Fichte＇s various articulations of the Wissenschaftslehre （＂theory of scientific knowledge＂） are self-conscious attempts to systematize Kant＇s critical philosophy. Fichte＇s notion of the pure I （ieh） serves as...Fichte＇s various articulations of the Wissenschaftslehre （＂theory of scientific knowledge＂） are self-conscious attempts to systematize Kant＇s critical philosophy. Fichte＇s notion of the pure I （ieh） serves as the theoretical starting-point for his exposition of transcendental idealism, and in many ways this concept is analogous to Kant＇s notion of the transcendental unity of apperception explained in the Critique of Pure Reason. This paper argues that although Fichte and Kant agree on （1） the active nature of the pure I, （2） the distinction between pure and empirical apperception, and （3） skepticism concerning the possibility of theoretical knowledge of any positive （i.e., noumenal） content of the pure I, their respective notions of pure apperception differ in that Kant affirms the conceptual priority of the pure I to its objects while Fichte denies the same. Fichte＇s departure from Kant on this point foreshadows many later recognition theories of consciousness, e.g., those of Hegel and Marx.展开更多
The American writer Kate Chopin＇s masterpiece, The Awakening published in the late 19th century is one of the classics in female literature. The heroine Edna having the courage to pursue self-reliance and express her...The American writer Kate Chopin＇s masterpiece, The Awakening published in the late 19th century is one of the classics in female literature. The heroine Edna having the courage to pursue self-reliance and express her self-awareness, is regarded as a ＂new woman＂, while the comments on her husband, Mr. Pontellier are quite negative--He regards Edna as a private property and a sexual tool, leading to her awakening and suicide. In this paper, the author reinterprets Mr. Pontellier with the method of close reading in new criticism, deeming that it is the binary opposition in thinking that leads to the misreading. Mr. Pontellier was just a follower of the tradition and custom. The objective evaluation and reinterpretation to him can help students to develop the habit of critical thinking and the courage to pursue truth is case they form a simple thinking mode of the binary opposition.展开更多
文摘Fichte＇s various articulations of the Wissenschaftslehre （＂theory of scientific knowledge＂） are self-conscious attempts to systematize Kant＇s critical philosophy. Fichte＇s notion of the pure I （ieh） serves as the theoretical starting-point for his exposition of transcendental idealism, and in many ways this concept is analogous to Kant＇s notion of the transcendental unity of apperception explained in the Critique of Pure Reason. This paper argues that although Fichte and Kant agree on （1） the active nature of the pure I, （2） the distinction between pure and empirical apperception, and （3） skepticism concerning the possibility of theoretical knowledge of any positive （i.e., noumenal） content of the pure I, their respective notions of pure apperception differ in that Kant affirms the conceptual priority of the pure I to its objects while Fichte denies the same. Fichte＇s departure from Kant on this point foreshadows many later recognition theories of consciousness, e.g., those of Hegel and Marx.
文摘The American writer Kate Chopin＇s masterpiece, The Awakening published in the late 19th century is one of the classics in female literature. The heroine Edna having the courage to pursue self-reliance and express her self-awareness, is regarded as a ＂new woman＂, while the comments on her husband, Mr. Pontellier are quite negative--He regards Edna as a private property and a sexual tool, leading to her awakening and suicide. In this paper, the author reinterprets Mr. Pontellier with the method of close reading in new criticism, deeming that it is the binary opposition in thinking that leads to the misreading. Mr. Pontellier was just a follower of the tradition and custom. The objective evaluation and reinterpretation to him can help students to develop the habit of critical thinking and the courage to pursue truth is case they form a simple thinking mode of the binary opposition.
