针对目前精馏法处理TDI水解氯废水能耗高和能量利用率低的问题,以某化工厂TDI含氯废水为研究对象,建立自回热精馏技术提纯工艺。含有TDI及水解氯等重组分的原料液经进料泵送至产品塔进行连续精馏,从顶部分离出TDI产品,冷凝的物料进入回...针对目前精馏法处理TDI水解氯废水能耗高和能量利用率低的问题,以某化工厂TDI含氯废水为研究对象,建立自回热精馏技术提纯工艺。含有TDI及水解氯等重组分的原料液经进料泵送至产品塔进行连续精馏,从顶部分离出TDI产品,冷凝的物料进入回流罐,冷凝成液相也进入回流罐,再通过回流泵一部分回流入塔,另一部分采出,采出的TDI产品输送出界区。塔釜采出TDI和少量水解氯重组分,通过塔釜泵采出后输送出界区。采用Aspen Plus V11流程模拟软件对此流程进行模拟,确定了最优进料位置选第10块塔板,理论塔板数为15块塔板,回流比为1.0,塔顶基本没有水解氯存在,达到了要求的塔顶TDI含量≥99.90%、水解氯含量≤0.001 5%。基于自回热精馏降解TDI生产水解氯技术,仅需192 kW的电耗即能维持整个装置的正常运行,运行费用从614.4万元降为214.7万元,每年可降低65.06%的成本。展开更多
Aiming to improve the thermal characteristics of modern electronics, we experimentally study the performance of a stainless steel/water loop heat pipe(LHP) under natural cooling condition. The LHP heat transfer perfor...Aiming to improve the thermal characteristics of modern electronics, we experimentally study the performance of a stainless steel/water loop heat pipe(LHP) under natural cooling condition. The LHP heat transfer performance, including start-up performance, temperature oscillation and total thermal resistance at different heat loads and with different incline angles have been investigated systematically. Experimental results show that at an optimal heat load(i.e. 60 W) and with the LHP being inclined 60 to the horizontal plane, the total thermal resistance is lowered to be ~0.24 K/W, and the temperature of evaporator could be controlled steadily at around 90 C.展开更多
In this paper we present a stochastic model for daily average temperature to calculate the temperature indices upon which temperature-based derivatives are written. We propose a seasonal mean and volatility model that...In this paper we present a stochastic model for daily average temperature to calculate the temperature indices upon which temperature-based derivatives are written. We propose a seasonal mean and volatility model that describes the daily average temperature behavior using the mean-reverting Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. We also use higher order continuous-time autoregressive process with lag 3 for modeling the time evolution of the temperatures after removing trend and seasonality. Our model is fitted to 11 years of data recorded, in the period 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2015, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, obtained from Ethiopia National Meteorological Services Agency. The analytical approximation formulas are used to price heating degree days(HDD) and cooling degree days(CDD) futures. The suggested model is analytically tractable for derivation of explicit prices for CDD and HDD futures and option. The price of the CDD future is calculated, using analytical approximation formulas. Numerical examples are presented to indicate the accuracy of the method. The results show that our model performs better to predict CDD indices.展开更多
文摘针对目前精馏法处理TDI水解氯废水能耗高和能量利用率低的问题,以某化工厂TDI含氯废水为研究对象,建立自回热精馏技术提纯工艺。含有TDI及水解氯等重组分的原料液经进料泵送至产品塔进行连续精馏,从顶部分离出TDI产品,冷凝的物料进入回流罐,冷凝成液相也进入回流罐,再通过回流泵一部分回流入塔,另一部分采出,采出的TDI产品输送出界区。塔釜采出TDI和少量水解氯重组分,通过塔釜泵采出后输送出界区。采用Aspen Plus V11流程模拟软件对此流程进行模拟,确定了最优进料位置选第10块塔板,理论塔板数为15块塔板,回流比为1.0,塔顶基本没有水解氯存在,达到了要求的塔顶TDI含量≥99.90%、水解氯含量≤0.001 5%。基于自回热精馏降解TDI生产水解氯技术,仅需192 kW的电耗即能维持整个装置的正常运行,运行费用从614.4万元降为214.7万元,每年可降低65.06%的成本。
基金supported by the Guangdong Science and Technology Project(2012A080304002)the CAS Key Laboratory of Renew-able Energy Foundation(y207j7)+2 种基金the Zhuhai Science and Technology Project(2012D0501990019)the Guangzhou Science and Technology Project(2013J4300001)the CAS"100 Talents"Program(FJ)
文摘Aiming to improve the thermal characteristics of modern electronics, we experimentally study the performance of a stainless steel/water loop heat pipe(LHP) under natural cooling condition. The LHP heat transfer performance, including start-up performance, temperature oscillation and total thermal resistance at different heat loads and with different incline angles have been investigated systematically. Experimental results show that at an optimal heat load(i.e. 60 W) and with the LHP being inclined 60 to the horizontal plane, the total thermal resistance is lowered to be ~0.24 K/W, and the temperature of evaporator could be controlled steadily at around 90 C.
文摘In this paper we present a stochastic model for daily average temperature to calculate the temperature indices upon which temperature-based derivatives are written. We propose a seasonal mean and volatility model that describes the daily average temperature behavior using the mean-reverting Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. We also use higher order continuous-time autoregressive process with lag 3 for modeling the time evolution of the temperatures after removing trend and seasonality. Our model is fitted to 11 years of data recorded, in the period 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2015, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, obtained from Ethiopia National Meteorological Services Agency. The analytical approximation formulas are used to price heating degree days(HDD) and cooling degree days(CDD) futures. The suggested model is analytically tractable for derivation of explicit prices for CDD and HDD futures and option. The price of the CDD future is calculated, using analytical approximation formulas. Numerical examples are presented to indicate the accuracy of the method. The results show that our model performs better to predict CDD indices.
