Equilibrating Pressure with Auto-Control Valve in Water Distribution Networks

This paper probes into the feasibility of equilibrating pressure of water distribution network through (using auto-control valves) in theory and in the economy. An optimal valve control model is designed to minimize the sum of squares of residual pressure in the network. Such an analog simulation has been performed on the year 2003 programming network of a certain littoral district in North China, through which this paper confirms that it is feasible to equilibrate pressure with auto-control valves in theory. The research work has brought about a discovery of applicable conditions of valves in economic feasibility, which avoids a great economic loss due to the wild use of auto-control valve. In addition, simulated annealing algorithm is applied to optimize valve settings and shown to identify global optimum or near-optimum.

回避型依恋个体记忆缺损的行为特点及神经机制

回避型依恋个体的记忆缺损源于对依恋相关信息的注意回避、编码不足、负性重构偏向及提取失败。文章基于回避型个体消极的他人表征及脆弱/积极的自我表征,展开论述了回避型依恋风格影响记忆加工的内部工作模式与去激活策略、记忆各阶段的加工特点以及自动-控制加工水平的神经机制,呈现出"警惕-抑制"的两阶段加工模型。去激活策略只有在控制加工水平才能在情绪和行为上发挥抑制作用,需要额外的认知资源来应对焦虑和自我调节,从而导致了记忆缺损。未来研究可以从丰富实验材料中的依恋关系类型、扩展回避型个体对记忆内容情绪的感知研究、进一步探讨回避型个体对多种情境事件和人际关系的记忆等角度进行深入探讨。