红枣机械膜下播种滴灌育苗的方法

新疆具有独特的气候条件,所产红枣优质,因而种植面积迅速扩大。外地买苗成活率低,而采用传统方法育苗,速度慢、成本高;现利用机械膜下播种滴灌育苗的方法,速度快、赶季节、管理省工、出苗整齐、量大、效益高。现将该方法用在直播嫁接建园上,速度快、见效早,促进了新疆枣树迅速发展。

基于农机农艺结合的玉米膜下精密播种机设计

针对传统地膜覆盖需要人工放苗、出苗错位、容易板结及出苗率低等问题,研制一种农艺农机相结合的膜下播种机械。分别采用膜上滚筒播种、播种铺膜不打孔及播种铺膜破膜3种种植模式进行玉米种植试验。结果表明,采用播种后铺膜破膜方式种植的玉米相对出苗率最高,达90%以上。各试验因素中,膜下覆土厚度和膜上覆土厚度对出苗率影响最大,膜下覆土厚度2 cm、膜上覆土厚度2 cm时玉米的出苗效果最好。结合当地降水量进行喷淋试验,在相同雨量的情况下,膜下播种抗板结能力远超传统地膜覆盖。

Plastic-film-covered Rice Cultivation with Drip Irrigation and Development of Sowing Planter

This study aimed to gain more high-quality rice with less water and im- prove the level of national food security. Based on the optimized planting density of rice with drip irrigation, direct sowing technology for plastic-film-covered rice cultiva- tion with drip irrigation was proposed. Furthermore, sowing planter for plastic-film- covered drip-irrigation rice cultivation was developed in accordance with the require- ments for the combination of agricultural technique and agricultural machinery. Ac- cording to the large-scale field production evaluation, the film-punching direct-sowing technology for dry cultivation of rice can greatly reduce the labor consumption and results in neat emergence of seedlings. Productive practice shows that using the developed sowing planter for plastic-film-covered rice cultivation with drip irrigation leads to vacancy rate ≤3%, pass rate of grain number ≥85%, soil-covering rate ≥ 95%, and hole number per acre of 31 000-33 000. In addition, the sowing planter can adapt to the agronomic technical requirements for high-density cultivation of rice and provide technical support for the rice production in arid regions of China. Key words Fargesia murielae; Nutrition mechanism; Age grade; Nutrient distribution

不同耕作方式对春玉米土壤水分、温度及产量的影响

研究覆膜与露地、垄作与平作及膜下与膜侧播种对黑龙港区域春玉米产量形成过程的调节效应。结果表明,覆膜、垄作和膜下播种均显著提高耕层土壤温度,玉米吐丝前增温效果更明显;覆膜对耕层土壤含水量的调控效应达显著水平,吐丝前后分别提高11.08%和10.38%;覆膜能显著提高春玉米苗期、吐丝期和成熟期叶面积指数和干物质积累量,垄作和膜下播种仅显著提高了苗期叶面积指数和干物质积累量;覆膜、垄作和膜侧播种显著提高春玉米产量,增产幅度分别为10.3%~21.7%、8.5%~12.3%和2.8%~6.6%,增产的原因主要是穗粒数的显著增加。