自保式低保执行——精准扶贫背景下石村的低保实践

本研究基于一个“强干预式偏差”不能充分解释的农村低保偏差案例,通过对该案例的分析剖析瞄准偏差生产的另一种政策执行过程。在精准扶贫的背景下,基层执行者的强干预特性得到了遏制。石村低保实践中的内含性瞄准偏差得到了很大程度的纠正,瞄准精度有所提高,但是排斥性偏差仍然是较为突出的问题。面对强大的执行压力,县级政府、乡镇政府和村组干部采取了目标一致、策略各异的自我保护方案,共同建构出“自保式低保执行”的行动逻辑。压力型体制和悬浮式政权结合形成了“挤压型体制”,基层执行者通过“选择性治理”和“情境性抽离”实现了“自保式低保执行”。

自保温榫式砌块砌体受压性能试验研究

自保温榫式砌块是一种新型节能墙体材料.通过对自保温榫式砌块砌体进行的轴心受压试验研究,了解该类砌体受压的试验过程现象,基于试验结果的分析,探讨了自保温榫式砌块砌体的抗压强度、弹性模量、受压应力-应变全曲线,依据抗压试验数据回归得到了砌体的本构方程.研究为自保温榫式砌块在单轴受压状态下进行内力与有限元分析提供理论依据.

自保温榫式砌块砌体组合结构抗震性能研究

为了研究自保温榫式砌块砌体组合结构的抗震性能,通过对自保温榫式砌块砌体组合结构低周反复荷载作用下试验,获得了自保温榫式砌块砌体组合结构的水平承载能力、耗能性能、延性、刚度退化等特征.根据试验结果和相关参数分析,自保温榫式砌块组合砌体具有良好的抗震性能,试验分析结果可供自保温榫式砌块砌体组合结构的墙体设计提供参考依据.

刮渣器在转炉氧枪上的应用

介绍杭钢转炉厂3号转炉安装使用一套自保式氧枪刮渣器。其工作原理是:在氧枪氮封口上方安装一对钳式的双臂,通过专用的汽缸传递动力,采用耐热合金加工成的卡钳式刀片抱住氧枪,随着氧枪的提升,刮落溅裹在氧枪上的钢渣。该装置代替落后的钢钎和风镐捣打工艺,节省大量人力、物力,特别是节省时间,提高了劳动生产率,真正做到了事半功倍。

ZK4型电空转辙机与ZK3-A型的比较

电空转辙机是铁路驼峰编组场主要的道岔转换设备,目前驼峰编组场使用的电空转辙机有 ZK3-A 型和 ZK4型两种机型,ZK3系列电空转辙机在八十年代初投入使用,虽经过多次改进,在使用中仍然存在一系列问题,正在逐步被 ZK4型电空转辙机所替代。

Co-management: transformation of community affair model in Chinese nature reserves

This article analyzes the application of co-management in establishing and zoning nature reserves, explains two types of participatory models, explains the main content and steps required to implement a co-management program, and suggests future direction of co-management. In China, great progress has been achieved since 1956 when the first nature reserve was established. However, conflicts between nature reserve officials and community members, and differences be-tween conservation and utilization of natural resources suggest that the traditional community affair model is unfit to some de-gree. A more workable and economically sustainable model is recommended. Co-management appears to be the preferred management model. International conservation organizations have carried out projects in Chinese nature reserves in recent years, and co-management is thought to be an effective approach to resolve conflicts coming from community and to improve nature reserves management.

A typologies of traveler in Thailand： Using traveling patterns approach

This research investigates the characteristics of Thai to discern what their traveling behavior patterns. It indicated five different traveling patterns, which were named, ＂Physical action＂, ＂Conservation of nature＂, ＂Service expectation＂, ＂Intend to travel＂ and ＂Obedience of law and order＂. It revealed that their traveling patterns were physically passive, less environmentally aware and knowledgeable, service expected, multi-purpose and short trip, and moderate obedience of law and order. The relation of sociodemographic profile （gender, age, education and income） to their traveling patterns was analyzed using Chi-Square tests. Discriminant analysis was run as a way of examining the accuracy and usefulness of the ecotourist scorecard. Using the concept of a hard-to-soft ecotourist with discriminant analysis, 51.4% was soft ecotourist, 39.3% was medium ecotourist and 9.3% was hard ecotourist. Although not identified, it is likely that there are subgroups （0.3%） within the hard ecotourist with the higher scoring tourists being most active ecotourist. The findings showed that the majority of Thai people tend to be comfortable nature-based tourist with less environmentally aware and knowledgeable. In fact, it could be argued that tourists in natural environments, even if they try to minimize their impact, may cause more environmental damage than tourist on a city tour.

Adaptive distributed formation maintenance for multiple UAVs:Exploiting proximity behavior observations

The formation maintenance of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)based on proximity behavior is explored in this study.Individual decision-making is conducted according to the expected UAV formation structure and the position,velocity,and attitude information of other UAVs in the azimuth area.This resolves problems wherein nodes are necessarily strongly connected and communication is strictly consistent under the traditional distributed formation control method.An adaptive distributed formation flight strategy is established for multiple UAVs by exploiting proximity behavior observations,which remedies the poor flexibility in distributed formation.This technique ensures consistent position and attitude among UAVs.In the proposed method,the azimuth area relative to the UAV itself is established to capture the state information of proximal UAVs.The dependency degree factor is introduced to state update equation based on proximity behavior.Finally,the formation position,speed,and attitude errors are used to form an adaptive dynamic adjustment strategy.Simulations are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the theoretical results,thus validating the effectiveness of the proposed method.

The current status, threats and protection way of Sanjiang Plain wetland, Northeast China

The Sanjiang Plain is a vast area of alluvial floodplains and low hills in northeast Heilongjiang Province. It is the largest tract of wetlands in China and East Asia outside of Siberia. 28 wetland nature reserves exist on the Sanjiang Plain, and three of them have been listed as wetlands of international importance to water bird conservation by the Ramsar Convention Bureau. The wetlands of Sanjiang Plain are noteworthy for its rich biodiversity, but they continue to decline in area and deteriorate in quality currently. The main threats or constrains, immediate cause, root cause and required response are analyzed in this paper, and the four aspects opinion such as improvement of watershed management, enhancement of protection and restoration of habitats and biodiversity, alternative livelihoods of rural residents living in and near natural wetland reserve, and reinforcement of capacity building of natural reserves are brought forward as the effective measures for the Sanjiang Plain wetland protection.

Analysis of Participatory Approach Applied in Creating a New Protected Area Anjozorobe Angavo

The political will in compliance with the Convention on Biological Diversity brings to the establishment of MSPA （Madagascar system of protected areas）. The aim is to conserve biodiversity, alleviate poverty and develop the country. Participation and involvement of local population in natural resources management, consultation with all sectors and responsibilization of regional and local authorities in protected areas management are all the basic principles of MSPA. The paper brought focus in the understanding of this participation of local actors （populations, local authorities） and in their interests to participate in the protected area management in Anjozorobe Angavo. The research has been conducted by doing investigations and meetings with local actors. A typology of participations had been done. It has been indeed noticed that the understanding was differentiated then motivations to participate were not always the environmental one. The populations＇ participation could be either by convenience, or for personal interest, or imposed participation, or conscious participation. But in order to reach the purpose of the protected areas sustainable management, the operator should admit that the participation in protected areas management is imposed naturally and should consider those differences in visions; at last, the approach should motivate local populations to participate consciously.

Flexible PDMS-based triboelectric nanogenerator for instantaneous force sensing and human joint movement monitoring

Flexible wearable sensors with excellent electric response and self-powered capability have become an appealing hotspot for personal healthcare and human-machine interfaces.Here,based on triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG),a flexible self-powered tactile sensor composed of micro-frustum-arrays-structured polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)film/copper(Cu)electrodes,and poly(vinylidenefluoride-trifluoroethylene)(P(VDF-TrFE))nanofibers has been demonstrated.The TENG-based self-powered tactile sensor can generate electrical signals through the contact-separation process of two triboelectric layers under external mechanical stimuli.Due to the uniform and controllable micro-frustum-arrays structure fabricated by micro-electro-mechanical system(MEMS)process and the P(VDF-TrFE)nanofibers fabricated by electrostatic spinning,the flexible PDMS-based sensor presents high sensitivity of 2.97 V kPa^-1,stability of 40,000 cycles(no significant decay),response time of 60 ms at 1 Hz,low detection pressure of a water drop(~4 Pa,35 mg)and good linearity of 0.99231 in low pressure region.Since the PDMS film presents ultra-flexibility and excellent-biocompatibility,the sensor can be comfortably attached on human body.Furthermore,the tactile sensor can recognize various types of human body movements by the corresponding electrical signals.Therefore,the as-prepared TENGs are potential on the prospects of gesture detection,health assessment,human-machine interfaces and so on.

The natural history of flail chest injuries

Purpose： Flail chest （FC） injuries represent a significant burden on trauma services because of its high morbidity and mortality. Current gold standard conservative management strategies for FC, are now being challenged by renewed interest in surgical rib fixation. This retrospective epidemiological study sets out to evaluate FC patients, and quantify the natural history of this injury by studying the injury patterns, epidemiology and mortality of patients sustaining FC injuries admitted to a major trauma centre （MTC）. Methods： A retrospective cohort analysis has been conducted at an MTC with full trauma service. All patients （age 〉 16 years） sustaining FC were included. Patient demographics, injury characteristics and inpatient stay information were extracted. Results： Two hundred and ninety-three patients were identified, with a mean injury severity score （ISS） of 28.9 （range 9-75）, average age of 56.1 years （range of 16-100）, and a male predominance （78%）. Road traffic accidents accounted for 45% （n = 132） of injuries, whilst 44% were fall or jump from height （n = 129）. Associated lung contusion was present in 133 patients （45%） while 76% of patients were found to have 5 or more ribs involved in the flail segment （n = 223） with 96% （n = 281 ） having a unilateral FC. Inpatient treatment was required 19.9 days （range 0-150 days） with 59% of patients （n = 173） requiring intensive care unit （ICU） level care for 8.4 days （range 1-63） with 61.8% requiring mechanical ventilation （n = 107） for 10.5 days （range 1-54）, and Z8g underwent rib fixation with rib plates （n = 23）. The mortality rate was found to be 14% （n = 42）. A non-significant trend towards improved outcomes in the conservative group was found when compared with the fixation group; ventilation days （6.94 vs 10.06, p = 0.18） intensive treatment unit （ITU） length of stay （LOS） （12.56 vs 15.53, p = 0.28） and hospital LOS （32.62 vs 35.24, p = 0.69）. Conclusion： This study has successfully described the natural history of flail chest injuries, and has found a nonsignificant trend towards better outcomes with conservative management. With the cohort and management challenges now defined, work on outcome improvement can be targeted. In addition the comnarahility of results to other studies makes collaboration with other MTCs a realistic vrovosal.