Fundamental Theories of Spatial Similarity Relations in Multi-scale Map Spaces

Similarity relation is one of the spatial relations in the community of geographic information science and cartography.It is widely used in the retrieval of spatial databases, the recognition of spatial objects from images, and the description of spatial features on maps.However, little achievements have been made for it by far.In this paper, spatial similarity relation was put forward with the introduction of automated map generalization in the construction of multi-scale map databases;then the definition of spatial similarity relations was presented based on set theory, the concept of spatial similarity degree was given, and the characteristics of spatial similarity were discussed in detail, in-cluding reflexivity, symmetry, non-transitivity, self-similarity in multi-scale spaces, and scale-dependence.Finally a classification system for spatial similarity relations in multi-scale map spaces was addressed.This research may be useful to automated map generalization, spatial similarity retrieval and spatial reasoning.

浅谈读图析图能力与综合分析能力的培养——以2003年高考文综试卷第36题为例

自地理学科以文综测试卷的形式恢复高考以后,以地图为载体的综合试题占据着高考试卷的主体,地理教师普遍认识到,培养学生的读图析图能力和综合分析能力,是高考能否取得胜利的关键所在。这一点在今年的文科综合能力测试卷上又一次得以体现。 例如第36题,这是一道关于华北地区有关气温分布等内容的读图析图的综合题。