高潮气通透率贴膜在中心静脉导管护理中的应用

目的:评估高潮气通透率贴膜固定中心静脉导管在临床应用中的粘力、持久性及其性价比。方法:对103例留置中心静脉导管患者进行穿刺点清洁消毒后用高潮气通透率贴膜固定,每12 h对穿刺点观察贴膜下积液、过敏情况,每周对高潮气通透率、贴膜粘贴力等性能进行评估,并与使用半通透薄膜敷料进行比较。结果:高潮气通透率贴膜固定不同穿刺点的中心静脉导管无贴膜下积液、过敏现象发生;7项性能中有6项非常满意达85%以上;平均每日贴膜费用低于使用半通透薄膜敷料。结论:应用高潮气通透率贴膜对中心静脉导管进行固定具有更好的贴膜固定粘力及持久性,安全性好,便于使用和去除,便于观察局部穿刺点,可延长贴膜保留时间,减少更换次数,增加患者的舒适度。

高潮气通透率贴膜在中心静脉导管护理中的应用

目的:探讨高潮气通透率贴膜再中心静脉导管护理中的应用。方法:选取2015年2月到2016年2月期间被我院收治的留置中心静脉导管患者100例作为研究对象,其中男性患者46例,女性患者54例。对留置中心静脉导管患者穿刺点周围皮肤进行消毒处理,然后用高潮气通透率贴膜固定,每24小时观察一次,查看帖膜下皮肤是否出现了过敏和感染问题,每周更换,同时做好和半通透薄膜敷料的比较。结果:使用高潮气通透率贴膜对患者的中心留置导管进行固定穿刺点周围皮肤无过敏和感染现象出现,7项性能中有6项非常满意,同时相较于半通透贴膜敷料来说成本更低。结论:在固定中心静脉导管的过程中,使用高潮气通透率贴膜粘结力更好,效果更佳,便于观察和去除,还可以减少贴膜更换次数,提高患者的舒适度,极具临床推广价值。

在多孔陶瓷载体上X型分子筛生长成膜的研究

研究X型分子筛在多孔陶瓷载体上的生长条件 ,合成膜的晶化液组成n(SiO2 ) /n(Al2 O3) =3 .0～ 5 .0 ,n(Na2 O) /n(SiO2 ) =1.3～ 9.8,n(H2 O) /n(SiO2 ) =12 0～ 80 0 ;晶化温度 85～ 10 5℃ ;晶化时间 2 4～ 96h。SEM显示多孔陶瓷载体上负载生长分子筛膜要经过 6～ 7次涂膜操作 ,才能获得较理想的均匀连续的顶膜 ,膜厚 10～ 2 5 μm。考察了晶化液的配方、合成条件及晶化次数对分子筛负载量的影响 ,多孔载体的表面形貌及规格对表面膜均匀连续性的影响等。结果表明 ,成膜的渗透通量下降为载体的 7%～ 9% ,分子筛膜选透率用 (C4H9) 3N和 (C4F9) 3N的纯蒸汽表征 ,在 3 5 0℃下 (C4H9) 3N对 (C4F9) 3N的选透率达到 69。

炼油污水装置MBR膜的污染与清洗

炼油污水处理装置自2008年应用Zee Weed 500D MBR膜以来,运行稳定。本文就MBR运行存在的污染与清洗问题进行探讨和交流,提出了MBR膜预防污染及恢复性清洗注意事项。

超滤装置在水处理系统中的应用

就超滤在广东国华粤电台山发电有限公司锅炉补给水处理系统中应用的效果和运行性能及其清洗方法进行了阐述,并对存在的问题进行了分析。

Peritoneal dialysis associated infections: An update on diagnosis and management

Peritoneal dialysis （PD） is associated with a high risk of infection of the peritoneum, subcutaneous tunnel and catheter exit site. Although quality standards demand an infection rate 〈 0.67 episodes/patient/year on dialy-sis, the reported overall rate of PD associated infection is 0.24-1.66 episodes/patient/year. It is estimated that for every 0.5-per-year increase in peritonitis rate, the risk of death increases by 4% and 18% of the episodes resulted in removal of the PD catheter and 3.5% re-sulted in death. Improved diagnosis, increased aware-ness of causative agents in addition to other measures will facilitate prompt management of PD associated infection and salvage of PD modality. The aims of this review are to determine the magnitude of the infection problem, identify possible risk factors and provide an update on the diagnosis and management of PD as-sociated infection. Gram-positive cocci such as Staphy-lococcus epidermidis , other coagulase negative staphy-lococcoci, and Staphylococcus aureus （S. aureus ） are the most frequent aetiological agents of PD-associated peritonitis worldwide. Empiric antibiotic therapy must cover both gram-positive and gram-negative organ-isms. However, use of systemic vancomycin and cip-rofoxacin administration for example, is a simple and efficient first-line protocol antibiotic therapy for PD peritonitis - success rate of 77%. However, for fungal PD peritonitis, it is now standard practice to remove PD catheters in addition to antifungal treatment for a minimum of 3 wk and subsequent transfer to hemodi-alysis. To prevent PD associated infections, prophylactic antibiotic administration before catheter placement, adequate patient training, exit-site care, and treatment for S. aureus nasal carriage should be employed. Mupi-rocin treatment can reduce the risk of exit site infection by 46% but it cannot decrease the risk of peritonitis due to all organisms.

Optimized water vapor permeability of sodium alginate films using response surface methodology

The water vapor permeability （WVP） of films is important when developing pharmaceutical applications. Films are frequently used as coatings, and as such directly influence the quality of the medicine. The optimization of processing conditions for sodium alginate films was investigated using response surface methodology. Single-factor tests and Box-Behnken experimental design were employed. WVP was selected as the response variable, and the operating parameters for the single-factor tests were sodium alginate concentration, carboxymethyl cellulose （CMC） concentration and CaClz solution immersion time. The coefficient of determination （R2） was 0.97, indicating statistical significance. A minimal WVP of 0.389 8 g-mm/（m^2.h.kPa） was achieved under the optimum conditions. These were found to be a sodium alginate concentration, CMC concentration and CaCl2 solution immersion time at 8.04%, 0.13%, and 12 min, respectively. This provides a reference for potential applications in manufacturing film-coated hard capsule shells.

Gas separation using sol–gel derived microporous zirconia membranes with high hydrothermal stability

A microporous zirconia membrane with hydrogen permeance about 5 × 10-8mol·m-2·s-1·Pa-1, H2/CO2 permselectivity of ca. 14, and excellent hydrothermal stability under steam pressure of 100 k Pa was fabricated via polymeric sol–gel process. The effect of calcination temperature on single gas permeance of sol–gel derived zirconia membranes was investigated. Zirconia membranes calcined at 350 °C and 400 °C showed similar single gas permeance, with permselectivities of hydrogen towards other gases, such as oxygen, nitrogen, methane, and sulfur hexa fluoride, around Knudsen values. A much lower CO2permeance（3.7 × 10-9mol·m-2·s-1·Pa-1）was observed due to the interaction between CO2 molecules and pore wall of membrane. Higher calcination temperature, 500 °C, led to the formation of mesoporous structure and, hence, the membrane lost its molecular sieving property towards hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The stability of zirconia membrane in the presence of hot steam was also investigated. Exposed to 100 k Pa steam for 400 h, the membrane performance kept unchanged in comparison with freshly prepared one, with hydrogen and carbon dioxide permeances of 4.7 × 10-8and ~ 3 × 10-9mol·m-2·s-1·Pa-1, respectively. Both H2 and CO2permeances of the zirconia membrane decreased with exposure time to 100 k Pa steam. With a total exposure time of 1250 h, the membrane presented hydrogen permeance of 2.4 × 10-8mol·m-2·s-1·Pa-1and H2/CO2 permselectivity of 28, indicating that the membrane retains its microporous structure.

Protonic and Electronic Conductivities and Hydrogen Permeation of SrCe0.95-xZrxTm0.05O3-δ（0≤x≤0.40） Membrane

Zr-substituted,Tm-doped SrCeO3（SrCe0.95-xZrxTm0.05O3-δ,0≤x≤0.40）were synthesized via citrate complexing method,and the membranes of SrCe0.95-xZrxTm0.05O3-δwere prepared by pressing followed by sintering. X-ray diffraction（XRD）was used to characterize the phase structure of sintered membrane.The microstructure of the sintered membranes was studied by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）.Protonic and electronic conductivities were measured under different circumstance.Hydrogen permeation through the SrCe0.75Zr0.20Tm0.05O3-δmembranes was carried out using gas permeation setup.Hydrogen permeation fluxes（ 2H J）of the SrCe0.75Zr0.20Tm0.05O3-δ membrane reach up to 0.042 ml·min^ -1 ·cm^-2 at H 2 partial pressure of 0.4×10 ^5 Pa at 900°C.The hydrogen permea- tion fluxes（ 2H J）obtained in this paper are slightly lower than that of SrCe0.95Tm0.05O3-δon the same orders,and Zr doping can increase chemical stability of the SrCe0.75Zr0.20Tm0.05O3-δmembranes.

Permeation Characteristics of Light Hydrocarbons Through Poly（amide-6-β-ethylene oxide） Multilayer Composite Membranes

In this paper, poly(amide-6-β-ethylene oxide) (PEBA1657) copolymer was used to prepare multilayer polyetherimide (PEI)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/PEBA1657/PDMS composite membranes by dip-coating method. Permeation behaviors of ethylene, ethane, propylene, propane, n-butane, methane and nitrogen through the multilayer composite membranes were investigated over a range of operating temperature and pressure. The permeances of light hydrocarbons through PEI/PDMS/PEBA1657/PDMS composite membranes increase with their increasing condensability, and the olefins are more permeable than their corresponding paraffins. For light hydrocarbons, the gas permeances increase significantly as temperature increasing. When the transmembrane pressure difference increases, the gas permeance increases moderately due to plasticization effect, while their apparent activation energies for permeation decrease.

Highly flexible and transparent conducting silver nanowire/ZnO composite film for organic solar cells

High efficiency and flexible inverted organic solar cells have been fabricated using solution-processed silver nanowire/zinc oxide composite transparent electrodes. The transparent electrodes showed a low sheet resistance of -13 ff）.sq-1 and high transmittance of -93% as well as superior mechanical flexibility. Power conversion efficiencies of -7.57% and -7.21% were achieved for devices fabricated on glass and plastic substrate, respectively. Moreover, the flexible devices did not show any degradation in their performance even after being folded with a radius of-480 μm.

Recent advances in nanoporous graphene membrane for gas separation and water purification

Graphene is a one-atom-thick sheet of graphite comprising sp2-hybridized carbon atoms arranged in the hexagonal honeycomb lattices. By removing the honeycomb lattices and forming nanopores with specific geometry and size, nanoporous graphene has been demonstrated as a very high-efficiency separation membrane, due to the ultrafast molecular permeation rate for its one-atom thickness. This review focuses on the recent advances in nanoporous graphene membrane for the applications of gas separation and water purification, with a major emphasis on the molecular permeation mechanisms and the advanced fabrication methods of this state-of-the-art membrane. We highlight the advanced theoretical and experimental works and discuss the gas/water molecular transport mechanisms through the graphene nanopores accompanied with theoretical models. In addition, we summarize some representative membrane fabrication methods, covering the graphene transfer to porous substrates and the pore generation. We anticipate that this review can provide a platform for understanding the current challenges to make the conceptual membrane a reality and attracting more and more attentions from scientists and engineers.

Antibacterial mechanism of high-mobility group nucleosomalbinding domain 2 on the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli

Objective： To investigate the antibacterial mechanism of high-mobility group nucleosomal-binding domain 2 （HMGN2） on Escherichia coil K12, focusing on the antibacterial and antibiofilm formation effects. Its chemotactic activity on human neutrophils was also investigated. Methods： Human tissue-derived HMGN2 （tHMGN2） was extracted from fresh uterus fiber cystadenoma and purified by HPl100 reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography （RP-HPLC）. Recombinant human HMGN2 （rHMGN2） was generated in E. coil DE3 carrying PET-32a- c（＋）-HMGN2. Antibacterial activity of HMGN2 was determined using an agarose diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） of HMGN2 was determined by the microdilution broth method. Bacterial membrane permeability assay and DNA binding assay were performed. The antibiofilm effect of HMGN2 was investigated using a crystal violet assay and electron microscopy scanning. The activating effect and chemotactic activity of HMGN2 on neutrophils were determined using a nitroblue tetrazolium （NBT） reduction assay and Transwell chamber cell migra- tion assay, respectively. Results： HMGN2 showed a relatively high potency against Gram-negative bacteria E. coli and the MIC of HMGN2 was 16.25 μg/ml. Elevated bacterial membrane permeability was observed in HMGN2-treated E. coil K12. HMGN2 could also bind the bacterial plasmid and genomic DNA in a dose-dependent manner. The antibiofilm effect of HMGN2 on E. coil K12 was confirmed by crystal violet staining and scanning electron microscopy. However, the activating effects and chemotactic effects of HMGN2 on human neutrophils were not observed. Con- clusions： As an antimicrobial peptide （AMP）, HMGN2 possessed a good capacity for antibacterial and antibiofilm activities on E. coil K12. This capacity might be associated with disruption of the bacterial membrane and combination of DNA, which might affect the growth and viability of E. coil.

Convenient and inexpensive determination of optical constants and film thickness of blended organic thin film

This work presents the study of optical constants and film thickness of blended organic thin films, emphasizing on the modeling procedure with modified genetic algorithm aided by absorption or transmittance spectra of both pure materials and the blends. Taking the blending of copper phthalocyanine(Cu Pc) and fullerene(C60) as an example, a simple, convenient and low-cost method for the determination of the optical constants and film thickness of blended organic thin films was demonstrated. New scheme for optical modeling of blended organic thin film was proposed by introducing peak energies of Cody-Lorentz oscillators of the pure materials, which were determined by fitting the film absorption of pure materials. These oscillators of pure materials could be recognized in the transmittance spectrum of their blends, and were further used as the initial searching ranges in the simulation of blended films. As a result, the constraint bounds of the unknown parameters were significantly reduced and modeling efficiency as well as fitting accuracy was improved. For instance, the fitting of the transmittance curves of blended films with different blending ratios reached reliable results in comparison with extinction coefficients obtained from experiment.