Identification of Shiga-like toxin Escherichia coli isolated from children with diarrhea by polymerase chain reaction

Objective To evaluate the etiology of Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli (SLTEC) in children with diarrhea. Methods We designed and synthesized 3 pairs of primers located in the SLT1, SLT2, and eaeA genes of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), while the virulent genes SLT1, SLT2, and eaeA from E.coli species were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results One strain of EHEC with SLT1, SLT2, and eaeA in 29 reference strains of diarrhea-causing E.coli (DCEC) and 10 strains of other enterobacteria detected by PCR had positive reactions, while all other DCEC and enterobacteria were negative. Of 474 strains of E. coli isolated from 1032 children with diarrhea and detected by PCR, 20 strains of SLT1 producing E. coli (4.2%) positive, and 7 strains of SLT2 producing E.coli (1.5%) positive; while of 74 strains of entero-SLTs-producing and invasive Escherichia coli (ESIEC), 15 strains of SLT1 (20.3%) and 5 strains of SLT2 (6.8%) were positive. Conclusion Shiga-like toxin E. coli has been identified as a major etiologic agent of children with diarrhea in Taiyuan, China.

Treatment of 128 Cases of Lienteric Diarrhea by Acupuncture and Spine Pinching

Lienteric diarrhea is a disorder characterized by increased frequency of bowel movements with loose or watery stools. It may happen in any seasons, but more frequently in summer and autumn. We treated 128 cases of lienteric diarrhea by acupuncture and spine pinching, and reported it as follows.

“Four-Step Massage” in Treating Childhood Spleen-Deficiency Diarrhea

Objective： To observe the clinical effects of a modified Tuina method in the treatment of childhood diarrhea. Methods： Thirty children with diarrhea of spleen deficiency were treated by ＂Four-Step Tuina＂（treatment group）; and control group was treated with routine Tuina methods. The scale of children diarrhea was used as an objective index for therapeutic effect evaluation. Results： After treatment, the scale was 1.4±1.92 in treatment group and 3.3±3.45 in control group; the statistical analysis showed that there was a difference between the scales; the treatment group had better effects than control group, in another word, the ＂Four-Step Tuina ＂ was quite effective for children diarrhea. Conclusion： Tuina has positive effects on children diarrhea of spleen deficiency, which provides evidences for the standardization of clinical therapeutic effects.

A Highly Pathogenic Strain of Porcine Deltacoronavirus Caused Watery Diarrhea in Newborn Piglets

Porcine deltacoronavirus(PDCoV) is a newly identified virus that causes watery diarrhea in newborn piglets and results in significant economic losses to the pig industry. Since first reported in Hong Kong in 2012, PDCoV has been subsequently detected in USA, South Korea, Thailand, and China's Mainland. Here we isolated a strain of PDCoV, named CHN-GD-2016,from the intestinal content of a diseased newborn piglet with severe diarrhea in a pig farm in Guangdong, China. PDCoV CHN-GD-2016 could be identified by immunofluorescence with PDCoV specific rabbit antisera, and typical crown-shaped particles with spiky surface projections of this PDCoV were observed with electron microscopy. Genomic analysis showed that the PDCoV CHN-GD-2016 was closely related to other Chinese PDCoV strains, with the highest sequence similarity with the strain CHN/Tianjin/2016. Importantly, inoculation of newborn piglets with 1×10~5 TCID_(50) of CHN-GD-2016 by oral feeding successfully reproduced clear clinical symptoms, including vomiting, dehydration, and severe diarrhea in piglets. In addition, the virus RNA in rectal swabs from 1 to 7 days post inoculation was detected, macroscopic and microscopic lesions in small intestine were observed, and viral antigen was also detected in the small intestines with immunohistochemical staining. Collectively, the data show in this study confirms that PDCoV is present in Guangdong,China and is highly pathogenic in newborn piglets.

Clinical study on Tuina plus Shen Ling Bai Zhu San in treating children with diarrhea due to spleen deficiency

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of Tuina(Chinese therapeutic massage)plus Shen Ling Bai Zhu San for pediatric diarrhea due to spleen deficiency.Methods:A total of 105 children with diarrhea due to spleen deficiency were selected and randomized into two groups by the random number table method.Fifty-two cases in the control group were treated with oral Shen Ling Bai Zhu San,and 53 cases in the observation group were treated with additional Tuina treatment.The clinical efficacy was evaluated after treatment,and the changes of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)symptom scores were observed.Results:During the trial,there were three dropouts in the observation group,and two in the control group.After the treatment,the total effective rate was 100.0%in the observation group,and 90.0%in the control group.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).The scores of primary and secondary symptoms,and the total scores of TCM symptoms in both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.05).And the scores of primary and secondary symptoms,and the total score of TCM symptoms in the observation group after treatment were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).There were no obvious adverse reactions in either group during the treatment.Conclusion:Tuina plus Shen Ling Bai Zhu San has a better therapeutic effect in treating pediatric diarrhea due to spleen deficiency than Shen Ling Bai Zhu San alone.

Therapeutic observation of Tui-pushing Wujing plus Chinese patent medicine for infantile diarrhea due to spleen deficiency

Objective:To observe the therapeutic efficacy of pediatric tuina plus Chinese patent medicine for preschool kids with diarrhea due to spleen deficiency.Methods:Ninety-two eligible kids were divided into a tuina plus Chinese patent medicine and a Chinese patent medicine group by the random number table,with 46 cases in each group.The Chinese patent medicine group was intervened by oral administration of Qi Wei Bai Zhu San(Seven-ingredient Atractylodes Macrocepholo Powder);the tuina plus Chinese patent medicine group was additionally given pediatric tuina therapy once a day,20 min each time.Efficacy and safety were evaluated after 7-day treatment in both groups,and a 14-day follow-up was conducted.Results:After treatment,the symptom scores all changed significantly in the two groups(all P<0.05).After intervention,the symptom scores in the tuina plus Chinese patent medicine group were significantly different from those in the Chinese patent medicine group(all P<0.05).The total effective rate was 78.3%in the Chinese patent medicine group,versus 89.1%in the tuina plus Chinese patent medicine group,and the between-group difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Three cases got a relapse in the Chinese patent medicine group,versus one case in the tuina plus Chinese patent medicine group,and the between-group difference was statistically insignificant(P>0.05).The two groups each had one case of vomiting,which were treated properly and turned better.No other adverse reactions occurred.Conclusion:Tuina plus Chinese patent medicine and Chinese patent medicine alone both are effective for diarrhea due to spleen deficiency in kids,but the combined therapy can produce more significant efficacy.