange capacity (CEC) and specific surface area (SSA) of montmorillonite decreased significantly, while little decrease in CEC and SSA occurred in illite and only a slight increase in CEC was found in kaolinite. Humic acid coating significantly increased cation adsorption and preference for NH+4, and this effect was more obvious on clay minerals with a lower CEC. Results of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry analysis showed that HA coating promoted the formation of H-bonds between the adsorbed NH+4 and the organo-mineral complexes. HA coating increased cation fixation capacity on montmorillonite and kaolinite, but the opposite occurred on illite. In addition, HA coating increased the competitiveness of NH+4 on fixation sites. These results showed that HA coating affected both the nature of clay mineral surfaces and the reactions of NH+4 and K+with clay minerals, which might influence the availability of nutrient cations to plants in field soils amended with organic matter.

Role of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide,crystal violet and humic acid in the degradation of diclofenac under simulated sunlight irradiation

The photodegradation of diclofenac in the absence/presence of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide,crystal violet and humic acid under simulated sunlight has been studied.Under the study conditions,it is apparent that cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide and crystal violet concentrations inhibit effects on the photodegradation of diclofenac.Humic acid has no distinct effect on the photodegradation of diclofenac.Crystal violet has an obvious antagonistic action for humic acid and a similar antagonistic action between cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide and crystal violet.Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide and humic acid have synergistic effect.An antagonistic action is present between cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide,crystal violet and humic acid.Moreover,a simple linear model which describes the obtained results is shown.