Iris Murdoch is a renowned female novelist and philosopher in the 20th century English literature. In her literary creation, she has a preference for male narration and holds a reserved attitude to women＇s movements ...Iris Murdoch is a renowned female novelist and philosopher in the 20th century English literature. In her literary creation, she has a preference for male narration and holds a reserved attitude to women＇s movements with reluctance to be considered as a feminist writer, which permits her realistic depiction of female characters and dispassionate thought on women＇s problems. This paper, with the interpretation and redefinition of the concepts as consciousness, identity, and self in Murdoch＇s philosophy, analyzes the fragmented self of three female figures in The Flight from the Enchanter （1956） respectively from the perspectives of self-consciousness, identity, and self and reveals that the fragmentation of female selfhood is mainly due to the overwhelming male dominance in the gender relationship.展开更多
Feminism generally agree that their goals are to expose patriarchal premises and resulting prejudices, to promote discovery and reevaluation of literature by women, and to examine social, cultural, and psychosexual co...Feminism generally agree that their goals are to expose patriarchal premises and resulting prejudices, to promote discovery and reevaluation of literature by women, and to examine social, cultural, and psychosexual contexts of literature and literary criticism. comparatively speaking; British Feminist criticism emphasizes the women＇s self-awareness, social critical function and prefers traditional realistic techniques. While American feminism approaches focuses on self-expression and feminine identity.展开更多
This paper demonstrates how much the forest was used by medieval writers as a symbolic space where critical events take place deeply affecting their protagonists. The forest motif can be found in the works of St. Augu...This paper demonstrates how much the forest was used by medieval writers as a symbolic space where critical events take place deeply affecting their protagonists. The forest motif can be found in the works of St. Augustine as well as in Dante＇s Divina Commedia （ca. 1308-1321）, and then in a plethora of other texts. Here the author examines more closely the symbolic meaning of the forest as a mysterious, dangerous, yet also spiritual location in Wolfram von Eschenbach＇s Titurel （ca. 1220） and then in two 15th-century prose novels： Thtiring von Ringoltingen＇s Melusine （1456） and the anonymous Fortunatus （1509）. Each time we recognize how much the poets placed their central figures one in the forest where their life takes a major turn. Recognizing this intriguing function of the forest as a metaphor and symbol, we can employ the modern interest in and fascination with the forest as a refuge from the destruction of the natural environment through modem civilization as segue to attract students to the study of medieval literature once again.展开更多
With Perelman＇s Neo Rhetoric the ＂Rhetorical Empire＂ is built and with the contribution of Koorebyter＇s group this empire gets to its limits by including Opinion also in Natural Sciences. Concomitantly, within com...With Perelman＇s Neo Rhetoric the ＂Rhetorical Empire＂ is built and with the contribution of Koorebyter＇s group this empire gets to its limits by including Opinion also in Natural Sciences. Concomitantly, within communication, the number and variety of opinions tend toward infinity. In this cultural context, a Deontology of Opinion is both possible and necessary. The first part establishes the theoretical frame of the issue on four axes： （1） the historical fate of Opinion; （2） the fundamental and specific Functors; （3） the relation between Certitude, Conviction, and Credence; （4） correctness, the second part presents 10 Deontological Rules of Opinion （out of the 18 possible）; and （5） it is a Code based on 10 Rules thus, a Decalogue. The Code presents each Rule, both in its positive （must） and negative （~must） form. Rules are first enunciated and then explained and illustrated. Being also a theory of Opinion, the paper can be considered a Meta-opinion. It can have four finalities： （1） one, purely theoretical, to be included among similar papers in the field; （2） a methodological one as it offers reference points for the elaboration of particular Deontological Codes; （3） a scientific one offering the background for sociologic researches of Opinion; and （4） an educational one aiming at forming correct （optimum） Opinions in various fields.展开更多
文摘Iris Murdoch is a renowned female novelist and philosopher in the 20th century English literature. In her literary creation, she has a preference for male narration and holds a reserved attitude to women＇s movements with reluctance to be considered as a feminist writer, which permits her realistic depiction of female characters and dispassionate thought on women＇s problems. This paper, with the interpretation and redefinition of the concepts as consciousness, identity, and self in Murdoch＇s philosophy, analyzes the fragmented self of three female figures in The Flight from the Enchanter （1956） respectively from the perspectives of self-consciousness, identity, and self and reveals that the fragmentation of female selfhood is mainly due to the overwhelming male dominance in the gender relationship.
文摘Feminism generally agree that their goals are to expose patriarchal premises and resulting prejudices, to promote discovery and reevaluation of literature by women, and to examine social, cultural, and psychosexual contexts of literature and literary criticism. comparatively speaking; British Feminist criticism emphasizes the women＇s self-awareness, social critical function and prefers traditional realistic techniques. While American feminism approaches focuses on self-expression and feminine identity.
文摘This paper demonstrates how much the forest was used by medieval writers as a symbolic space where critical events take place deeply affecting their protagonists. The forest motif can be found in the works of St. Augustine as well as in Dante＇s Divina Commedia （ca. 1308-1321）, and then in a plethora of other texts. Here the author examines more closely the symbolic meaning of the forest as a mysterious, dangerous, yet also spiritual location in Wolfram von Eschenbach＇s Titurel （ca. 1220） and then in two 15th-century prose novels： Thtiring von Ringoltingen＇s Melusine （1456） and the anonymous Fortunatus （1509）. Each time we recognize how much the poets placed their central figures one in the forest where their life takes a major turn. Recognizing this intriguing function of the forest as a metaphor and symbol, we can employ the modern interest in and fascination with the forest as a refuge from the destruction of the natural environment through modem civilization as segue to attract students to the study of medieval literature once again.
文摘With Perelman＇s Neo Rhetoric the ＂Rhetorical Empire＂ is built and with the contribution of Koorebyter＇s group this empire gets to its limits by including Opinion also in Natural Sciences. Concomitantly, within communication, the number and variety of opinions tend toward infinity. In this cultural context, a Deontology of Opinion is both possible and necessary. The first part establishes the theoretical frame of the issue on four axes： （1） the historical fate of Opinion; （2） the fundamental and specific Functors; （3） the relation between Certitude, Conviction, and Credence; （4） correctness, the second part presents 10 Deontological Rules of Opinion （out of the 18 possible）; and （5） it is a Code based on 10 Rules thus, a Decalogue. The Code presents each Rule, both in its positive （must） and negative （~must） form. Rules are first enunciated and then explained and illustrated. Being also a theory of Opinion, the paper can be considered a Meta-opinion. It can have four finalities： （1） one, purely theoretical, to be included among similar papers in the field; （2） a methodological one as it offers reference points for the elaboration of particular Deontological Codes; （3） a scientific one offering the background for sociologic researches of Opinion; and （4） an educational one aiming at forming correct （optimum） Opinions in various fields.
