From recent observational data two significant directions have been made in the field of theoretical cosmology recently. First, we are now able to make use of present observations, such as the Planck and BICEP2 data, ...From recent observational data two significant directions have been made in the field of theoretical cosmology recently. First, we are now able to make use of present observations, such as the Planck and BICEP2 data, to examine theoretical predictions from the standard inflationary ACDM which were made decades of years ago. Second, we can search for new cosmological signatures as a way to explore physics beyond the standard cosmic paradigm. In particular, a subset of early universe models admit a nonsingular bouncing solution that attempts to address the issue of the big bang singularity. These models have achieved a series of considerable developments in recent years, in particular in their perturbative frameworks, which made brand-new predictions of cosmological signatures that could be visible in current and forthcoming observations. Herein we present two representative paradigms of early universe physics. The first is the reputed new matter （or matter-ekpyrotic） bounce scenario in which the universe starts with a matter-dominated contraction phase and transitions into an ekpyrotic phase. In the setting of this paradigm, we have proposed some possible mechanisms of generating a red tilt for primordial curvature perturbations and confront the general predictions with recent cosmological observations. The second is the matter-bounce inflation scenario which can be viewed as an extension of inflationary cosmology with a matter contraction before inflation. We present a class of possible model constructions and review the implications on the current CMB experiments. Lastly a review of significant achievements of these paradigms beyond the inflationary ACDM model is made, which is expected to shed new light on the future direction of observational cosmology.展开更多
The leakage research on supercritical carbon dioxide fluid in rolling piston expander was investigated experimentally.Using expander instead of throttle valve is an important way to improve the efficiency of carbon di...The leakage research on supercritical carbon dioxide fluid in rolling piston expander was investigated experimentally.Using expander instead of throttle valve is an important way to improve the efficiency of carbon dioxide refrigeration system.However,the supercritical fluid leakage in expander is serious and is the main factor affecting the expander's efficiency.This paper presented and compared four classic leakage models.The analysis indicated that laminar leakage model is suitable in leakage simulation of expander.A leakage test system,including the leakage test part which has two types of leakage specimens with different gaps ranging from 5 to 15 m,was established.The experimental results indicated that lubricant film played an important role.When the leakage clearance of cylindrical specimen was 5 m,the mass flow rate of leakage was about 0.88 g s-1.The data was 3.638 g s-1 with leakage clearance being 10 m and 7.11g s-1 with leakage clearance being 15 m.A modified leakage model was developed,whose average deviation was within 10% compared with the experimental data.At last,this paper simulated the leakage in rolling piston expander presented by Tian et al.(2010).The leakage between rolling piston and cylinder was the most serious part with the value up to 0.04 kg s-1.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Department of Physics at McGill
文摘From recent observational data two significant directions have been made in the field of theoretical cosmology recently. First, we are now able to make use of present observations, such as the Planck and BICEP2 data, to examine theoretical predictions from the standard inflationary ACDM which were made decades of years ago. Second, we can search for new cosmological signatures as a way to explore physics beyond the standard cosmic paradigm. In particular, a subset of early universe models admit a nonsingular bouncing solution that attempts to address the issue of the big bang singularity. These models have achieved a series of considerable developments in recent years, in particular in their perturbative frameworks, which made brand-new predictions of cosmological signatures that could be visible in current and forthcoming observations. Herein we present two representative paradigms of early universe physics. The first is the reputed new matter （or matter-ekpyrotic） bounce scenario in which the universe starts with a matter-dominated contraction phase and transitions into an ekpyrotic phase. In the setting of this paradigm, we have proposed some possible mechanisms of generating a red tilt for primordial curvature perturbations and confront the general predictions with recent cosmological observations. The second is the matter-bounce inflation scenario which can be viewed as an extension of inflationary cosmology with a matter contraction before inflation. We present a class of possible model constructions and review the implications on the current CMB experiments. Lastly a review of significant achievements of these paradigms beyond the inflationary ACDM model is made, which is expected to shed new light on the future direction of observational cosmology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50676064)
文摘The leakage research on supercritical carbon dioxide fluid in rolling piston expander was investigated experimentally.Using expander instead of throttle valve is an important way to improve the efficiency of carbon dioxide refrigeration system.However,the supercritical fluid leakage in expander is serious and is the main factor affecting the expander's efficiency.This paper presented and compared four classic leakage models.The analysis indicated that laminar leakage model is suitable in leakage simulation of expander.A leakage test system,including the leakage test part which has two types of leakage specimens with different gaps ranging from 5 to 15 m,was established.The experimental results indicated that lubricant film played an important role.When the leakage clearance of cylindrical specimen was 5 m,the mass flow rate of leakage was about 0.88 g s-1.The data was 3.638 g s-1 with leakage clearance being 10 m and 7.11g s-1 with leakage clearance being 15 m.A modified leakage model was developed,whose average deviation was within 10% compared with the experimental data.At last,this paper simulated the leakage in rolling piston expander presented by Tian et al.(2010).The leakage between rolling piston and cylinder was the most serious part with the value up to 0.04 kg s-1.
