瑞典居住区生活垃圾自动化收集系统

说起生活垃圾收集，人们立刻会联想起居住区肮脏不堪的垃圾箱房，一到夏天，垃圾箱房边垃圾成堆，果皮满地，蚊蝇乱舞，臭气冲天。到了凌晨，环卫工人开始车运垃圾，一时马达轰鸣，铁锹叮当，不知干扰了多少居民的清梦……改革开放二十多年，上海居民的居住条件发生了巨大的变化，但是，居住区生活垃圾的收集运输方式依然没有根本的改变。最近，笔者出访北欧，参现了瑞典首都斯得哥尔摩的居住区生活垃圾自动化收集系统－－Centralsug系统，颇受启发。

自动化垃圾收集船的设计与应用

为了改善和解决中小型河道、湖泊等环境下的水面漂浮垃圾污染的严峻形势和问题,本文设计了一种基于STM32单片机的自动化垃圾收集船。该垃圾收集船由双体船船体,回桨齿轮箱,动力推进系统,自动化电控平台,垃圾收集网组成;实现旋转回桨,减小阻力的同时经图像处理后自动收集漂浮垃圾;多端口吸水管道增加排量的同时并吸附物体,物联网接入,多端通信可控等功能。本垃圾收集船改善并提高了中小型河道,湖泊等环境下的水面垃圾收集人工步骤繁琐安全性差和收集效率的问题。

热带森林水文研究中数据收集技术的探讨

以尖峰岭热带雨林集水区为基础，研究了降雨径流测定过程中的自动化收集技术，对于常规观测仪在边远原始林区、人为难于实现连续观测，而传动式周计月计仪器在高湿度下（相对湿度大于９０％）收集数据误差较大等诸多问题，实验性地研制使用了电脑化的ＤＳ１００１Ｄ降雨量记录仪和ＤＴ－５ＶＷ－２００水位自动记录仪，经不断的测试、改进，在研究中已初步获得成效．

火力发电厂二氧化碳在线监测方案对比研究

在“双碳”目标背景下,准确的碳排放数据是贯彻碳达峰目标的数据基础,通过连续排放监测的方式对火电机组进行自动化的碳排放数据收集,可有效缩短数据流路线、减少人工干预,为今后的数据整理和核查提供便利,提高碳排放数据核算过程的准确性。阐述了火电机组CEMS的构成和工作流程,通过将CO_(2)分析模块纳入CEMS预处理系统中或新增一套CO_(2)在线监测装置,实现火电企业CO_(2)排放数据的在线实时监测与智能化管控。对比这两种方案的不同运行特点,为今后火力发电机组采用在线监测法进行碳排放数据的统计核算奠定了基础。

聚焦离子束技术在常温生物样品三维重构方面的方法探讨

聚焦离子束连续切片扫描电镜(focused ion beam serial block face scanning electron microscopy,FIB-SEM)技术,目前已被广泛应用于小体积细胞或组织样品的三维重构,具有自动化程度高、Z轴分辨高等优点。本文从包埋块样品准备与处理、样品区域选定、软件设置前准备、软件参数(离子束加工和电子束扫描)设置、软件运行与图像采集和图像处理等多个方面,详细介绍应用FIB-SEM技术对常温生物包埋块样品进行三维重构的流程和细节,并对某些关键性参数展开讨论。

MPPT research based on fuzzy adaptive PID control

In order to improve the efficiency and precision of maximum power point tracking(MPPT)control,a new method is proposed.Based on original MPPT technology of photovoltaic cells,the fuzzy adaptive proportion-integral-differential(PID)control has less fluctuation and higher stability.The simulation circuit using Simulink is established,and output power curves under constant temperature or constant sunlight are obtained.The superiority of the fuzzy PID control method has been proved by means of the simulation results,and it makes the solar system approach maximum power point quickly and smoothly.

New WA-system of kravchenko functions in digital signal processing

On the basis of modified atomic transformations the new WA-systems of Kravchenko functions are constructed.As an example the digital processing of time series of the various physical nature processing is considered.The numerical experiments and physical analysis of the results confirm the efficiency of the proposed WA-systems of Kravchenko functions.

Object-tracking robot using ultrasonic sensor and servo motor

This paper proposes a method that rotation angle of servo motor and distance values of ultrasonic sensor are used for tracking an object in real-time while the robot keeps regular distance.Object detection distance widens by using ultrasonic sensors and object recognition,and movement of robot is controlled by angle of servo motor and distance of ultrasonic sensors.Not adopting the existing tracking methods:camera,laser-infrared(LRF)and many ultrasonic sensors,the proposed method proves that it is possible to track object using ultrasonic sensor and servo motor.Trajectory of robot is represented and analysed according to movement of object in limited conditions.

Most relevant weighted filtering with one-step singular correlation recognition

Based on the recognition of one-step singular correlation and the remedying methods obtained before,the correlation properties of the neighborhood pixels and the characteristics of image de-noising were analyzed.A kind of most relevant weighted filtering method based on one-step singular correlation recognition(OSSC-MRWF)was put forward.The simulation experiments were done and the comparison with some commonly used methods under salt-and-pepper noises was made.The results show that the proposed method can not only effectively recognize salt-and-pepper noises and mend up the noise points,but also protect the original information such as the edge details very well.The accuracy and performance indicators are further improved considerably.

Identifying uncertainty sources in measurements-A methodology

The overall purpose of performing measurements in science is to increase knowledge and document about some physical quantity. The measurand has a true value but, except for straightforward counting situations, the true value can never be fully determined. When a quantity is measured, the outcome depends on the measuring system, the measurement procedure, the skill of the operator, the environment and other effects. In practice the uncertainty on the result may arise from many possible sources, including examples such as incomplete definition, sampling, matrix effects and interferences, environmental couditions, uncertainties of weights and volumetric equipment, reference wtlues, approximations and assump- tions incorporated in the measurement method and procedure, and random wlriation. The objective of the paper is how to identify the sources of uncertainty in measurement and their importance on the result.

A framework of hybrid authentication for link access under MIH environments

A unified hybrid authentication framework was proposed to provide proactive authentication and re-authentication for media independent handover（MIH）-based multi-wireless access. In addition, a specific protocol distributing a hierarchi- cal key after the proactive authentication from key holder to base station has been proposed. The proposed hybrid authenti- cation framework not only performs proaetive authentication with credentials based on Chameleon hashing, which removes the authentication procedures that exchanges messages with a authentication server, but also performs re-authentication with EAP re-authentication protocol（ERP） that distributes the hierarchical key on the basis of the root key generated by the pro- active authentication.

Preparation and characterization of alumina nanoparticles in non-aqueous solution

Nanometer Al2O3powder is prepared by sol-gel method.Trans mission electron microscope(TEM),X-ray diffrac-tion(XRD),ther mal analysis,IR and the grain-testing instructure are used to characterize the particle shape and phase,chemical bonds of hydrous cassiterite andsize distribution after being heated.XRDand TEMshowthat the powder is fibrous γ-Al2O3at800 ℃andsphericalα-Al2O3at1 200℃.The grain-testinginstructure shows that the average particle diameter of γ-Al2O3is36.2nm while that ofα-Al2O3is125.6nm.The IRshows that aluminumstearate is synthesizedin the process of sol-gel.

Information entropy-based estimation of hand and elbow movements using ECoG signals

A method of estimating hand and elbow movements using electrocorticogram （ECoG） signals is proposed. Using multiple channels, surface electromyogram （EMG） signals and ECoG signals were obtained from patients simultaneously. The estimated movements were those to close and then open the hand and those to bend the elbow inward. The patients were encouraged to perform the movements in accordance with their free will instead of after being induced by external stimuli. Surface EMG signals were used to find movement time points, and ECoG signals were used to estimate the movements. To extract the characteristics of the individual movements, the ECoG signals were divided into a total of six bands （the entire band and the ~, 0, a ,fl and 7 bands） to obtain the information entropy, and the maximum likelihood estimation method was used to estimate the movements. The results of the experiment show that the performance averages 74 % when the ECoG of 7 band is used, which is higher than that when other bands are used, and higher estimation success rates are shown in the 7 band than in other bands. The time of the movements is divided into three time sections based on movement time points, and the ＂Before＂ section, which includes the readiness potential, is compared with the ＂Onset＂ section. In the ＂Before＂ section and the ＂Onset＂ section, estimation success rates are 66 % and 65 %, respectively, and thus it is determined that the readiness potential could can be used.

Implementation of motion estimator algorithm with 1/4 pixel accuracy based on FPGA

After research on the motion estimation algorithm in video coding, a motion estimator algorithm with 1/4 pixel ac- curacy is implemented based on fie/d-programmable gate array （FPGA）. The motion estimation algorithm module is made up of the 1[4 pixel interpolation module with serial input and parallel output, the three step search module and the block match- ing module, which can use relatively less Wiener filters for interpolation operation. Experiment results show that the hard- ware design has less consumption of the logical resource, higher stability and lower power consumption.

Test on methane flame velocity in horizontal tube with obstacles

To test flame propagation velocity of gas explosion in a horizontal tube,a set of flame velocity testing system is designed.The system is composed of two parts:a horizontal tube used for methane burning and a flame detection system.The effect of obstacles on flame propagation velocity of methane explosion is tested.Methane volume density is 10% in the tube.The obstacle is the circular ring,2 mm thick.Its blockage ratios are 40%,50% and 60%,respectively.The number of obstacles put in the tube is 1,3,5 and 7.Experimental results show that the obstacle has obviously accelerating effect on flame wave of gas explosion.As the number and blockage ratios of the obstacles increase,flame accelerating became more obviously.When there are seven obstacles,the maximum average flame velocity reaches over 351.2 m/s.When the blockage ratio of three obstacles is 60%,the maximum average flame velocity is 238.9 m/s.

Balancing control of unicycle robot by using sliding control

This paper discusses about balancing control of unicycle robot.Unicycle robot consists of pitch which acts like inverted pendulum and roll which acts like reaction wheel pendulum.The robot which does not have actuator located in yaw axis is made to derive the simple dynamics.Lagrange equation is applied to deriving dynamic equations.Obtained dynamic equations are used to design the sliding mode control.State variables of the designed control are pitch angle and roll angle.Sliding mode control has chattering problem,which is eliminated by using the sigmoid function as switching function.Finally the control performance and eliminated chattering problem is verified by simulation.

Study on Raman and SERS spectra of filter paper and silica gel plate

Raman spectra and surface-enhanced Raman scattering （SERS） spectra of filter paper and silica gel plate are ob- tained at 785-nm excitation wavelength. The results show that filter paper has thirteen Raman lines in 800 - 1 500 cm 1 and silica gel plate has eight lines in the region of 400 - 1 200 cm-I. The frequencies and Raman active modes are assigned. By comparing their Raman spectra and SERS spectra, we find that the silver colloid could repress the Raman intensities of filter paper and silica gel plate, and reduce their effects on the combination of thin-layer chromatographic （TLC） and SERS. Ac- cording to SERS spectra, the bands at 997 cm 1,1 094 cm I ,1 118 cm-1 ,1 336 cm-1 and 1 378 cm-1 for filter paper and the peak of v l [ SO4] symmetric stretching vibration （--1 017 cm-1 ） for silica gel plate also have high intensities, and those lines should be paid enough attention in TLC-SERS.

Classification of the mining land cover based on density segmentation

The Datun mining area is the test area in this paper,and the purpose is to obtain the mining land cover classification map in 2003.The data source used in this paper is the Landsat enhanced thematic mapper plus(ETM)remote sensing data.By obtaining the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)of the study area,the land cover classification information is extracted using the density segmentation method.Because the results cannot distinguish the construction land and wetland,this paper obtains the humidity information of multi-spectral data through the tasseled cap transformation.From the density segmentation image of humidity information,the construction and wetland types can be clearly distinguished.Finally,combining the two classification maps,the visual interpretation using Landsat ETM fusion image with 15-m resolution helps to get the final classification results.After classification accuracy assessment,the overall accuracy calculated from the classification confusion matrix is 86%.This result can be applied in actual project.

Bounding box based on probability density for the pedestrian tracking

This paper proposes a pedestrian tracking approach using bounding box based on probability densities.It is generally a difficult task to track features like corner points in outdoor images due to complex environment.To solve this problem,the feature points are projected along X and Y direction separately,and a histogram is constructed for each projection,with horizontal axis as positions and vertical axis as the number of feature points that lie on each position.Finally,the vertical axis is normalized for expression as probability.After histogram is constructed,the probability of each feature point is checked with a threshold.A feature point will be ignored if its probability is lower than a threshold,while the remaining feature points are grouped,based on which a bounding box is made.Kanade-Lucas Tomasi(KLT)algorithm is adopted as the tracking algorithm because it is able to track local features in images robustly.The efficiency of the tracking results using this method is verified in real environment test.

Facial model fitting algorithm based on active appearance model

Active appearance model（AAM） is an efficient useful for the subsequent work such as face detection and method for the localization of facial feature points, which is also facial expression recognition. In this paper, we mainly discuss the AAMs based on principal component analysis （PCA）. We also propose an efficient facial fitting algorithm, which is named inverse compositional image alignment （ICIA）, to eliminate a considerable amount of computation resulting from traditional gradient descent fitting algorithm. Finally, 3D facial curvature is used to initialize the location of facial feature, which helps select the parameters of initial state for the improved AAM.