抗妇炎糜泡腾栓对混合细菌感染性大鼠阴道炎及子宫颈炎模型的影响

目的:观察抗妇炎糜泡腾栓对实验性大鼠阴道炎及子宫颈炎模型的药效。方法:雌性大鼠双侧卵巢切除,通过计算机图像检测指标值观察药物高中低剂量对混合细菌感染性大鼠阴道炎及子宫颈炎模型的治疗作用。结果:大鼠阴道分泌物细菌培养检查,抗妇炎糜泡腾栓223.2、111.6、55.8mg生药/kg(450、225、112.5mg栓重/kg,分别为临床成年人每日拟用平均剂量的10倍、5倍、2.5倍)对混合细菌性大鼠阴道炎及宫颈炎模型治疗2周后,对白色念珠菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的生长均有明显抑制作用,使细菌菌落数量显著减少。故3种剂量对混合细菌感染性大鼠阴道炎(及子宫颈炎)模型的阴道璧黏膜炎症病理形态11项检测指标均有显著的治疗作用。表明妇炎糜泡腾栓较小剂量(112.5mg栓重/kg)时就会发较好的治疗作用。结论:抗妇炎糜泡腾栓对混合细菌感染性大鼠阴道炎及子宫颈炎具有良好的治疗作用,此为抗妇炎泡腾栓作为新药及新剂型的开发提供了研究依据。

菝葜妇炎泡腾栓止痒生肌收敛止血作用研究

目的:研究菝葜妇炎泡腾栓是否有止痒、生肌祛腐及收敛止血的作用,从而客观评价其止痒、祛腐生肌、收敛止血的功效。方法:以菝葜妇炎泡腾栓3种不同剂量用雌性豚鼠与小鼠造模,通过止痒、促进创口愈合、促进烫伤溃疡愈合及止血试验来客观评价其药效学的治疗作用。结果:菝葜妇炎泡腾栓111.6、55.8mg生药/kg剂量均具有显著止痒作用,可使引起豚鼠瘙痒的磷酸组织胺总用量(致痒阈)显著增加;223.3mg生药/kg剂量具有显著促进伤口愈合作用,降低创口损伤程度等级;111.6、55.8mg生药/kg剂量均具有显著促进烫伤溃疡面愈合作用,使烫伤溃疡面痊愈时间分别缩短17.32%和15.64%;223.3、111.6、55.8mg生药/kg 3种剂量均可使小鼠的凝血时间分别缩短40.78%、30.87%和24.27%,这种止血作用对阴道炎的阴道壁黏膜出血,以及宫颈糜烂时所引起的出血症状均可发挥治疗作用。结论:菝葜妇炎泡腾栓有显著的止痒生肌收敛止血作用。

通络醒脑泡腾片对痴呆大鼠突触素表达的影响

目的:探讨通络醒脑泡腾片对AD大鼠学习记忆和海马突触素表达的影响,为其防治老年痴呆提供依据。方法:建立Aβ25-35海马注射痴呆大鼠模型,采用Morris水迷宫检测大鼠学习记忆能力,采用免疫组织化学和图像分析技术对大鼠海马突触素表达进行定量分析。结果:通络醒脑泡腾片7.56g/kg、3.78 g/kg和1.89 g/kg均能够显著缩短大鼠定向航行测试的逃避潜伏期,显著延长空间探索测试第一象限停留时间和平台停留时间,增加经过平台次数,与模型对照组比较有显著的统计学意义(P<0.05),并能够显著提高海马区突触素平均光密度,提高海马区、尤其是海马CA1区突触素的表达,与模型对照组比较有显著的统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:通络醒脑泡腾片具有提高AD大鼠学习记忆能力,促进海马突触素表达的作用,提示其益智作用与促进海马突触素重塑有关。

民国时期边地傣族土司的国家认同——《建设腾龙边区各土司地意见书》概说

民国时期,从刀安仁呈文到《建设腾龙边区各土司地意见书》,腾龙边区傣族土司多次提出边地建设计划,力图提高边疆在国家政治、经济、军事和国防中的地位,借以向中央及云南省政府表示归附与忠心,充分反映出腾龙边区傣族上层国家认同意识的加强与发展。而《建设腾龙边区各土司地意见书》是由时任土司代办、"国大代表"制定的边疆开发方案,其最终目的是在改革之下保留土司制度,立意并不高明,但书中的建设主张,仍多洞悉边情、娴熟于边疆治理的务实之论。

菝葜妇炎泡腾栓对大鼠血液学及摄食量等长毒实验的安全性研究

目的:观察连续重复给予菝葜妇炎泡腾栓较大剂量及较长疗程后对大鼠可能产生的毒性反应,为临床用药的安全性评价提供参考。方法:以菝葜妇炎泡腾栓高、中、低三种剂量:1674、837、418 mg生药/kg(450、225、112.5 mg干浸膏/kg,浓度分别为900、450、225 mg干浸膏/ml,给药容量均为0.05 ml/100 g体重,分别为成人临床拟用剂量的75倍、37.5倍和17.85倍),对大鼠连续阴道给药2个月(9周)及停药2周;观察对大鼠血液学、体重与摄食量及器官组织形态学的影响。结果:菝葜妇炎泡腾栓较大剂量及较长疗程(2个月)对大鼠阴道内注入给药,对大鼠外观行为状态、体重及摄食量、血液学及重要器官组织的病理形态学均无毒性,且停药后也无继发性毒性,另对兴奋骨髓造血机能可能有益作用。结论:菝葜妇炎泡腾栓长期阴道用药安全无毒、有效。

抗妇炎糜泡腾栓对苯酚胶浆致大鼠阴道炎及宫颈炎模型的影响

目的:观察抗妇炎糜泡腾栓对苯酚胶浆致大鼠阴道炎及宫颈炎模型的作用。方法:雌性大鼠用苯酚胶浆致大鼠阴道炎及子宫颈炎后,通过计算机图像检测药物高中低剂量对大鼠阴道璧黏膜炎症病理形态,观察药物对苯酚胶浆致大鼠阴道炎及宫颈炎模型的治疗作用。结果:抗妇炎糜泡腾栓223.25、111.63、55.82mg生药/kg对大鼠阴道璧黏膜炎症病有治疗作用,且以低剂量与高剂量较佳。对子宫颈黏膜炎症病理形态也有治疗作用;经对比试验抗妇炎糜泡腾栓的抗炎作用显著强于阳性对照药物消糜阴道泡腾片,而阳性对照药物消糜阴道泡腾片的此两项指标数值虽然亦低于模型对照组,但无统计学意义。结论:抗妇炎糜泡腾栓低剂量组55.82mg生药/kg对苯酚胶浆致大鼠阴道炎及子宫颈炎具有治疗作用。

Species- and Habitat-variability of Photosynthesis, Transpiration and Water Use Efficiency of Different Plant Species in Maowusu Sand Area

Photosynthesis ( P n ), transpiration ( E ) and water use efficiency ( WUE ) of more than 66 arid sand species from different environmental habitats, shifting sand dune, fixed sand dune, lowland and wetland in the Maowusu Sand Area were analyzed and the relation among these characteristics and the resource utilization efficiency, taxonomic categories and growth forms of the species were assessed. The results showed that species from Chenopodiaceae, Gramineae, Leguminosae which possessed the C 4 photosynthesis pathway, or C 3 pathway and also with nitrogen_fixation capacities had higher or the highest P n values, i.e., 20～30 μmol CO 2·m -2 ·s -1 , while that of evergreen shrub of Pinaceae had the lowest P n values, i.e., 0～5 μmol CO 2·m -2 ·s -1 . Those species from Compositae, Scrophulariaceae, and Gramineae with C 3 pathway but no N_fixation capacity had the highest E rates, i.e., 20～30 mmol H 2O·m -2 ·s -1 and again the evergreen shrub together with some species from Salicaceae and Compositae had the lowest E rates, i.e., 0～5 mmol H 2O·m -2 ·s -1 . Species from Leguminosae, Gramineae and Chenopodiaceae with C 4 pathway or C 3 pathway with N_fixation capacity, both shrubs and grasses, generally had higher WUE . However, even the physiological traits of the same species were habitat_ and season_specific. The values of both P n and E in late summer were much higher than those in early summer, with average increases of 26%, 40% respectively in the four habitats. WUE in late summer was, however, 12% lower. Generally, when the environments became drier as a result of habitats changed, i.e., in the order of wetland, lowland, fixed sand dune and shifting sand dune, P n and E decreased but WUE increased.

FEM simulation and experimental verification of temperature field and phase transformation in deep cryogenic treatment

Combining with the low temperature material properties and the boiling heat transfer coefficient of specimen immersed in the liquid nitrogen, a numerical model based on metallo-thermo-mechanical couple theory was established to reproduce the deep cryogenic treatment （DCT） process of a newly developed cold work die steel Cr8Mo2SiV （SDC99）. Moreover, an experimental setup for rapid temperature measurement was designed to validate the simulation results. The investigation suggests that the differences in temperature and cooling rate between the surface and core of specimen are very significant. However, it should be emphasized that the acute temperature and cooling rate changes during DCT are mainly concentrated on the specimen surface region about 1/3 of the sample thickness. Subjected to DCT, the retained austenite of quenched specimen continues to transform to martensite and finally its phase volume fraction reduces to 2.3%. The predicted results are coincident well with the experimental data, which demonstrates that the numerical model employed in this study can accurately capture the variation characteristics of temperature and microstructure fields during DCT and provide a theoretical guidance for making the reasonable DCT procedure.

Gas Exchange, Xylem Ions and Abscisic Acid Response to Na^+-Salts and Cl^--Salts in Populus euphratica

We investigated the osmotic stress and ion-specific effects on xylem abscisic acid (ABA), ion uptake and transport and gas exchange in one-year-old seedlings of Populus euphratica Oliv. Net photosynthetic rates (P-n) and unit transpiration rates (TRN) were both significantly decreased upon an osmotic shock caused by PEG 6000 solution (osmotic potential = -0.24 MPa) or a saline, which was applied by 50 mmol/L Na+-salts (NaNO3 : NaHCO3 : NaH2PO4 = 5 : 4 : 1, pH 6.8, osmotic potential = -0.24 MPa) or by 50 mmol/L Cl--salts (KCl : NH4Cl = 1:1, osmotic potential = -0.24 MPa). However, salt-treated P. euphratica plants maintained typically higher TRN than those exposed to PEG. Xylem ABA concentrations increased rapidly following the PEG treatment, exhibiting peaking values at 1 h, then returning to pre-stress levels, followed by a gradual increase. Similarly, both Na+-treated and Cl--treated trees exhibited a rapid rise of ABA after salt stress was initiated. Notably, salt-treated plants maintained a relatively higher ABA than PEG-treated plants in a longer term. Collectively, results suggest that osmotic stress and ion-specific effects were both responsible for salt-induced ABA in P. euphratica : the initial rapid increase of xylem ABA appears to be a consequence of an osmotic shock, whereas specific salt effects seem to be responsible for ABA accumulation later on. Compared with Cl--treated trees, a higher inhibitory effect on gas exchange (P-n and TRN) was observed in Na+-salt plants, resulting from its long-sustained ABA and higher salt concentrations in the xylem. Displacement of membrane-associated Ca2+ by Na+ and the lesser capacity in Na+ compartmentation in root vacuoles likely contribute to the high influx of Na+ and Cl- in Na+-treated plants. Xylem K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations were elevated by external Na+ -salts and Cl--salts, suggesting that P. euphratica maintained a higher capacity in nutrient uptake under saline conditions, which makes a contribution to its salinity tolerance.

SIMULATION OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF C 3 PLANT LEAVES TO ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS BY A MODEL WHICH COMBINES STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE, PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND TRANSPIRATION

Transpiration element is included in the integrated stomatal conductance photosynthesis model by considering gaseous transfer processes, so the present model is capable to simulate the influence of boundary layer conductance. Leuning in his revised Ball's model replaced relative humidity with VPD s (the vapor pressure deficit from stomatal pore to leaf surface) and thereby made the relation with transpiration more straightforward, and made it possible for the regulation of transpiration and the influence of boundary layer conductance to be integrated into the combined model. If the differences in water vapor and CO 2 concentration between leaf and ambient air are considered, VPD s , the evaporative demand, is influenced by stomatal and boundary layer conductance. The physiological responses of photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal function, and the changes of intercellular CO 2 and water use efficiency to environmental factors, such as wind speed, photon flux density, leaf temperature and ambient CO 2, are analyzed. It is shown that if the boundary layer conductance drops to a level comparable with stomatal conductance, the results of simulation by the model presented here differ significantly from those by the previous model, and, in some cases, are more realistic than the latter.

Adaptive responses of Acer ginnala, Pyrus ussuriensis and Prunus davidiana seedlings to soil moisture stress

One-year-old seedlings of Amur maple (Acer ginnala Maxim), Ussurian pear (Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim) and David peach (Prunus davidiana Carr) were planted in pots in greenhouse and treated with four different soil moisture contents (75.0%, 61.1%, 46.4% and 35.4%). The results showed that net photosynthesis rate (NPR), transpiration rate (TR) and stomatal conductance (Sc) of seedlings of the three species decreased with the decease of soil moisture content, and Amur maple seedlings had the greatest change in those physiological indices, followed by Ussurian pear, David peach. Amur maple and Ussurian pear seedlings also presented a decrease tendency in water use efficiency (WUE) under lower soil moisture content, whereas this was reversed for David peach. Under water stress the biomass allocation to seedling root had a significant increase for all the experimental species. As to root/shoot ratio, Amur maple seedlings had the biggest increase, while David peach had the smallest increase. The leaf plasticity of Amur maple seedlings was greater, the leaf size and total leaf area decreased significantly as the stress was intensified. No significant change of leaf size and total leaf area was found in seedlings of Ussurian pear and David peach. It was concluded that Amur maple was more tolerant to soil moisture stress in comparison with David peach and Ussurian pear.

A new heat transfer correlation for flow boiling in helically coiled tubes

Based on the superposition principle of the nucleate boiling and convective heat transfer terms,a new correlation is developed for flow boiling heat transfer characteristics in helically coiled tubes.The effects of the geometric and system parameters on heat transfer characteristics in helically coiled tubes are investigated by collecting large amounts of experimental data and analyzing the heat transfer mechanisms. The existing correlations are divided into two categories,and they are calculated with the experimental data.The Dn factor is introduced to take into account the effect of a complex geometrical structure on flow boiling heat transfer.A new correlation is developed for predicting the flow boiling heat transfer coefficients in the helically coiled tubes,which is validated by the experimental data of R134a flow boiling heat transfer in them;and the average relative error and root mean square error of the new correlation are calculated.The results show that the new correlation agrees well with the experimental data,indicating that the new correlation can be used for predicting flow boiling heat transfer characteristics in the helically coiled tubes.

Pool boiling performance of porous surface tubes under vacuum conditions

Two types of tube bundles are designed,which are,respectively,composed of six tubes arranged in the boiling chamber.The nucleate pool boiling performance of smooth tube bundles and sintered porous surface tube bundles with deionized water as a medium are experimentally studied at atmospheric and sub-atmospheric pressures,respectively.The experimental results indicate that the boiling heat transfer coefficients of the two types of tube bundles increase with the increase in pressure under vacuum conditions as they behave under ordinary pressure.As the pressure varies from 10 to 100 kPa,it also can be seen that the heat transfer coefficient of the sintered porous surface tube is increased by 0.2 to 4 times compared with the smooth one under the same operating parameters.In addition,the experimental data show that a definite bundle effect exists in both sintered porous surface tubes and smooth tubes under vacuum conditions.

Effects of Different Vibration Intensities Harvesting on Photosynthesis System Parameters of Lycium barbarum L. Trees with Harvest Machine

The effects of different vibration intensities harvesting on photosynthesis system parameters of Lycium barbarum L. tree with harvest machine were researched. The result showed that the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomata conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration of L. barbarum tree＇s leaves under different treatment during different periods have no significant difference compared with contrast. It indicates that there is no significant effect on photosynthesis system parameters of L. barbarum tree＇s leaves with harvest machine.

Fabrication and testing of phase change heat sink for high power LED

A novel phase change heat sink was fabricated for packaging cooling of high power light emitting diode （LED）. 3D structures as enhanced boiling structure in the evaporation surface were composed of a spiral micro-groove along circumferential direction and radial micro-grooves which were processed by ploughing-extrusion （P-E） and stamping, respectively. Meanwhile, the cycle power of refrigerant was supplied by wick of sintered copper powder on internal surface of phase change heat sink. Operational characteristics were tested under different heat loads and refrigerants. The experimental results show that phase change heat sink is provided with a good heat transfer capability and the temperature of phase change heat sink reaches 86.8 ℃ under input power of 10 W LED at ambient temperature of 20 ℃.

Effects of water stress on Haloxylon ammodendron seedlings in the desert region of Heihe inland river watershed, Gansu Province, China

The water relation and leaf gas exchange of saxoul (Haloxylon Ammodendron Bge, a C4 shrub) seedlings were studied under water stress in 2001. Saxoul seedlings maintained high transpiration when the soil moisture was above 11%. The seedlings were able to take up water from soil with above 6 % soil water content, which was the threshold level of soil moisture for seedlings. The relationship between transpiration and potential evaporation was linear for well-watered seedlings. The de-crease of soil water availability led to different degrees of down-regulation of stomatal conductance, leaf transpiration and net CO2 assimilation rate. The stomata played a relatively small part in determining the net CO2 assimilation rate for the same seedling. The relationship between net CO2 assimilation rate and transpiration was linear diurnally, and reduction scale of leaf transpiration was much bigger than that of net CO2 assimilation rate by waters tress treatments, therefore intrinsic wa-ter-use-efficiency increased. High evaporative demand increased the leaf transpiration but inhibited net CO2 assimilation rate. Because of the effect of VPD on transpiration in this region, the transpiration of well-watered and mild water stress seedlings becomes responsive to change in stomatal conductance over a wider range.

Responses of the seedlings of five dominant tree species in Changbai Mountain to soil water stress

Soil water stress was studied on the potted seedlings of five dominant tree species (Pinus koraienes Sieb.et Zucc., Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr., Juglans mandshurica Maxim, Tilia amurensis Rupr. and Quercus mongolica Fisch.ex Turcz) from the broadleaved/Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain. Leaf growth, water transpiration and photosynthesis were compared for each species under three soil moisture conditions: 85%-100% (high water, CK), 65%-85% (Medium water, MW) and 45%-65% (low water, LW) of 37.4% water-holding capacity in field. The results showed that the characteristic of typical drought-resistance of the leaves is significantly developed. The net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency of Fraxinus mandshurica were higher in MW than those in CK. But for the other four species, the net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency in CK were lower than those in MW and LW. The transpiration rate responding to soil moistures varied from species to species.

Response of seedlings of different tree species to elevated CO_2 in Changbai Mountain

Eco-physiological responses of seedlings of eight species, Pinus koraiensis, Picea koraiensis, Larix olgensis, Populus ussuriensis, Betula platyphylla, Tilia amurensis, Traxinus mandshurica and Acer mono from broadleaved/Korean pine forest, to elevated CO2 were studied by using open-top chambers under natural sunlight in Changbai Mountain, China in two growing seasons (1998-1999). Two concentrations of CO2 were designed: elevated CO2 (700 祄olmol-1) and ambient CO2 (400 祄olmol-1). The study results showed that the height growth of the tree seedlings grown at elevated CO2 increased by about 10%-40% compared to those grown at ambient CO2. And the water using efficiency of seedlings also followed the same tendency. However, the responses of seedlings in transpiration and chlorophyll content to elevated CO2 varied with tree species. The broad-leaf tree species were more sensitive to the elevated CO2 than conifer tree species. All seedlings showed a photosynthetic acclimation to long-term elevated CO2.

Comparison of Gas Exchange Characteristic in Leaves of Soybean Varieties with Different Yield Levels

[Objective] The aim was to explore the gases exchange characteristic in leaves of soybean cultivars at different yield levels to provide a certain theories basis for high yield breeding and cultivation of soybean cultivars. [Method] Nine soybean cultivars divided into three yield levels were planted under the same environmental condition. At V4（seedling）,R2（blooming）,R4（pod-bearing）,R6（pod-filling） and R7（maturing） growth stages,the net photosynthetic rate （Pn）,stomatal conductance （Gs） and transpiration rate （Tr） in soybean leaves were measured with Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system. [Result] At all growth stages,the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance in leaves of high yield soybean cultivars were significantly higher than low yield soybean cultivars. At V4,R2 and R4 stages,transpiration rate in leaves of high yield soybean cultivars was significantly higher than low yield soybean cultivars; there was no significant difference on transpiration rate in leaves of soybean cultivars at different yield levels at R6 and R7 stage. At V4 and R2 stage,water use efficiency （WUE） in leaves of soybean cultivars at different yield showed a trend of low yield cultivarsmiddle yield cultivarshigh yield cultivars,while it appeared high yield cultivarsmiddle yield cultivarslow yield cultivars at R4,R6 and R7 stage. [Conclusion] The gases exchange capacity in leaves of high yield soybean cultivars was significantly higher than low yield soybean cultivars,which had provided physiological basis of high yield. The net photosynthetic rate could be used as an selection index of high yield soybean.

金莲清热泡腾片治疗手足口病专家建议

手足口病(hand-foot-mouth disease, HFMD)是一种常见的传染病,西医目前对于治疗HFMD无特效药,主要以对症治疗为主。中成药金莲清热泡腾片治疗普通型HFMD有一定优势。本研究在循证医学、专家共识的基础上,形成金莲清热泡腾片治疗普通型HFMD的专家建议。