食用菌菌渣制作包膜型缓释肥效果研究

为降低包膜型缓释肥的生产成本,提高食用菌菌渣的利用率,使用灰平菇栽培后的菌渣作为主要包膜材料,以复合肥(15-15-15)为内核制作包膜型复合缓释肥料,并测试其肥力释放情况。研究包括了菌渣添加防水剂、增塑剂、增强剂制作肥料包膜膜液的比例探究试验,根据膜层厚度、膜液黏度和包膜外观评分的结果显示,当添加剂与菌渣含量的比例为20.0∶4.5时制作的膜液整体效果最佳。然后根据不同膜层结构制作缓释肥(D为单层膜液处理、A_(1)为菌渣+膜液双层包膜处理、A_(2)为乙基纤维素+膜液双层包膜处理、B_(1)为膜液+菌渣双层包膜处理、B_(2)为膜液+乙基纤维素双层包膜处理、C_(1)为膜液+菌渣+膜液3层包膜处理、C_(2)为膜液+乙基纤维素+膜液3层包膜处理、CK1为空白对照处理、CK2为复合肥对照处理),通过包埋法研究了不同膜层和材料对缓释肥料肥力释放率的影响。结果显示:在60 d时无膜层处理完全释放;双膜层处理(A_(1)、A_(2)、B_(1)、B_(2))在150 d时几乎完全释放,其肥料释放率均在92%以上;3膜层处理(C_(1)、C_(2))在150 d时肥料释放率分别为78.35%和73.58%。最后通过樱桃萝卜—香菜连作试验验证了不同膜层和材料对缓释肥料的影响,结果显示:樱桃萝卜的外观、生理指标综合表现为无膜层处理>单膜层处理>双膜层处理>3膜层处理,同时双膜层处理间外观、生理指标差异不大,3膜层处理间差异也不大;香菜的外观、生理指标综合表现为3膜层处理>双膜层处理>单膜层处理>无膜层处理。研究结果表明,膜液和菌渣包膜均有一定的缓释效果,且包膜层数增加可以增强缓释效果,同时菌渣包膜层和乙基纤维素包膜层可以起到相似的缓释效果。

Apparent 1^st order rate constant of photodegradation of formaldehyde by carbon containing TiO2 nanoparticles

The apparent 1^st order rate constant of photodegradation of formaldehyde by carbon containing TiO2 nanoparticles has been investigated by numerical integration of mass transfer equation with measured degradation degree using a tubular photoreactor. The carbon containing TiO2 nanoparticles are synthesized by the oxidation of TiCl4 in propane/air flame CVD process with futile fraction up to 0.3 and carbon mass fractions up to 0.22, respectively. Thin TiO2 film is coated on the wall of the tubular reactor by sedimentation method. Effects of rutile mass fraction and carbon content have been examined on the apparent 1 ^st order rate constant and results show that, at 570ppm of formaldehyde loaded air stream, 80% relative humidity and about 100nm thin TiOa film, the 1^st order rate constant increases with increasing rutile mass fraction up to 0.3, occurs a maximum at the carbon content of about 5% by weight and is about 2.5 times of that at carbon content about zero or above 10%.