自标准数据及其在数据交换中的应用

为弥补数据交换实际应用中交换标准的不足,本文首次提出了'自标准数据'、'数据港口'、'数据码头'和'数据泵'的观点。为提供更加灵活的数据提供方式,数据提供者可以'自标准化'所提供的数据,并将这些数据存放在数据港口;对于数据消费者,可以利用数据泵从数据港口获取并解析出所需要的数据。文中对自标准数据的定义、特性、产生的背景、基于自标准数据和数据港口的数据交换的技术架构以及应用的领域等进行了论述。原型系统实现及企业应用验证了自标准数据和数据港口技术的有效性和可行性。

以概念为中心的自标准数据和标准化数据统一规范化体系模型研究

捅要绝大多数企业的数据字典具有"裸"字典的特性,字典的语义很"弱",究其原因是这些数据字典与企业概念体系相脱离,企业不重视或忽视了概念体系模型的建设。一般来讲,绝大多数企业仅仅将概念体系模型当作提取字典的一个中间产品,一旦字典建成,概念体系模型生命周期也随之结束。数据标准建设的目的是为数据共享服务,实践证明:企业数据标准建设的速度往往落后于应用对标准的需求速度,结果导致了对数据标准的供需矛盾。为此,文献[1]首次提出了采用自标准数据与标准数据联合解决这一问题的思路,并将自标准数据作为标准数据的有效补充。通过对逻辑学中的概念、语义学中的语义以及ISO/IEC 11179(ED3)等诸多技术研究的基础上得出结论:认为自标准数据与标准数据规范化过程没有本质区别,并提出了将二者规范化方法融为一体的以概念为中心的数据规范化体系框架。该模型认为规范化过程包括两项核心内容:一个是建立规范的概念体系模型,目的是增强数据语义;另一个是规范描述这些概念的属性(元数据),加强元数据规范性。二者是一切数据标准的"源点"或"根"。因此,企业在进行数据标准建设的过程中一定不要忽视企业概念体系模型标准的建设。并极力主张这些数据标准都是企业的重要资产,企业必须对它们进行统一注册、管理、发布及应用。

基于自标准数据和数据港口架构的数据共享技术

为满足复杂数据共享需求、减轻数据提供者负担,分析自标准与数据港口架构理论机器实现技术.将数据模式的概念引入自标准数据模型,根据NIEM原理,构建由公共数据模型、业务领域数据模型及编码表构成的自标准数据模型库;基于MFI-13表单注册标准,根据自标准数据模型对数据集进行注册,为实现软件之间的互操作对应生成元数据,并描述元数据遵循的语法及语义;为实现自标准数据的共享,提出基于数据港口架构的数据共享模型,并构建原型系统,证明其有效性和技术可行性.

基于自标准的多源数据一体化方法研究

大数据是现代信息技术的重要发展方向之一,实现大数据的共享和分析将带来不可估量的经济价值,同时也对社会产生巨大的推动作用。但是由于应用数据缺乏解析的标准而无法很好地实现信息共享。论文介绍了通过自标准数据解决数据共享的问题,利用自定义数据标准的方式实现数据的解析和共享,通过建立自标准数据模式、开发自定义标准支撑模型、研究自标准数据的定义过程、为应用端预留的功能来解决数据共享的难题。

自标准数据设想

本文突破传统数据标准化思维,提出自标准数据的设想.自标准数据即将与其标准或格式同时打包,提供给数据使用者,数据使用者按照其自带的标准或格式提取数据.自标准数据是传统数据标准体系的重要补充和理论创新,对信息共享具有重要意义.

信息孤岛解决之道——数据港口架构理论初探

当今"信息孤岛"问题越来越成为困扰信息界的一个普遍问题。本文首次结合物流运输业的两大变革——集装箱和港口,给出"自标准数据"和"数据港口"概念,设计并阐述了"数据港口"解决信息孤岛问题的运行架构理论。"自标准数据"和"数据港口"技术对于有效地解决企业内外多专业、多学科间复杂的数据交换、集成和共享问题具有深远意义,特别是对大数据交换也具有很好的应用价值。

Study on the scales of heterogeneous geologic bodies in random media

In order to study the scale characteristics of heterogeneities in complex media, a random medium is constructed using a statistical method and by changing model parameters （autocorrelation lengths a and b）, the scales of heterogeneous geologic bodies in the horizontal and the vertical Cartesian directions may be varied in the medium. The autocorrelation lengths a and b represent the mean scale of heterogeneous geologic bodies in the horizontal and vertical Cartesian directions in the randQm medium, respectively. Based on this model, the relationship between model autocorrelation lengths and heterogeneous geologic body scales is studied by horizontal velocity variation and standard deviation. The horizontal velocity variation research shows that velocities are in random perturbation. The heterogeneous geologic body scale increases with increasing autocorrelation length. The recursion equation for the relationship between autocorrelation lengths and heterogeneous geologic body scales is determined from the velocity standard deviation research and the actual heterogeneous geologic body scale magnitude can be estimated by the equation.

Quadratic Radical Function Better Than Fisher z Transformation

A new explicit quadratic radical function is found by numerical experiments,which is simpler and has only 70.778%of the maximal distance error compared with the Fisher z transformation.Furthermore,a piecewise function is constructed for the standard normal distribution:if the independent variable falls in the interval(-1.519,1.519),the proposed function is employed;otherwise,the Fisher z transformation is used.Compared with the Fisher z transformation,this piecewise function has only 38.206%of the total error.The new function is more exact to estimate the confidence intervals of Pearson product moment correlation coefficient and Dickinson best weights for the linear combination of forecasts.

Diagnostic criteria for autoimmune pancreatitis in Japan

Autoimmune pancreatitis （AIP） is a particular type of pancreatitis of presumed autoimmune etiology. Currently, AIP should be diagnosed based on combination of clinical, serological, morphological, and histopathological features. When diagnosing AIP, it is most important to differentiate it from pancreatic cancer. Diagnostic criteria for AIP, proposed by the Japan Pancreas Society in 2002 first in the world, were revised in 2006. The criteria are based on the minimum consensus of AIP and aim to avoid misdiagnosing pancreatic cancer as far as possible, but not for screening AIR The criteria consist of the following radiological, serological, and histopathological items： （1） radiological imaging showing narrowing of the main pancreatic duct and enlargement of the pancreas, which are characteristic of the disease; （2） laboratory data showing abnormally elevated levels of serum y-globulin, IgG or IgG4, or the presence of autoantibodies; （3） histopathological examination of the pancreas demonstrating marked fibrosis and prominent infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells, which is called lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis （LPSP）. For a diagnosis of AIP, criterion 1 must be present, together with criterion 2 and/ or criterion 3. However, it is necessary to exclude malignant diseases such as pancreatic or biliary cancer.

Colonoscopic polypectomy in anticoagulated patients

AIM:To review our experience performing polypectomy in anticoagulated patients without interruption of anticoagulation.METHODS: Retrospective chart review at the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System. Two hundred and twenty five polypectomies were performed in 123 patients. Patients followed a standardized protocol that included stopping warfarin for 36 h to avoid supratherapeutic anticoagulation from the bowel preparation. Patients with lesions larger than 1 cm were generally rescheduled for polypectomy off warfarin. Endoscopic clips were routinely applied prophylactically. RESULTS: One patient (0.8%, 95% CI: 0.1%-4.5%) developed major post-polypectomy bleeding that required transfusion. Two others (1.6%, 95% CI: 0.5%-5.7%) had self-limited hematochezia at home and did not seek medical attention. The average polyp size was 5.1 ± 2.2 mm. CONCLUSION: Polypectomy can be performed in therapeutically anticoagulated patients with lesions up to 1 cm in size with an acceptable bleeding rate.

Parameters effects on spiking deconvolution of land seismic data

Spiking deconvolution is a standard Wiener Levinson algorithm. The autocorrelation of the design time gate is computed and there is a specified taper on the design gate before the autoeorrelation is done. The standard equations are set up, prewhitening is added to the zero lag value of the autocorrelation and the matrix is inverted to derive the spiking operator. In this study, the authors describe a technique for performing spiking deconvolution on prestack time migration （PSTM） data, to test the effect of operator length and percent prewhitening in spiking deconvolution and apply spiking deconvolution trace by trace, with operator lengths 15ms, 10 ms and 5 ms when percent prewhitening 0% , 40ms and 60ms for percent prewhitening 1%. The results show when prewhitening is 0% the shorter operator gives better results, but when value of prewhitening is bigger than 0% it is better to use longer operator lengths.

Reliability-based robust multi-obj ective optimization of a 5-DOF vehicle vibration model subjected to random road profiles

Ride and handling are two paramount factors in design and development of vehicle suspension systems. Conflicting trends in ride and handling characteristics propel engineers toward employing multi-objective optimization methods capable of providing the best trade-off designs compromising both criteria simultaneously. Although many studies have been performed on multi-objective optimization of vehicle suspension system, only a few of them have used probabilistic approaches considering effects of uncertainties in the design. However, it has been proved that optimum point obtained from deterministic optimization without taking into account the effects of uncertainties may lead to high-risk points instead of optimum ones. In this work, reliability-based robust multi-objective optimization of a 5 degree of freedom （5-DOF） vehicle suspension system is performed using method of non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II （NSGA-II） in conjunction with Monte Carlo simulation （MCS） to obtain best designs considering both comfort and handling. Road profile is modeled as a random function using power spectral density （PSD） which is in better accordance with reality. To accommodate the robust approach, the variance of all objective functions is also considered to be minimized. Also, to take into account the reliability criterion, a reliability-based constraint is considered in the optimization. A deterministic optimization has also been performed to compare the results with probabilistic study and some other deterministic studies in the literature. In addition, sensitivity analysis has been performed to reveal the effects of different design variables on objective functions. To introduce the best trade-off points from the obtained Pareto fronts, TOPSIS method has been employed. Results show that optimum design point obtained from probabilistic optimization in this work provides better performance while demonstrating very good reliability and robustness. However, other optimum points from deterministic optimizations violate the regarded constraints in the presence of uncertainties.

Two New Multi-component BKP Hierarchies

We firstly propose two kinds of new multi-component BKP （mcBKP） hierarchy based on the eigenfunction symmetry reduction and nonstandard reduction, respectively. The first one contains two types of BKP equation with self-consistent sources whose Lax representations are presented. The two mcBKP hierarchies both admit reductions to the k-constrained BKP hierarchy and to integrable （1＋1）-dimensional hierarchy with self-consistent sources, which include two types of SK equation with self-consistent sources and of hi-directional SK equations with self-consistent

Advanced Communication System in Substation for Integrated Protection

This paper proposes an advanced substation integrated protection communication system based on the latest development in power system.The integrated protection communication system within a substation comprises a number of major components such as the merging unit, communication network and integrated protection unit.The design and capability evaluation of the communication network based on IEC61850 are focused on.Results show that huge information from 4 merging units can be transmitted real-time via adopting 100 Mbit/s optical fiber in a substation,and the proposed communication network is able to achieve required performance.

Diagnostic criteria for autoimmune hepatitis in children: A challenge for pediatric hepatologists

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a progressive inflammatory liver disorder that is rare in children and adolescents. AIH has a broad clinical spectrum and a quick response to treatment with corticosteroids and immunosuppressive medication. The available diagnosis criteria have limitations and should be evaluated in pediatric populations. Recently, some studies reported that the 2008 simplified diagnostic criteria for AIH could be used in children with high sensibility and specificity. In addition, the authors reported that globulin and immunoglobulin G levels can be used interchangeably for diagnostic purposes. They also demonstrated that the 2008 simplified criteria fail in identifying patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Here, we discuss the limitations of the use of these criteria in pediatric patients and the requirement of more studies to improve the diagnosis of AIH in children.

Research of database-based modeling for mining management system

Put forward the method to construct the simulation model automatically with database-based automatic modeling(DBAM) for mining system. Designed the standard simulation model linked with some open cut Pautomobile dispatch system. Analyzed and finded out the law among them, and designed model maker to realize the automatic pro- gramming of the new model program.

Multi-Criterion Optimal Design of Automotive Door Based on Metamodeling Technique and Genetic Algorithm

A method for optimizing automotive doors under multiple criteria involving the side impact, stiffness, natural frequency, and structure weight is presented. Metamodeling technique is employed to construct approximations to replace the high computational simulation models. The approximating functions for stiffness and natural frequency are constructed using Taylor series approximation. Three popular approximation techniques,i.e.polynomial response surface (PRS), stepwise regression (SR), and Kriging are studied on their accuracy in the construction of side impact functions. Uniform design is employed to sample the design space of the door impact analysis. The optimization problem is solved by a multi-objective genetic algorithm. It is found that SR technique is superior to PRS and Kriging techniques in terms of accuracy in this study. The numerical results demonstrate that the method successfully generates a well-spread Pareto optimal set. From this Pareto optimal set, decision makers can select the most suitable design according to the vehicle program and its application.

A new improvement of TCP based on adaptive filtering

On the basis of studying the standard TCP retransmission mechanism, this paper proposes a method to adopt the theory of adaptive filtering in the field for the estimation of round trip time （RTT）. Then this method is embedded in TCP for estimation of RTT, and defined as RTT-AF TCP. In the schemes with Only-TCP flow and with TCP and UDP flow fighting for the link, the experiment results were made and analyzed by using the standard TCP and the RTT-AF TCP. The experimental results show higher throughput and lower loss rate of packets by using RTT-AF TCP for data transmission, and achieve excellent effect.

Update on endoscopic pancreatic function testing

Hormone-stimulated pancreatic function tests (PFTs) are considered the gold standard for measuring pancreatic exocrine function. PFTs involve the administration of intravenous secretin or cholecystokinin, followed by collection and analysis of pancreatic secretions. Because exocrine function may decline in the earliest phase of pancreatic fibrosis, PFTs are considered accurate for diagnosing chronic pancreatitis. Unfortunately, these potentially valuable tests are infrequently performed except at specialized centers, because they are time consuming and complicated. To overcome these limitations, endoscopic PFT methods have been developed which include aspiration of pancreatic secretions through the suction channel of the endoscope. The secretin endoscopic pancreatic function test (ePFT) involves collection of duodenal aspirates at 15, 30, 45 and 60 min after secretin stimulation. A bicarbonate concentration greater than 80 mmol/L in any of the samples is considered a normal result. The secretin ePFT has demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity compared with various reference standards, including the "Dreiling tube" secretin PFT, endoscopic ultrasound, and surgical histology. Furthermore, a standard autoanalyzer can be used for bicarbonate analysis, which allows the secretin ePFT to be performed at any hospital. The secretin ePFT may complement imaging tests like endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in the diagnosis of early chronic pancreatitis.This paper will review the literature validating the use of ePFT in the diagnosis of exocrine insufficiency and chronic pancreatitis. Newer developments will also be discussed, including the feasibility of combined EUS/ ePFT, the use of cholecystokinin alone or in combination with secretin, and the discovery of new protein and lipid pancreatic juice biomarkers which may complement traditional fluid analysis.