美国著名作家马克·吐温(Mark Twain,1835-1910)去世整整100年后,他的口述自传作品《马克·吐温自传》(第一卷)(Autobiography of Mark Twain,Volume 1,2010)才终于得以如约问世,第二、三卷也于近期出版。该书不仅在形式上别具...美国著名作家马克·吐温(Mark Twain,1835-1910)去世整整100年后,他的口述自传作品《马克·吐温自传》(第一卷)(Autobiography of Mark Twain,Volume 1,2010)才终于得以如约问世,第二、三卷也于近期出版。该书不仅在形式上别具一格,内容也极其丰富多彩,可谓百科全书式的自传。吐温在书中多次提及自己的自传观,为我们研读全书提供了一把钥匙。在吐温看来,不仅人人都应为自己做传,而且他的"一切作品皆自传";第二,为自由自在地倾吐自己的真实想法,恪守自传的真实生命线,吐温不惜"从坟墓中说话",将自传推迟到身后百年出版;第三,通过几十年的摸索与实践,吐温最终找到"自传的正确写法",即将日记与自传相结合,采取独特的"无规则的叙事规则"。这些都注定《马克·吐温自传》就像作者本人一样,独树一帜。展开更多
Most evaluation of the consistency of multisensor images have focused on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） products for natural landscapes, often neglecting less vegetated urban landscapes. This gap has ...Most evaluation of the consistency of multisensor images have focused on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） products for natural landscapes, often neglecting less vegetated urban landscapes. This gap has been filled through quantifying and evaluating spatial heterogeneity of urban and natural landscapes from QuickBird, Satellite pour l＇observation de la Terre （SPOT）, Ad- vanced Spacebome Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer （ASTER） and Landsat Thematic Mapper （TM） images with variogram analysis. Instead of a logarithmic relationship with pixel size observed in the corresponding aggregated images, the spatial variability decayed and the spatial structures decomposed more slowly and complexly with spatial resolution for real multisensor im- ages. As the spatial resolution increased, the proportion of spatial variability of the smaller spatial structure decreased quickly and only a larger spatial structure was observed at very coarse scales. Compared with visible band, greater spatial variability was observed in near infrared band for both densely and less densely vegetated landscapes. The influence of image size on spatial heterogeneity was highly dependent on whether the empirical sernivariogram reached its sill within the original image size. When the empirical semivariogram did not reach its sill at the original observation scale, spatial variability and mean characteristic length scale would increase with image size; otherwise they might decrease. This study could provide new insights into the knowledge of spatial heterogeneity in real multisen- sor images with consideration of their nominal spatial resolution, image size and spectral bands.展开更多
In this paper, we conduct research on the accurate computer music composition mode under the basic background of big data. From the perspective of music theory, in terms of micro notes jump within a certain range, wil...In this paper, we conduct research on the accurate computer music composition mode under the basic background of big data. From the perspective of music theory, in terms of micro notes jump within a certain range, will not cause discomfort, notes there are upward at the same time, the downward makes the whole piece will not boring. From the macroscopic, the nature of the chord with internal connection between motivation and motivation as support, at the same time, the whole range can maintain in a certain range, making sound effects is can let a person feel cheerful. Computer science first occupied is music in the music sound production and the propagation of position as it is mainly used for digital audio clips and automated synthesis. But there is a certain distance away from the traditional concept of composition. Therefore, our research proposes the innovative perspective to deal with the issues for achieving the better performance.展开更多
Autism spectrum disorder(ASD) is gathering concerns in socially developed countries. ASD is a neuropsychiatric disorder of genetic origin with high prevalence of 1%–2%. The patients with ASD characteristically show i...Autism spectrum disorder(ASD) is gathering concerns in socially developed countries. ASD is a neuropsychiatric disorder of genetic origin with high prevalence of 1%–2%. The patients with ASD characteristically show impaired social skills. Today, many genetic studies identify numerous susceptible genes and genetic loci associated with ASD. Although some genetic factors can lead to abnormal brain function linked to ASD phenotypes, the pathogenic mechanism of ASD is still unclear. Here, we discuss a new mouse model for ASD as an advanced tool to understand the mechanism of ASD.展开更多
Epigenetic processes are important mechanisms for phenotypic changes that occur in response to the environment. As such, it is expected that the alteration of cytoplasmic composition （the immediate environment of nuc...Epigenetic processes are important mechanisms for phenotypic changes that occur in response to the environment. As such, it is expected that the alteration of cytoplasmic composition （the immediate environment of nuclei） results in the modifica- tion of the methylome and the expression of the nuclear genome. Cytoplasmic hybrids （or cybrids） are an ideal model to study the influence of mitochondria on gene expression. In this study, we take advantage of the natural of two biotypes that have a similar nuclear genome type Chrosomus eos, but harbor mitochondria from different species （C. eos in wild type or C. neogaeus in cybrids） to assess the effects of mitochondria on DNA methylation profiles and protein expression of the nuclear ge- nome. Comparison between these biotypes is particularly relevant given their recent divergence and their low level of genetic dif- ferentiation. Variations of DNA methylation assessed on tissues from different embryonic origins revealed the distinct profiles of cybrid and wild type populations. Differences are more pronounced between wild type and cybrids than between populations of a given biotype. The proteome is also more different between biotypes than within a given biotype. These results indicate a strong influence of mitochondria on the nuclear genome, which remains detectable in different genetic and environmental contexts. These changes in the methylome and proteome of cybrids are expected to reflect the adjustments imposed by the coexistence of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes from different species [Current Zoology 58 （1）： 138-145, 2012].展开更多
文摘美国著名作家马克·吐温(Mark Twain,1835-1910)去世整整100年后,他的口述自传作品《马克·吐温自传》(第一卷)(Autobiography of Mark Twain,Volume 1,2010)才终于得以如约问世,第二、三卷也于近期出版。该书不仅在形式上别具一格,内容也极其丰富多彩,可谓百科全书式的自传。吐温在书中多次提及自己的自传观,为我们研读全书提供了一把钥匙。在吐温看来,不仅人人都应为自己做传,而且他的"一切作品皆自传";第二,为自由自在地倾吐自己的真实想法,恪守自传的真实生命线,吐温不惜"从坟墓中说话",将自传推迟到身后百年出版;第三,通过几十年的摸索与实践,吐温最终找到"自传的正确写法",即将日记与自传相结合,采取独特的"无规则的叙事规则"。这些都注定《马克·吐温自传》就像作者本人一样,独树一帜。
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41071267,41001254)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2012I0005,2012J01167)
文摘Most evaluation of the consistency of multisensor images have focused on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） products for natural landscapes, often neglecting less vegetated urban landscapes. This gap has been filled through quantifying and evaluating spatial heterogeneity of urban and natural landscapes from QuickBird, Satellite pour l＇observation de la Terre （SPOT）, Ad- vanced Spacebome Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer （ASTER） and Landsat Thematic Mapper （TM） images with variogram analysis. Instead of a logarithmic relationship with pixel size observed in the corresponding aggregated images, the spatial variability decayed and the spatial structures decomposed more slowly and complexly with spatial resolution for real multisensor im- ages. As the spatial resolution increased, the proportion of spatial variability of the smaller spatial structure decreased quickly and only a larger spatial structure was observed at very coarse scales. Compared with visible band, greater spatial variability was observed in near infrared band for both densely and less densely vegetated landscapes. The influence of image size on spatial heterogeneity was highly dependent on whether the empirical sernivariogram reached its sill within the original image size. When the empirical semivariogram did not reach its sill at the original observation scale, spatial variability and mean characteristic length scale would increase with image size; otherwise they might decrease. This study could provide new insights into the knowledge of spatial heterogeneity in real multisen- sor images with consideration of their nominal spatial resolution, image size and spectral bands.
文摘In this paper, we conduct research on the accurate computer music composition mode under the basic background of big data. From the perspective of music theory, in terms of micro notes jump within a certain range, will not cause discomfort, notes there are upward at the same time, the downward makes the whole piece will not boring. From the macroscopic, the nature of the chord with internal connection between motivation and motivation as support, at the same time, the whole range can maintain in a certain range, making sound effects is can let a person feel cheerful. Computer science first occupied is music in the music sound production and the propagation of position as it is mainly used for digital audio clips and automated synthesis. But there is a certain distance away from the traditional concept of composition. Therefore, our research proposes the innovative perspective to deal with the issues for achieving the better performance.
基金supported in part by a grant from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology KAKENHI,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology,Strategic International Cooperative Program of Japan Science and Technology Agency,and by research grants from Takeda Science Foundation,the Naito Foundation and Terumo Life Science Foundation
文摘Autism spectrum disorder(ASD) is gathering concerns in socially developed countries. ASD is a neuropsychiatric disorder of genetic origin with high prevalence of 1%–2%. The patients with ASD characteristically show impaired social skills. Today, many genetic studies identify numerous susceptible genes and genetic loci associated with ASD. Although some genetic factors can lead to abnormal brain function linked to ASD phenotypes, the pathogenic mechanism of ASD is still unclear. Here, we discuss a new mouse model for ASD as an advanced tool to understand the mechanism of ASD.
文摘Epigenetic processes are important mechanisms for phenotypic changes that occur in response to the environment. As such, it is expected that the alteration of cytoplasmic composition （the immediate environment of nuclei） results in the modifica- tion of the methylome and the expression of the nuclear genome. Cytoplasmic hybrids （or cybrids） are an ideal model to study the influence of mitochondria on gene expression. In this study, we take advantage of the natural of two biotypes that have a similar nuclear genome type Chrosomus eos, but harbor mitochondria from different species （C. eos in wild type or C. neogaeus in cybrids） to assess the effects of mitochondria on DNA methylation profiles and protein expression of the nuclear ge- nome. Comparison between these biotypes is particularly relevant given their recent divergence and their low level of genetic dif- ferentiation. Variations of DNA methylation assessed on tissues from different embryonic origins revealed the distinct profiles of cybrid and wild type populations. Differences are more pronounced between wild type and cybrids than between populations of a given biotype. The proteome is also more different between biotypes than within a given biotype. These results indicate a strong influence of mitochondria on the nuclear genome, which remains detectable in different genetic and environmental contexts. These changes in the methylome and proteome of cybrids are expected to reflect the adjustments imposed by the coexistence of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes from different species [Current Zoology 58 （1）： 138-145, 2012].
