基于心率和腕动信号的睡眠监测系统

设计一种基于心率和腕动信号的睡眠监测系统,通过传感器采集睡眠过程中的心率和腕动信号,利用串口通信将信号传输到上位机,上位机软件通过睡眠分期算法对采集的信号进行处理分析,达到客观评价睡眠质量的目的。该设计为客观评估睡眠质量提供了实现方案,帮助人们了解自己的睡眠状况。

腕动仪结合血氧监测仪对睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的诊断价值

目的探讨在睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(SAHS)诊断中腕动仪结合血氧监测仪的诊断价值。方法对2015年2月至2016年2月收治的100例疑诊为SAHS患者的一般资料进行回顾性分析,所有患者均以夜间打鼾为主诉,均实施多导睡眠记录仪(PSG)、血氧监测仪与腕动仪检测。并观察氧减指数(ODI_4)变化情况,将腕动仪矫正时间后的ODI_4命名为ODIA。结果 100例中,18例无SAHS(A组),16例为轻度(B组),24例为中度(C组),42例为重度(D组)。相较于PSG,腕动仪在A组、B组中可准确评估总睡眠时间(TST);在C组、D组中,腕动仪所得TST均低于PSG(P<0.05);ODIA诊断轻度、中度、重度SAHS灵敏度高于ODI_4。结论腕动仪能对无SAHS和轻度SAHS患者总睡眠时间进行准确估测,且经腕动仪矫正后,ODIA诊断敏感性明显提升。

腕动仪结合血氧监测仪在诊断睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征中的价值

目的 探讨腕动仪结合血氧监测仪在诊断睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（SAHS）中的价值.方法 收集2013年12月至2014年9月期间至北京大学人民医院睡眠中心疑诊的SAHS受试者,同时记录多导睡眠记录仪（PSG）、腕动仪及血氧监测仪的开灯时间和关灯时间.腕动仪用于矫正血氧监测仪的总睡眠时间（TST）.血氧监测仪所得氧减指数（ODI4）为每小时Sp02下降≥4％的次数,经腕动仪矫正时间后的ODI4命名为ODIA,用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评定0DI4及ODIA诊断价值及判定诊断SAHS的界值.腕动仪和血氧监测仪所得指标与PSG所得指标分别使用配对t检验或符号秩和检验进行比较.四格表法计算ODI4和ODIA的敏感度和特异度.根据PSG所得的呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）对SAHS进行病情分级：AHI ＜5次/h为无SAHS,5～ ＜15次/h为轻度,15～＜ 30次/h为中度,≥30次/h为重度.结果 213例受试者中,无SAHS者38例,轻、中、重度SAHS各有34、51、90例.与PSG相比,腕动仪在无SAHS组（P=0.408）和轻度SAHS组（P =0.949）能够准确地估测TST;在中度和重度SAHS组,腕动仪所得TST均显著低于PSG所得TST[（405±51）比（419±40） min和（399±62）比（422±60）min]（均P＜0.05）.在诊断SAHS中ODI4的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）为0.956,界值为5;ODIA的AUC为0.951,界值也为5.ODI4诊断轻度、中度和重度SAHS的敏感度分别为80.6％、66.7％和58.9％,特异度均为100％.经腕动仪矫正TST后,ODIA诊断轻度、中度和重度SAHS敏感度分别为84.0％、73.8％和68.9％,特异度分别为94.7％、100％和99.2％.结论 腕动仪在无SAHS组和轻度SAHS组可准确估测TST.ODI4在SAHS的诊断中具有一定价值,经腕动仪矫正TST后的ODIA诊断SAHS的敏感度提高.

液压机械臂腕部旋转直线作动器的研究

介绍一种紧凑式液压机械臂腕部旋转直线作动器,对比了国内现有的液压机械臂腕部的形式及结构,描述了其特有的结构、技术参数和工作原理。研究的液压机械臂腕部旋转直线作动器具有结构紧凑、体积小、质量轻、能量转换效率高和腕部位置闭环控制等优点,为精确控制液压机械臂的姿态提供参考。

The Development of Dynamic Compliant Wrist for Robots

Based on an analysis of the relative shaft-to-hole position and attiude errors, as well as of the mechanics and Kinematics in the process of automatic assembly of industrial robots, the paper studies the principle of construction of dynamic wrists. Type I-3 and Ⅱ-6 dynamic compliant wrists have been designed and made. Prblems in the production of compliant elements and the connection between compliant elements and wrists were also solved. A study on the results of tests of the function of two kinds of dynamic compliant wrists shows that the dynamic compliant wrist's compliancy function can be improved by adding metallic materials having higher longitudinal and transverse rigidity into the softer elstomer. And the design Principle is proved to be feasible and practicable. It can be expected that the use of dynamic compliant wrist will greatly lower the technical requirements of the shaft-hole assembly and the requirements in the resetting accuracy.

Mechanism on bipolar distribution of Permian brachiopods

By reasearch on geographic distribution, nine genera in bipolar distribution are selected from Permian brachiopods. These taxa originated from middle-high latitude areas in the boreal realm, of which five genera were derived from Late Carboniferous, and other four genera originated from Permian. They were all in bipolar distribution during some different stages in Permian. Specific diversity for each genus was high in the boreal realm, whereas in the Gondwana realm was very low. Perdurability was long in the boreal realm, and short in the Gondwana realm. It was the time when these nine genera came to their maximum diversity that these genera appeared in the Gondwana and formed bipolar distribution; while they also migrated to the low latitude from high latitude. This shows very close relationship between several main cooling events in Permian and the migration of genera from the boreal realm to the Gondwana reahn through the Tethys. Therefore, the cooling events might be the main drive which caused these cold-water-type brachiopods migrated to the Gondwana realm and being bipolar distribution. In this process, the planula tolerance to warm water would be another important factor.

Biogeographic characteristics of Zhesi brachiopod fauna and reconstruction of tectonopaleogeography of Jiamusi-Mongolia Block

The Kungurian-Capitanian （Permian） Zhesi branchiopod fauna is mainly composed of cold-water typed taxa with high diversity and abundance. This fauna is similar with the coeval brachiopod faunas from Ti- man-Pechora, Svalbard, and Queen Elizabeth Islands of the Boreal Realm, with no real ＂warm-water＂ species. Zhesi brachiopod fauna is a cold-water fauna and should be assigned to the Boreal Realm. Considering the paleogeographic characteristics of this fauna and the basic rationale of paleobiogeographie provinces being controlled by latitude-temperate, and that the above areas were located at 50°N -70°N in the global paleoclimate reconstruction map compiled by Boucot et al. , the paleo-latitude of the southern margin of Jiamusi-Mongolia Block, where developed the Zhesi brachiopod fauna, is suggested ranging from 40°N to 60°N. Zhesi brachiopod fauna is an endemic fauna, containing more than 75% endemic species and self-grouped as a biogeographic province, termed Inner Mongolia Province. These characteristics indicate that this area was closed or semiclosed at that time. On the Jiamusi-Mongolia Block, the Herlen-Jiamusi Old-land as an obvious ＂continental barrier＂ hindered the northward migration of the Zhesi brachiopod fauna and the immigration of brachiopod species from other areas. The Tarim plate has collided with the Kazakhstan plate and the western part of South Tianshan-Beishan-Xar Moron Ocean has been closed. At the same time, the western margin of Jiamusi-Mongolia Block was joined with the Tarim plate. The Xar Moron Ocean in south of Jiamusi-Mongolia Block was wide e- nough and the ocean temperature rose gradually southward, so that it is not suitable for the cold-water brachiopods to survive and thrive on the northern margin of the North China plate. Thus, the ocean with large width and high temperature formed another natural barrier for the southward migration of the cold-water brachiopods.

Comparison of wrist motion classification methods using surface electromyogram

The Gaussian mixture model (GMM), k-nearest neighbor (k-NN), quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were compared to classify wrist motions using surface electromyogram (EMG). Effect of feature selection in EMG signal processing was also verified by comparing classification accuracy of each feature, and the enhancement of classification accuracy by normalization was confirmed. EMG signals were acquired from two electrodes placed on the forearm of twenty eight healthy subjects and used for recognition of wrist motion. Features were extracted from the obtained EMG signals in the time domain and were applied to classification methods. The difference absolute mean value (DAMV), difference absolute standard deviation value (DASDV), mean absolute value (MAV), root mean square (RMS) were used for composing 16 double features which were combined of two channels. In the classification methods, the highest accuracy of classification showed in the GMM. The most effective combination of classification method and double feature was (MAV, DAMV) of GMM and its classification accuracy was 96.85%. The results of normalization were better than those of non-normalization in GMM, k-NN, and LDA.

基于蓝牙4.0的便携式睡眠监测仪的研制

目的:实时监测睡眠状况,从而帮助人们特别是老人找到影响睡眠的原因。方法:设计了一个低功耗便携式睡眠监测仪,它是通过加速度传感器采集腕动信号、蓝牙4.0低功耗无线传输、Micro-SD卡存储、上位机显示等实现对睡眠状态的检测。为了验证睡眠监测仪的准确性,本文采用了视频分析方法,并且对不同人群进行监测。结果:研制的睡眠监测仪具有便携低功耗等特点,能够准确监测睡眠状态。结论:睡眠监测仪的研制对使用者特别是老人帮助很大,能够帮助使用者方便适时了解自己的睡眠状况,找到影响睡眠原因和改善睡眠质量方法。

孕妇主观与客观睡眠质量相关性及妊娠压力的效应修饰

目的研究孕妇主观睡眠质量和客观睡眠质量之间的相关性,分析不同妊娠压力水平下孕妇主观与客观睡眠质量相关性的差异,以更确切地评估孕妇的睡眠质量.方法选取2017年3月-2018年3月松江区323名孕16周的孕妇为研究对象,用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)评价近1个月主观睡眠质量,用腕部体动仪记录孕妇连续7d的客观睡眠质量,用孕妇生活事件量表评价妊娠压力.结果被调查孕妇的PSQI评分平均为6.39分.腕部体动仪记录得到的睡眠时间、清醒次数、清醒时间和客观睡眠效率都与主观睡眠质量维度、睡眠持续性维度及匹兹堡睡眠质量指数有相关性,相关系数0.112~0.173,其中清醒次数与匹兹堡睡眠量表测量结果的相关性最强.相比妊娠压力相对较小的孕妇,妊娠压力较大的孕妇清醒次数和清醒时间与PSQI得分、客观睡眠效率与PSQI得分的线性相关关系不明显.结论在孕妇中,问卷量表和腕部体动仪测得的主观与客观睡眠质量存在较弱的相关性,在反映睡眠质量方面有不同的侧重性.妊娠压力是主观与客观睡眠质量相关性的效应修饰因子,对于妊娠压力大的孕妇,尤其要注意同时观测主观与客观睡眠质量问题.

Exceptionally preserved brachiopods from the Chengjiang Lagerst(a|¨)tte(Yunnan,China):Perspectives on the Cambrian explosion of metazoans

The Cambrian explosion was coined to describe the geologically sudden appearance of numerous bilaterian body plans(Phyla)around the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition,around 565-520million years ago.Many explanations and conjectures have been postulated in order to explain the pattern and duration of this explosive radiation of many different phyla of early metazoans.Here,we focus on the evolution of a phylum of marine suspension-feeding animals—the brachiopods,as exemplified by the exceptionally preserved taxa from the celebrated Chengjiang Konservat Lagerst(a|¨)tte(Yunnan,China).The abundant soft-bodied preservation at these fossil quarries gives us the only firm insights into what brachiopods looked like and how they functioned and lived when they first appeared on the Earth.Studies of Chengjiang brachiopods demonstrate that the early animals developed a remarkably varied organization of tissues and organs shortly after the onset of Cambrian explosion.In the marine suspension-feeding brachiopods,most importantly the tentaculate feeding structure of early brachiopods is already differentiated into two shapes of lophophore,anteriorly coiled(spiralled)and posteriorly arching tentacle crowns and the unique latter type was previously not documented from fossil and living brachiopods.Also unlike any known Recent brachiopod,all the known Cambrian brachiopods from Chengjiang have an open digestive tract that was disposed either as a Ushaped gut in linguliform and stem group brachiopods,or straight gut with a posterior anus in some calcareous-shelled stocks.Moreover,in contrast toliving lingulids,all the Cambrian brachiopods have an epibenthic lifestyle either cemented by a ventral valve or attached by variable pedicles to establish complex ecological community encompassing primary tierers and variable secondary tierers.It is therefore assumed that brachiopods were the first benthic metazoan that achieved their success in ecological stratification and tiering complexity by late Atdabanian.The setae are also important for the brachiopod suspension-feeding life style,and in the Chengjiang braehiopods they include two types cilia-like and spine-like setae.The mantle canals of different braehiopod species are also distinctly variable in arrangement,mainly disposed in pinnate,baeulate and peripheral conditions.Of these,the peripheral disposition of mantle canals is for the first time proposed here so as to differentiate from the bifurcate condition in recent lingulids in that the former is devoid of posteriorly extending main trunks of sinus,but possesses a diverging dorsal vascula media in dichotomy.

Coevolution of brachiopod paleobiogeography and tectonopaleogeography during the late Paleozoic in Central Asia

Patterns of brachiopod paleobiogeographic regionalization in Central Asia reveal a coevolution between brachiopod paleobiogeography and tectonopaleogeography during the Early Devonian,Early Carboniferous,Late Carboniferous,Early Permian,and Middle Permian.The coevolutionary relationship reasonably accounts for the formation mechanisms of brachiopod paleobiogeography in this region,and also provides a basis for studies on the location and configuration of oceans and plates(blocks)during the late Paleozoic in Central Asia.

First report of brachiopods with soft parts from the Lower Cambrian Latham Shale (Series 2, Stage 4), California

Exceptionally preserved faunas have greatly improved our understanding of animal origin and evolution,and systematic investigations of Cambrian sediments around the world during the last two decades have led to a dramatic increase in the num-bers of Konservat-Lagerstatten[1].

Evolution and paleogeography of Eospirifer(Spiriferida,Brachiopoda) in Late Ordovician and Silurian

Eospirifer,the oldest known genus of the spiriferide group(Brachiopoda),first appeared on the Zhe-Gan Platform of South China paleoplate during late Katian(Late Ordovician) represented by E.praecursor.It survived the end-Ordovician mass extinction,and reappeared on the Upper Yangtze Platform of South China paleoplate by the end of Ordovician near the upper part of the Normalograptus persculptus Biozone.Starting from the beginning of Silurian,Eospirifer experienced some morphological innovations and expanded its geographical distribution substantially.It reached its species diversity acme and the widest geographic distribution in Wenlock(middle Silurian),with the diversity hotspots in Laurentia,Avalonia,and Baltica.Various shell size frequency curves of E.praecursor under different paleogeographic settings suggest that this pioneer species of Eospirifer,with several macroevolutionary novelties,adopted a range of life strategies to adapt to the changing environments during early spiriferide evolution.There are also some morphological macroevolutionary trends during the evolutionary history of Eospirifer from Late Ordovician to the end of Silurian,such as the ever enlarging shell sizes and the width/length ratios from late Katian to Wenlock,but decreasing apparently of both parameters from Wenlock to Pridoli.

Boron isotopic composition of Paleozoic brachiopod and coeval coral calcites in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, China

Boron isotope values in Paleozoic brachiopods and corals, collected from the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, China, can be used to constrain the boron isotope compositions of past oceans. All brachiopod shells and coral samples were screened for diagenetic recrystallization by cathodoluminescence microscopy, trace element geochemistry of B, Fe, Mn, Sr, and scanning electron microscopy. The boron isotope ratios for brachiopods in Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, and Triassic calcites are in the ranges 8.9‰-14.0‰, 8.8‰-13.8‰, 10.3‰-16.3‰, and 6.7‰-12.4‰, respectively. The boron isotope ratios of coral calcites in the Silurian, Devonian, and Permian are 9.1‰-12.2‰, 6.1‰-13.8‰, and 9.2‰-16.1‰, respectively. The δ11B values for both brachiopods and corals are significantly lower than those for modern biogenic carbonates, indicating that the Paleozoic oceans were depleted of δ11B by up to 10‰. Our results are consistent with previous published studies. The boron isotope compositions of corals and brachiopods show the consistent trends. The low δ11B values may be explained by an enhanced riverine flux of boron from the continents.

High-finesse displacement sensor and a theoretical accelerometer model based on a fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer

A displacement sensor based on the fiber Fabry-Perot (F-P) cavity was proposed in this paper. Theoretical and experimental analyses were presented. Displacement resolution was demonstrated by spectrum-domain experiments to obtain the dynamic range of the F-P sensor, and a piezoelectric crystal unit (PZT) was used as the driver. The output signal was modulated by a piezoelectric ceramic ring and demodulated by a phase-locked oscillator. The experimental results show that the displacement resolution of the F-P sensor is less than 5 nm and the dynamic range is more than 100 μm. As acceleration is the second-order differential of displacement, an accelerometer model was proposed using the finite element method (FEM) nd ANSYS software.

Unusual combined fracture dislocation of the wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints： a case report and review of the literature

Volar perilunate fracture dislocation is an extremely rare carpal injury, but associated with metacarpophalangeal joint dislocation of both the ipsilateral index and middle finger has never been reported. We report one case of a 28-year-old man following a high-energy trauma. After performing closed reduction of the metacarpophalangeal joint injury, open reduction of the wrist injury through volar approach was done, and a K-wire fixation was used to stabilize the scaphoid fracture and lunotriquetral joint. After a 16 months＇ follow-up period, the wrist regained a full range of motion without symptoms, and the fractured bone was strengthened in a good position.

Intraosseous ganglion cyst of the lunate： A case report

Intraosseous ganglion cyst of the carpal bones represents a rare cause of wrist pain. We report a case of a 42 year-old, right-handed female, who presented with pain of the right wrist following a fall on the palm of the hand. Clinical study revealed a moderate swelling over the mid-section of the palmar face and pain through extreme ranges of motion of the wrist. Plain radiographs and CT-scan of the wrist have revealed an intraosseous ganglion cyst of the lunate bone. Curetting-filling by Kuhlman＇s vascularized radial bone graft allowed a good functional recovery. The clinical, radiological and therapeutic asoects are discussed.