刺山柑果风湿止痛凝胶膏对SD大鼠胚胎-胎仔发育的影响

目的:观察刺山柑果风湿止痛凝胶膏对SD大鼠胚胎-胎仔发育的影响。方法:实验设刺山柑果风湿止痛凝胶膏高(117.8 g/m^(2))、中(58.9 g/m^(2))、低(29.5 g/m^(2))剂量组,辅料对照组(辅料帖)和阳性对照组(环磷酰胺),妊娠第6天(GD6)~GD15每天经皮给药1次,阳性对照组于GD12皮下注射环磷酰胺。实验期间观察孕鼠的一般状况、体质量和饲料消耗量;GD20处死孕鼠,取胎仔,检查子宫连胎质量、黄体数、着床数、胎仔质量、胎仔身长、胎仔尾长、活胎数、死胎数、吸收胎数、胎仔性别及外观、内脏和骨骼畸形。结果:刺山柑果风湿止痛凝胶膏各剂量组孕鼠体质量、体质量增量、摄食量、子宫连胎质量、子宫和卵巢的脏器质量及其系数、平均黄体数、着床前丢失率、平均着床数、着床率、平均活胎数、活胎率、死胎率、吸收胎率、胎仔性别比、胎仔的外观异常率、窝均体质量、窝均身长、窝均尾长、骨骼畸形率和内脏畸形率与辅料对照组相比差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。结论:刺山柑果风湿止痛凝胶膏对SD大鼠胚胎-胎仔发育毒性的未见不良反应水平为117.8 g/m^(2),是临床拟用体表剂量的12倍。在本试验条件下,SD大鼠经皮给予刺山柑果风湿止痛凝胶膏对胚胎-胎仔发育无毒性影响。

浙江2个主栽枇杷品种加工果膏的品质性状比较

为延长枇杷产业链、提高其附加值,对浙江主栽的软条白沙、大红袍枇杷果实进行果膏加工适应性和品质性状比较研究,筛选适宜品种,并研究果浆加酶处理和浓缩程度对该品种果实出汁率,果膏出膏率,总酸、总酚和总黄酮含量,自由基清除能力,色度值和感官评分的影响,确定果膏加工的关键工艺。结果表明,软条白沙枇杷的出汁率为53.18%,出膏率为20.54%,果膏总酸含量为6.70 g·L^(-1);大红袍枇杷的出汁率为39.88%,出膏率为15.23%,果膏总酸含量为7.64 g·L^(-1),故软条白沙枇杷的加工适应性较好。软条白沙枇杷打浆后加果胶酶和纤维素酶出膏率可提高6.35百分点;果膏中总酚和总黄酮含量、自由基清除能力随可溶性固形物含量增加而提高,从50%浓缩至80%,总酚和总黄酮含量分别提高了242%和211%,1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)和2,2′-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸[2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid),ABTS]自由基清除能力分别提高了1.88、15.26百分点。综合考虑品质性状、产率和节能,建议枇杷果膏加工宜选择软条白沙枇杷为原料,榨汁前加酶处理,将果膏浓缩至可溶性固形物含量为70%。

刺山柑果风湿止痛凝胶膏对SD大鼠的一般生殖毒性

目的:评价刺山柑果风湿止痛凝胶膏对SD大鼠的一般生殖毒性。方法:SD大鼠随机分为辅料对照组(辅料贴)、阳性对照组(环磷酰胺)和刺山柑果风湿止痛凝胶膏高(117.8 g/m^(2))、中(58.9 g/m^(2))、低(29.5 g/m^(2))剂量组,每组雌、雄鼠各25只。每天经皮外贴给药1次,雄鼠给药4周、雌鼠给药2周后按1∶1合笼交配,雄鼠给药至交配成功,雌鼠给药至妊娠第6天,阳性对照组在大鼠给药第1天单次腹腔注射(0.1 g/kg环磷酰胺)。实验期间观察动物的一般状况,体质量、摄食量和交配情况;雄鼠于交配成功当天解剖检查睾丸、附睾及精子情况;雌鼠于妊娠第14天解剖检查子宫、卵巢及胚胎情况。结果:与辅料对照组比较,刺山柑果风湿止痛凝胶膏各剂量组对雄鼠和孕鼠的体质量、饲料消耗量均无明显差异(P>0.05);对雄鼠交配率、睾丸横径、精子数量、精子活动度和畸形率、附睾和睾丸质量均无明显影响(P>0.05);对雌鼠妊娠率、子宫连胎质量、平均黄体数、平均着床数、平均活胎数、平均死胎数、平均吸收胎数、死胎率、卵巢质量亦均无明显影响(P>0.05);但刺山柑果风湿止痛凝胶膏117.8 g/m^(2)剂量组着床前胚胎丢失率升高(P<0.05)、着床率降低(P<0.05),29.5 g/m^(2)组着床前胚胎丢失率降低(P<0.01)、着床率升高(P<0.01)。结论:刺山柑果风湿止痛凝胶膏对雄鼠的生育力无明显毒性影响,高剂量(117.8 g/m^(2))刺山柑果风湿止痛凝胶膏对雌鼠的生育力存在一定影响,中(58.9 g/m^(2))、低(29.5 g/m^(2))剂量对雌鼠的生育力无明显毒性影响。

刺山柑果凝胶膏剂的体外透皮研究

目的研究不同促透剂对刺山柑果凝胶膏中有效成分体外透皮吸收的影响,筛选有效的促透剂。方法选择不同质量分数的氮酮、丙二醇以及氮酮与丙二醇的不同质量比例组合物为促透剂,采用改良的Franz扩散池,以离体小鼠皮肤为透皮屏障,用HPLC测定接收液中有效成分芦丁的含量,考察不同促透剂对刺山柑果凝胶膏中芦丁的单位面积累积透过量和透皮速率常数的影响。结果 20mg.g-1氮酮促渗效果较好,其促渗倍数为1.26倍,芦丁的透皮速率常数为5.45μg.cm-2.h-1。结论不同促透剂对刺山柑果凝胶膏中有效成分的透皮吸收的影响有差异,其中20mg.g-1氮酮能够有效促进凝胶膏中芦丁的体外透皮吸收,可作为刺山柑果凝胶膏的促透剂。

电位滴定法测定刺玫果膏中维生素C的含量

电位滴定法测定刺玫果膏中维生素Ｃ的含量孙玉德（北京市药品检验所１０００３５）刺玫果膏系刺玫果（山刺玫）ＲｏｓａＤａｖｕｒｉｃａＰａｌｌ。的干燥果实，经水提浓缩制成的棕褐色稠膏，富含维生素Ｃ．文献报道，测定维生素Ｃ含量，在复方制剂中有正交函数分光光度法...

居延汉简札记一则

台湾出版《居延汉简》85.28简有"膏果"一词,旧释"高果",且未释其义。"中研院"史语所简牍整理小组隶定作"膏果",此说可从。"膏果"在简牍中仅一见,《汉语大词典》未收,传世文献也未见相关记载。我们认为,"果"当读为"輠",义为"盛膏器"。"膏果"即"膏輠",是指车舆上一种盛放膏油的器皿。此外,该简有"车伏"一词,"伏"字形作"休",传世文献不见"车休",字书中也无相关记载,"休""伏"两字或是形近而讹。

变性淀粉在烘焙食品工业中的应用

食用变性淀粉,是近年来食品行业中应用比较多的一种食品添加剂,由于其主体是天然原淀粉,安全性较高,成本有优势,经过改性后其有些特性又能明显的提高,能适应现代工艺及产品的要求,从而让生产企业更容易接受。本文重点介绍了变性淀粉在果酱果膏、烘焙馅料、蛋糕面包、烘烤上光等烘焙食品方面中的应用。

Comparison between Decolorization Effects of Activated Carbon and Macroporous Resin on Periplaneta americana L. Skimmed Cream

[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the decolorization ef- fects of activated carbon and macroporous resin on Periplaneta americana L. skimmed cream and compare the advantages and disadvantages of the two decolorization technologies. [Method] Periplaneta americana L. skimmed cream was decolored with activated carbon and macroporous resin, and freeze-dried to collect solid decolorization products. By investigating the yield, decolorization rate, protein retention rate and decolorization operation process, the advantages and disadvantages of the two decolorization technologies were compared. [Result] Both activated carbon and macroporous resin can be used for decolorization. To be specific, macroporous resin-decolorization is superior in the yield and protein retention rate, while activated carbon-decolorization is superior in decolorization rate and decolorization operation process. [Conclusion] Macroporous resin-decolorization can be used if protein is the main ingredient required in the experiment, while activated carbon-decolorization can be used if protein is not the main ingredient required.

Effect of ginkgo biloba extract on livers in aged rats

AIM: To investigate the protective effect of ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) on livers of aged rats and the associated mechanisms.METHODS: Two-mo- and 20-mo-old rats were treated with GBE/saline for 3 mo. Liver tissue samples from 5-moold rats treated with saline (group Y) and 23-mo-old rats treated with GBE (group E) or saline (group N) were used for histopathological examinations (hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining, Lipofuscin staining-Schmorl staining) and determination of expression of tissue inhibitor-1 of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Blood samples were collected for determination of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL) and albumin.RESULTS: Microscopic studies with Masson staining revealed mild liver fibrosis in aged rats (group N), while the livers of aged rats receiving GBE (group E) showed amelioration in fibrosis (2.2±0.1 vs 2.8±0.1, P＜0.01) and deposition of lipofuscin (33.7±5.3 vs 62.8±5.7, P＜0.01).The expression of TIMP-1 and the level of liver MDA (1.0±0.1 vs 1.2±0.2, P＜0.05) also decreased but the activity of GPx (97.1±15.3 vs 61.8±14.5, P＜0.01) increased in group E. Compared with group Y, the level of liver MDA (0.8±0.1 vs 1.2±0.2, P＜0.01), lipofuscin (32.4±6.0 vs 62.8±5.7, P＜0.01) and TIMP-1 expression were increased,while the activity of GPx (103.2±17.6 vs61.8±14.5, P＜0.01)and SOD (16.7±4.4 vs 11.8±3.9, P＜0.05) was decreased in group N. There was no difference in liver function among these three groups.CONCLUSION: GBE has protective effects on aging liver.The possible mechanisms might be its antioxidant activity and inhibition of TIMP-1 expression.