激光晶体自偏振效应对调Q激光输出特性的影响

本文用激光振荡的阈值理论分析了具有自偏振效应的激光晶体在腔内无附加起偏器时的电光调Ｑ特性，获得了最大泵能和输出能量的理论公式．

半导体光放大器的偏振调制特性研究

首先理论分析了半导体光放大器的非线性偏振调制(PolM)效应,导出了稳态条件下SOA的偏振转换矩阵。通过数值仿真,描述了包括非线性自偏振调制(SPolM)、互偏振调制(XPolM)导致的偏振态在庞加球上的变化形态。计算结果表明,SOA偏振调制效应表现为偏振旋转特性,偏振旋转的大小由入射光强和偏振态决定,旋转结果表现为输出光中的TM模分量增加,而TE模分量下降。文章同时讨论了SOA驱动电流变化对PolM效应的影响以及由其引起的电光偏振调制(IPolM)效应,并仿真得出了电流变化导致的输出光偏振态的变化轨迹。

基于保持光注入的半导体光放大器自偏振旋转性能的改善

研究了基于"保持光"(holding beam)注入(HBI)改善半导体光放大器(SOA)自偏振旋转(SPR)性能的方法。HBI虽然降低了SOA的偏振模式增益,但是缩短了对TE和TM模式的增益恢复时间,从而加速了SOA器SPR特性对超快信号的响应。以基于SOA的SPR特性的光功率均衡为例,我们发现,HBI可以明显抑制和消除载流子恢复时间过长导致的归零码(RZ)波形畸变和非归零码(NRZ)过冲现象。光功率均衡后,RZ信号消光比可提高8～10dB、NRZ信号消光比可提高4～6dB,两种信号的眼图Q因子均可达20以上。

Cr^(4+):YAG极化特性对于小型IOPO输出性能的影响

Cr4+:YAG晶体在强场作用下具有各向异性的自极化特性,导致调Q激光具有偏振现象,这种现象与晶体的结构、谐振腔的调试情况和泵浦光的偏振特性有关。Cr4+:YAG晶体作为调Q元件应用于小型内腔式光参量振荡人眼安全激光器中,实验发现如果晶体角度位置不合是Cr4+:YAG自极化特性引起的,转动Cr4+:YAG晶体到最佳位置等措施有利于解决这一问题。

Characterization of Humic Fractions in a ^(15)N-labelled Soil by Solid-State ^(13)C and ^(15)N NMR

Five humic fractions were obtained from a uniformly 15N-labelled soil by extraction with 0.1 mol L-1 Na4P207, 0.1 mol L-1 NaOH, and HF/HCI-0.1 mol L-1 NaOH, consecutively, and analyzed by 13C and 15N CPMAS NMR (cross polarization and magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance). Compared with those of native soils humic fractions studied as a whole contained more alkyls, methoxyls and O-alkyls, being 27%-36%, 17%-21% and 36%-40%, respectively, but fewer aromatics and carboxyls (being 14%-20% and 13%-90%, respectively). Among those humic fractions, the humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) extracted by 0.1 mol L-1 Na4P207 contained slightly more carboxyls than corresponding humic fractions extracted by 0.1 mol L-1 NaOH, and the HA extracted by 0.1 mol L-1 NaOH after treatment with HF/HCI contained the least aromatics and carboxyls. The distribution of nitrogen functional groups of soil humic fractions studied was quite similar to each other and also quite similar to that of humic fraction from native soils. More than 75% of total N in each fraction was in amide form, with 9%-13% present as aromatic and/or aliphatic amines and the remainder as hoterocyclic N.

Spontaneous Emission of a Polarized Atom in a Medium Between Two Parallel Mirrors

Using the photon closed orbit theory, the spontaneous emission rate of a polarized atom in a medium between two parallel mirrors is derived and calculated. It is found that the spontaneous emission rate of a polarized atom between the mirrors is related to the atomic position and the polarization direction. The results show that in the vicinity of the mirror, the variation of the spontaneous emission rate depends crucially on the atomic polarization direction. With the increase of the polarization angle, the oscillation in the spontaneous emission rate becomes decreased. For the polarization direction parallel to the mirror plane, the oscillation is the greatest; while for the perpendicular polarization direction, the oscillation is nearly vanished. The agreement between our result and the quantum electrodynamics result suggests the correctness of our calculation. This study further verifies that the atomic spontaneous emission process can be effectively controlled by changing the polarization orientation of the atom.

Josephson Current in Superconductor-Ferromagnet／Insulator／d-Wave Superconductor Junctions

Solving the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equation, the energy levels of bound statesare obtained in the ferromagnetic superconductor. The Josephson currents in a ferromagneticsuperconductor/Insulator/d-wave superconductor junction are calculated as a function of the exchangefield, temperature, and insulating barrier strength. It is found that the Josephson criticalcurrent is always suppressed by the presence of exchange Geld h and depends on crystalline axisorientation of d-wave superconductor.

Spin-Polarized Transport Through a Quantum Dot Coupled to Ferromagnetic Leads： Kondo Correlation Effect

We investigate the linear and nonlinear transport through a single level quantum dot connected to two ferromagnetic leads in Kondo regime, using the slave-boson mean-field approach for finite on-site Coulomb repulsion. We find that for antiparallel alignment of the spin orientations in the leads, a single zero-bias Kondo peak always appears in the voltage-dependent differential conductance with peak height going down to zero as the polarization grows to P = 1.For parallel configuration, with increasing polarization from zero, the Kondo peak descends and greatly widens with the appearance of shoulders, and finally splits into two peaks on both sides of the bias voltage around P ～ 0.7 until disappearing at even larger polarization strength. At any spin orientation angle θ, the linear conductance generally drops with growing polarization strength. For a given finite polarization, the minimum linear conductance always appears at θ = π.

Strong Ferromagnetic Coupling of {[Cu（Hpht）（N3）]·H2O}n with Simultaneous End-on Azido and Carboxylato Bridges： a First Principle Study

The compound {[Cu(Hpht)(N_3)]·H_2O}_n (Hpht = hydrogen phthalate) is formedby chains of copper atoms bridged simultaneously by syn-syn carboxylato and end-on azido bridges.Taking into account the large Cu-O(1)-C(7) bond angle of the single carboxylato bridge (131°), orthe large Cu-N(11)-Cu bond angle of the azido bridge (111.9°), a moderately intrachainantiferromagnetic behavior should be expected for the compound. This paper is devoted to examiningthe apparently anomalous intrachain ferromagnetic behavior of {[Cu(Hpht)(N_3)]·H_2O}_n, using firstprinciples within the full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method. The totalenergy, the density of states (DOS), and the spin distributions are obtained. The atomic spindistribution has been analyzed as resulting from the interplay of electron delocalization and spinpolarization. The DOS reveals a surprisingly strong exchange interaction between the d type orbitalsof the copper and the π molecular orbitals of the two ligands.

Bidirectional Quantum Secure Direct Communication Network Protocol with Hyperentanglement

We propose a bidirectional quantum secure direct communication(QSDC) network protocol with the hyperentanglment in both the spatial-mode ad the polarization degrees of freedom of photon pairs which can in principle be produced with a beta barium borate crystal.The secret message can be encoded on the photon pairs with unitary operations in these two degrees of freedom independently.Compared with other QSDC network protocols,our QSDC network protocol has a higher capacity as each photon pair can carry 4 bits of information.Also,we discuss the security of our QSDC network protocol and its feasibility with current techniques.

An XPS Study of Nitrogen Structures in Soil Humic Substances

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was applied to examine the N structures of soil humic substances and some of their analogues. It was found that for soil humic substances XPS method gave similar results as those obtained by 15N CPMAS NMR (cross-polarization magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance) method. 70%～86% of total N in soil humic substances was in the form of amide, and 6%～13% was presented as amines, with the remaining part as heterocyclic N. There was no difference in the distribution of the forms of N between the humic substances from soils formed over hundreds or thousands of years and the newly formed ones. For fulvic acid from weathered coal and benzoqu inone- (N H-4 )-2 S O-4 polymer the XPS results deviated significantly from the 15N CPMAS NMR data.

Nitrogen Forms of Maillard Polymers Derived from Xylose and ^(15)N-Labelled Glycine

Water-soluble, nondialyzable Maillard polymers were prepared by reacting D-xylose with 15N-glycine (and/or glycine) at 68 ℃ and pH 8.0 at equimolar concentrations of 1, 0.5 and 0.1 mol L-1, respectively,for 13 days and partitioned into acid-insoluble (MHA) and acid-soluble (MFA) fractions. The nitrogen forms in these polymers were studied by using the 15N cross polarization-magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (CPMAS NMR) technique in combination with chemical methods. The 15N nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data showed that while the yield, especially the MHA/MFA ratio, varied considerably with the concentrations of the reactants, the nitrogen distribution patterns of these polymers were quite similar.From 65% to 70% of nitrogen in them was in the secondary amide and/or indole form with 24%~25% present as aliphatic and/or aromatic ammes and 5% to 11% as pyrrole and/or pyrrole-like nitrogen. More than half (50%~77%) of the N in these polymers were nonhydrolyzable. The role of Maillard reaction in the formation of nonhydrolyzable nitrogen in soil organic matter is discussed.

三波长合束高亮度半导体激光光源

半导体激光器以其突出的优点具有广泛的应用前景,但受光束质量限制,使其很难作为直接光源应用在对功率和光束质量均有较高要求的领域。采用斜45°柱透镜阵列光束整形技术、自偏振合束技术和三波长合束技术,将3种波长的8个半导体激光阵列合束,研制出一种连续功率为500 W、电光转换效率为39.5%、光参量积为12.44mm.mrad、亮度为42.8MW/(cm2.sr)的半导体激光光源,可作为直接光源应用于工业和国防等领域。

A 3GHz Low-Power and Low-Phase-Noise LC VCO with a Self-Biasing Current Source

A fully integrated 3GHz low-power and low-phase-noise voltage-controlled oscillator （VCO） with a self-biasing current source was implemented in a standard 0.18μm CMOS process. A trade-off between noise and power was realized through the optimization of the improved current source. The VCO can be tuned from 2.83 to 3.25GHz with a 13.8% tuning range. The measured phase noise at 1MHz offset is -111dBc/Hz at a frequency of 3.22GHz while the core circuit draws less than 2mA from a 1.8V supply voltage. These results make the circuit suitable for a 5GHz wireless local area network （WLAN） receiver and 3.4 to 3.6GHz world interoperability for microwave access （WiMAX） application.

Chaotic generation based on figure-of-eight erbium-doped fiber laser with an optical fiber ring

We experimentally demonstrate the chaotic generation in a figure-of-eight erbium-doped fiber laser (F8L) with an optical fiber ring (OFR). With an appropriate combination of polarization controllers, we find that the fiber laser exhibits period-doubling route to chaos, and the chaotic self-synchronous dynamics has a tendency to be reduced significantly. The experimental results show the tendency is related to the interference and the nonlinear phase shift of light in the optical fiber ring. Meanwhile, the chaotic dynamics is related to the polarization state and pump power.

Spin-orbit hybrid entanglement quantum key distribution scheme

We propose a novel quantum key distribution scheme by using the SAM-OAM hybrid entangled state as the physical resource.To obtain this state,the polarization entangled photon pairs are created by the spontaneous parametric down conversion process,and then,the q-plate acts as a SAM-to-OAM transverter to transform the polarization entangled pairs into the hybrid entangled pattern,which opens the possibility to exploit the features of the higher-dimensional space of OAM state to encode information.In the manipulation and encoding process,Alice performs the SAM measurement by modulating the polarization stateπ lθx on one photon,whereas Bob modulates the OAM sector state lx' on the other photon to encode his key elements using the designed holograms which is implemented by the computer-controlled SLM.With coincidence measurement,Alice could extract the key information.It is showed that N-based keys can be encoded with each pair of entangled photon,and this scheme is robust against Eve’s individual attack.Also,the MUBs are not used.Alice and Bob do not need the classical communication for the key recovery.

An IIR adaptive electronic equalizer for polarization multiplexed fiber optic communication systems

An electronic digital equalizer for polarization multiplex coherent fiber optic communication systems is designed to compensate polarization mode dispersion (PMD) and residual chromatic dispersion (CD) of transmission channel. The proposed equalizer is realized with fraction spaced infinite impulse response (IIR) butterfly structure with 21 feedforward taps and 2 feedback taps. Compared with finite impulse response (FIR) structure, this structure can reduce implementation complexity of hardware under the same condition. To keep track of the random variation of channel characteristics, the filter weights are updated by least mean square (LMS) algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed equalizer can compensate residual chromatic dispersion (CD) of 1600 ps/nm and differential group delay (DGD) of 90 ps simultaneously, and also can increase the PMD and residual CD tolerance of the whole communication system.

A widely tunable microwave photonic notch filter with adjustable bandwidth based on multi-wavelength fiber laser

A widely tunable microwave photonic notch filter with adjustable bandwidth based on multi-wavelength fiber laser is proposed and demonstrated. The multi-wavelength fiber laser generates the multi-taps of the microwave photonic filter （MPF）. In order to obtain notch frequency response, a Fourier-domain optical processor （FD-OP） is introduced to con- trol the amplitude and phase of the optical carrier and phase modulation sidebands. By adjusting the polarization con- troller （PC）, different numbers of taps are got, such as 6, 8, 10 and 121 And the wavelength-spacing of the multi-wavelength laser is 0.4 nm. The bandwidth of the notch filter is changed by adjusting the number of taps and the corresponding bandwidths are 4.41 GHz, 3.30 GHz, 2.64 GHz and 2.19 GHz, respectively. With the additional phase shift introduced by FD-OP, the notch position is continuously ttmed in the whole free spectral range （FSR） of 27.94 GHz. The center frequency of the notch filter can be continuously tuned from 13.97 GHz to 41.91 GHz.

Manipulation of Spontaneous Emission via Quantum Interference in an Elliptically Polarized Laser Field

Manipulation of spontaneous emission from an atom confined in three kinds of modified reservoirs has been investigated by means of an elliptically polarized laser field. Some interesting phenomena such as the multi-peak structure, extreme spectral narrowing, and cancellation of spontaneous emission can be observed by adjusting controllable system parameters. Moreover, these phenomena depend on the constructive or destructive quantum interference between multiple decay channels and which can be changed appreciably by varying the phase difference between the two circularly polarized components of the probe field. These results demonstrate the importance of an elliptially polarized laser field in controlling the spontaneous emission and its potential applications in high-precision spectroscopy.