姚美玉从“少阳-枢-骨-膜理”体系论治产后风湿

总结姚美玉教授基于“少阳-枢-骨-膜理”体系论治产后风湿的经验。姚美玉教授治疗产后风湿时以“解少阳枢机,畅达三焦膜理”为大法,调节情志以助解少阳,重视兼证:兼气血不足者,补气养血,通痹止痛;兼肾脏亏虚者,填精补肾,强筋健骨;兼瘀血阻滞者,活血化瘀,通络止痛;兼营卫不调者,调和营卫,驱邪扶正。并附1则典型验案以资验证。

基于“筋”与“膜”理论探析南少林易筋经功理

研究目的:探索南少林易筋经的功法原理。研究方法:从“筋”与“膜”相关理论分析南少林易筋经的功法原理。研究结果:南少林易筋经在练习时强调意与气的配合,突出练筋与练膜兼顾。气、筋、膜三者相辅相成,共同构成了南少林易筋经的功理基础,其中气起主导作用。研究结论:在练习南少林易筋经功法时要从原理分析,从“筋”“透”“膜”,使气从内向外发才能受益。

基于“皮毛-腠理-膜原-三焦”理论探讨儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘的发病及治疗

咳嗽变异性哮喘是儿童慢性咳嗽的重要病因,文章基于“皮毛-腠理-膜原-三焦”理论,结合儿童的生理病理特点,探讨儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘,认为其病机关键在于本虚不固,风寒痰瘀搏结,气郁不畅,闭阻三焦;治以开宣皮腠,通利三焦,固本培元,从中医的角度为儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘的认识与治疗探寻思路与方案。

Effect of substrate temperature and oxygen plasma treatment on the properties of magnetron-sputtered CdS for solar cell applications

Cadmium sulfide(CdS)is an n-type semiconductor with excellent electrical conductivity that is widely used as an electron transport material(ETM)in solar cells.At present,numerous methods for preparing CdS thin films have emerged,among which magnetron sputtering(MS)is one of the most commonly used vacuum techniques.For this type of technique,the substrate temperature is one of the key deposition parameters that affects the interfacial properties between the target film and substrate,determining the specific growth habits of the films.Herein,the effect of substrate temperature on the microstructure and electrical properties of magnetron-sputtered CdS(MS-CdS)films was studied and applied for the first time in hydrothermally deposited antimony selenosulfide(Sb_(2)(S,Se)_(3))solar cells.Adjusting the substrate temperature not only results in the design of the flat and dense film with enhanced crystallinity but also leads to the formation of an energy level arrangement with a Sb_(2)(S,Se)_(3)layer that is more favorable for electron transfer.In addition,we developed an oxygen plasma treatment for CdS,reducing the parasitic absorption of the device and resulting in an increase in the short-circuit current density of the solar cell.This study demonstrates the feasibility of MS-CdS in the fabrication of hydrothermal Sb_(2)(S,Se)_(3)solar cells and provides interface optimization strategies to improve device performance.

Mechanism of the Effect of Polyamines on the Activity of Tonoplasts of Barley Roots Under Salt Stress

The seeds of barley Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Jian 4) were soaked with 0.1 mmol/L putrescine (Put) and 0.5 mmol/L spermidine (Spd), and then the seedlings were treated with 200 mmol/L NaCl. The growth rate (GR), dry matter accumulation, distribution of ions, the amount of polyamines (PAs) bound to tonoplast proteins as well as lipid composition and the activity of tonoplast vesicles isolated from roots were investigated. The results showed that soaking with Put or Spd could retard salt injury, promote GR and dry matter accumulation, and increase K+/Na+ in the roots. Compared with NaCl_treated plants, phospholipid content in root tonoplast rose by soaking with Put and Spd, while the level of galactose in lipids was decreased. Moreover, the ratio in noncovalently conjugated PA contents of (Spd+PAx (an unknown PA)) to (Put+Dap (diaminopropane)), and the total contents of covalently and noncovalently conjugated PAs were all increased. Statistical analysis indicated that the ratio of (Spd+PAx) to (Put+Dap) was significantly and positively correlated with the activities of membrane associated enzymes H+_ATPase and H+_PPase.

Preparation of cerium oxide based environment-friendly chemical conversion coating on magnesium alloy with additives

Ce（SO4）2？H2O2 solution was adopted to prepare a chemical conversion coating on AZ91D magnesium alloy.Additives of Ni（NO3）2 and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate were applied to improving the coating formation.SEM,EDS,XRD and GIXD were adopted to study the coating morphology,structure and composition,and the potential change curve in the treating solution was recorded to study the coating growth.Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate makes a remarkable improvement in the coating compactness,and shortens the time in the second stage of the coating formation from 5 min to 2 min.Compared to Ni（NO3）2,sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate makes the more remarkable effect on the corrosion resistance improvement,since it can decrease the current density of corrosion from 7.41×10-5 A/cm2 to 2.20×10-5 A/cm2.The additives of Ni（NO3）2 and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate can enhance the Ce content from 18.92% to 22.32% and 25.08% in the coating,respectively.The XRD and GIXD results indicated that all the conversion coating formed in different solutions exhibit amorphous structure.

Effect of Sound Stimulation on the Lipid Physical States and Metabolism of Plasma Membrane from Chrysanthemum Callus

Plasma membrane vesicles of chrysanthemum ( Dendranthema morifolium (Ramat.) Tzvel.) callus was purified by sucrose gradient centrifugation to investigate the influence of sound stimulation on the lipid physical states and metabolism of plasma membrane. The results showed that sound stimulation decreased the content of phosphodiesters and the fluorescent intensity of DPH, but increased the light scattering value of the membrane, the fluorescent intensity of MC540 and the content of phosphomonoesters, indicating that the vesicles got looser, the charge density and hydrophobicity of membrane surface decreased under sound stimulation of some strength and frequency. However, the membrane fluidity increased under the condition. Meanwhile, the anabolism of membrane lipid increased and the catabolism decreased. It can be seen that the physical state and metabolism of membrane lipid is sensitive to sound stimulation.

Preparation, formation mechanism and mechanical properties of multilayered TiO_2-organic nanocomposite film

Ti O2-organic multilayered nanocomposite films were deposited on a self-assembled monolayer-coated silicon substrate based on layer-by-layer technique and chemical bath deposition method by a hydrolysis of Ti Cl4 in an acid aqueous solution. The chemical compositions, surface morphologies and mechanical properties of the films were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectrometer(XPS), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and nanoindentation depth-sensing technique, respectively. The results indicate that the major chemical compositions of the films are Ti and O. The principal mechanism for the nucleation and growth of the films is homogeneous nucleation, and the layer number of films has great influence on the surface morphology and roughness of the films. In addition, mechanical nanoindentation testing presents a significant increase in hardness and fracture toughness of titanium dioxide multilayered films compared with single-layer titanium dioxide thin film.

Removal of manganese from waste water by complexation-ultrafiltration using copolymer of maleic acid and acrylic acid

Copolymer of maleic acid and acrylic acid （PMA-100）, combining with polyvinyl butyral （PVB） ultrafiltration membrane was used for the removal of Mn（II） from waste water by complexation-ultrafiltration. The carboxylic group content of PMA-100 and the rate of complexation reaction were measured. Effects of the mass ratio of PMA-100 to Mn（II） （n）, pH, background electrolyte, etc on the rejection rate （R） and permeate flux （J） were investigated. The results show that carboxylic group content of PMA-100 is 9.5 mmol/g. The complexation of Mn（II） with PMA-100 is rapid and completed within 5 min at pH 6.0. Both R and J increase with pH increasing in the range of 2.5-7.0, and R increases with the increase of n at pH 6.0 while J is little affected. The background electrolyte leads to the decrease of R, and CaCl2 has much greater effect on R than NaCl at the same ionic strength.

Effects of Plastic Film Mulching on Physical Characters of Soil and Yield and Yield Components of Sweet Potato

Field experiments were carried out to study the effects of plastic film mulching on soil physical characters, including soil temperature, soil moisture content and soil bulk density, and yield and yield components of sweet potato. The results showed that plastic filming mulching increased soil temperature. Considering the soil temperature-increasing effect, the treatments ranked as black plastic film treatment 〉 white plastic film treatment 〉 control. However, with the deepening of soil layer, the warming effect of plastic film mulching was weakened. Black or white plastic film mulching was conducive to low T/R value, especially in the early growth stage of sweet potato. Plastic film mulching significantly improved the storage root yield of sweet potato. In terms of yield-improving effect, the treatments ranked as black plastic film treatment 〉 white plastic film treatment 〉 control. The storage root num- ber per plant showed a downward trend, but the weight of single storage root was increased.

Oil-Film Clutch in Soft-Start of Belt Conveyor

The oil film clutch, which is superior in speed adjustment, is capable of being used in the belt conveyor to carry out soft start operation. According to running properties of both belt conveyor and oil film clutch, equations that are used to decide the lubricating oil flow and the number of oil films (i.e. the number of rotating and stationary plates) are deduced theoretically. Also key parameters are provided for the design of the hydraulic system. All these together provide the theoretical basis for the soft start design of the belt conveyor and references for the application of the oil film clutch in similar fields.

Quantitative ultrastucture analysis of neuroendocrine cells of gastric mucosa on normal and pathological conditions

AIMS To study the quantitative ultrastucture of neu- roendocrine cells of gastric mucosa on normal anc pathological conditions including the duodenal ulcer (DU) and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES). METHODS The neuroendocrine cells of the gastric mucosa of eight normal subjects,six patients with DU and five patients with ZES were quantitatively investi- gated with electro microscope and ultrastructure image analyzer. RESULTS The volume density of neuroendocrine cells in DU was 1.3% and 0.8% (vs 1.6% and 0.9%,P>0.05) in gastric antrum and corpus respectively. In antrum,G cells was of 65% (P< 0.05),D cells decreased in cell density (3% vs 9.5%) and in number of cell per unit area (P<0.01). In corpus,the cell density of ECL cells increased (49% vs 30%,P<0.05);D cells and EC cells decreasec (2% P<0.01 and 4% P<0.05,respectively),and the number of D cell per unit area markedly decreased. In ZES,D cells in corpus decreased in cell density (4% vs 22%,P<0.01) and P cells also decreased (11% vs 24%,P<0.05). The density of ECL cells increased (65% vs 30%,P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS In DU and ZES,both the number and type of NE cells present some changes. Incresed gastrin in DU and ZES patients may be caused by the decrease of D cells and somatostatin secretion.

Research of Oxidation Resistance of PVDF Hollow Fiber Membrane Used in Water Treatment

[Objective] The aim was to research the influences of different formulations on oxidation resistance of PVDF hollow fiber membrane.[Method]The immersion precipitation phase inversion method was employed to make casting solution with different formulations into hollow fiber membrane.The membrane was immersed in 1% NaClO solution for testing its performance changes.[Result]The membrane made by materials with bigger molecular weight had better oxidation resistance performance;the surfactant tween-80 could increase water flux,but lead to lower rupture intension;Pore-forming agent PEG400 do better than PVP in the oxidation resistance of membrane.[Conclusion]This study will provide a good idea for the development of the PVDF membrane with high oxidation resistance.

Cutting force measurement based on tool embedded Ni-chrome thin-film micro-sensors

Cutting force measurement has become a crucial activity for enhancing machining process performance. This paper described the design and fabrication of embedded Ni-chrome thin-film micro-sensors in tool holders to measure the cutting force in machining operations. A Ni-chrome thin-film sensor device is embedded within a substrate structure through a dy- namic brazing process, which consists of a Ti6A14V substrate, a nickel-chromium thin-film sensor and an alumina insulating layer. The Wheatstone bridge which consists of four sensors would produce the output voltage when the thin film caused de- formation by the cutting forces. The relationship between input and output voltages was theoretically analyzed. According- ly, an in-process cutting force measurement system is established. The results show that the thin-film sensor had good lineari- ty and less mutual interference, and it is suitable for all kinds of turning forces under the measurement conditions.

RESEARCH ON MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR TREATING DOMESTIC WASTEWATER AND RELATED MECHANISMS

Experiments on treatment of domestic wastewater by membrane bioreactors were carried out.The results showed that this process could produce good quality effluent with low COD,turbidity and total count of bacteria.With intermittent operation and continuous aeration,the membrane flux was kept steady.The mechanisms of removing COD through membrane,the structure of membrane and filtration resistance were also discussed.

DFT Study of the Effect of Temperature on ZnO Adsorbed on α-AI_2 O_3(0001)Surface

The adsorption and the growth of ZnO on α-Al2O3（0001） surface at various temperatures were theoretically calculated by using a plane wave pseudopotentials （USP） method based on density functional theory.The average adsorption energy of ZnO at 400, 600 and 800 ℃ is 4.16±0.08, 4.25±0.11 and 4.05±0.23 eV respectively. Temperature has a remarkable effect on the structure of the surface and the interface of ZnO/α-Al2O3（0001）. It is found that the Zn-hexagonal symmetry deflexion does not appear during the adsorption growth of ZnO at 400 ℃, and that the ZnO[10^-10] is parallel with the [10^-10] of the α-Al2O3（0001）, which is favorable for forming ZnO film with the Zn-terminated surface. It is observed from simulation that there are two kinds of surface structures in the adsorption of ZnO at 600 ℃： one is the ZnO surface that has the Zn-terminated structure, and whose [10^-10] parallels the [10^-10] of the substrate surface, and the other is the ZnO[10^-10] //sapphire [11-20] with the O-terminated surface. The energy barrier of the phase transition between these two different surface structures is about 1.6 eV, and the latter is more stable. Therefore,the suitable temperature for the thin film growth of ZnO on sapphire is about 600 ℃, and it facilitates the formation of wurtzite structure containing Zn-O-Zn-O-Zn-O double-layers as a growth unit-cell. At 600 ℃, the average bond length of Zn-O is 0.190±0.01 nm, and the ELF value indicates that the bond of （substrate）-O-Zn-O has a distinct covalent character, whereas the （Zn）O-Al （substrate） shows a clear character of ionic bond. However, at a temperature of 800 ℃, the dissociation of Al and O atoms on the surface of the α-Al2O3（0001） leads to a disordered surface and interface structure. Thus, the Zn-hexagonal symmetry structure of the ZnO film is not observed under this condition.

Enhancement Factors in Ozone Absorption Based on the Surface Renewal Model and its Application

Based on the Danckwerts surface renewal model, a simple explicit expression of the enhancement factor in ozone absorption with a first order ozone self-decomposition and parallel second order ozonation reactions has been derived. The results are compared with our previous work based on the film theory. The 2,4-dichlorophenol destruction rate by ozonation is predicted using the enhancement factor model in this paper.

Clinical Analysis of 81 Cases of Benign Retroperitoneal Schwannoma

Objective： To analyze the clinical manifestations of retroperitoneal schwannoma in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of this rare disease. Methods： Between January 1951 and September 2004, 81 patients with retroperitoneal schwannoma were retrospectively analyzed. Results： All cases received operative therapy. Sixty cases （74.1%） received a total resection; 12 cases （14.9%） subtotal resection, and 9 cases （11.1%） exploration. During the surgical operation, a single tumor was found in 77 cases （95.1%）, and multiple tumors in 4 cases （4.9%）. Most of the retroperitoneal schwannomas located beside the spine. The tumor was a fusiform, round or oval mass that was sharply circumscribed and encapsulated. Pathologic results showed all 81 cases were benign schwannoma. In the 4 cases of multiple tumors, 2 （2.5%） were diagnosed as double-primary tumors associated with ascending colon adenocarcinoma and lung squamous-cell cancer. One case recurred postoperatively. Conclusion： Retroperitoneal schwannoma was rare and preoperative diagnosis was difficult. Most of retroperitoneal schwannoma were benign and the surgical treatment was the first choice.