基于顾客选择的自提点选址双层规划模型

顾客选择行为影响配送企业自提点网络的运作效率。运用前景理论和MNL模型,分别刻画顾客对送货上门存在的依赖心理和缺乏准确计算能力评估自提服务损失价值的有限理性行为。将配送服务模拟成不同的排队系统,重新构造送货上门服务和不同自提服务的期待价值函数。考虑配送企业和顾客的不同利益,构建自提点选址双层规划模型,以NSGA-II和免疫算法迭代求解上下层模型并进行算例分析。计算结果验证了模型和算法的有效性与可行性,揭示了配送企业在布局自提点时应关注顾客有限理性行为。

考虑客户满意度的自提点选址研究

企业正积极推进自提点设施建设,进一步提高末端配送效率,以应对快递量的急剧增加。自提点特征在于直接面向客户,客户对自提点的满意程度直接影响客户是否接受自提点服务。为此,考虑取货距离、自提点吸引力等因素,设计客户满意度的分段函数。在此基础上,构造以覆盖客户自提量最大化为目标的自提点选址模型,并利用免疫算法求解。最后进行算例实验,结果显示,客户满意度对自提点选址结果有重要影响,企业在决策前有必要充分调研影响客户满意度的因素。

考虑送货上门影响的自提点多目标选址问题

为提高自提点运行的效率和效益,研究了考虑受送货上门影响的自提点选址问题。基于巢式逻辑模型,提出顾客选择自提服务的决策过程,并刻画了顾客无法准确评估送货上门等待效用或者自提损失效用的有限理性。从顾客期望效用最大化的角度出发,基于排队模型,考虑取货距离、取货时间、运费、安全性、沟通便利性、退货方便性等因素,构造送货上门与不同自提点的分段效用函数。在此基础上,构建了有限理性下自提点选址的多目标优化模型,用自提点的总成本反映效益目标,用总服务需求反映效率目标。针对优化问题,采用非支配排序遗传算法进行求解。算例结果显示:忽略送货上门的影响将导致设立的自提点总成本和总服务需求量增加;顾客理性程度越高,自提点的总成本和总服务需求将越大;在低运费条件下,顾客将更多地选择送货上门服务,反之将选择自提服务。

考虑已建自提点影响的自提点多目标选址研究

针对已建自提点对客户选择行为和企业决策影响较大的现状,以客户取货距离、客户自提量覆盖程度作为自提点效用的评价指标,并运用分段函数刻画已建自提点对不同效用的影响。在此基础上,构建以自提点效用最大化、总建设成本最小化为目标的自提点多目标选址模型,并利用NSGA-Ⅱ算法求解,最后进行算例实验。结果显示,已建自提点对自提点效用和选址方案均有重要影响,企业在布局自提点网络时需要对区域内的已建自提点进行充分调研。

Competitive location problem of multi-level pickup point considering cooperative coverage

To occupy a greater market share in terminal distribution, companies are urged to make full use of cooperative coverage formed with brand effect and information sharing in the layout of pickup points. Based on the diversity of pickup points, the piecewise function, signal intensity function and probability function are introduced. Meanwhile, considering the effect of distance satisfaction and cooperation coverage on customer behavior, the location model of the pickup point under competitive environments is established. The genetic algorithm is used to solve the problem, and the effectiveness of the model and algorithm is verified by a case. The results show that the sensitivity of weighted demand coverages to budget decreases gradually. The maximum weighted demand coverage increases at first and then decreases with the increase of the signal threshold, and there is a positive correlation with the change of the actual demand coverage to the senior customers, but it is negatively related to the intermediate and primary customers. When the number of high-level pickup points in a competitive enterprise is small, the advantage of the target enterprise is more significant. Through comparison, the cooperative coverage model is better than the non-cooperative coverage model, in terms of the weighted demand coverage, the construction cost and the attention paid to the important customers.