东营凹陷深层自源型油气成藏模式与勘探实践

东营凹陷深层是以“红层”为典型特征的沙河街组四段下亚段(沙四下亚段)—孔店组,该套层系沉积厚度大、储量发现少,蕴含着极大的勘探潜力。综合深层烃源岩评价、高成熟油源对比及自源型油气成藏模式的系统分析,明确了深层沙四下亚段和孔店组二段(孔二段)两套烃源岩的基本特征,落实了深层的资源潜力,同时深入剖析关键成藏要素条件,建立了自源型差异油气成藏模式。研究表明,深层孔二段烃源岩有机质类型为Ⅱ_(1)—Ⅲ型,评价为过成熟中等烃源岩;沙四下亚段烃源岩有机质类型为Ⅰ—Ⅱ_(1)型,评价为成熟优质烃源岩。利用原型盆地的井—震追踪落实烃源岩展布,进而评价出深层资源量为11.35×10^(8)t。同时,建立了两种自源型油气藏的差异成藏模式,一种是陡坡带沙四下亚段烃源岩直接对接深层砂砾岩储层,匹配形成凝析油气—常规油的纵向有序油气藏;另一种是南部斜坡带孔店组源内的“源—断—储—圈”差异油气运聚模式。分析认为,基于东营凹陷深层烃源岩品质与规模的深化认识,以及两种自源型油藏模式的认识可将勘探目的层至少下探1500m,初步估算新增圈闭资源量近2×10^(8)t,东营凹陷深层自源型油藏预计在“十四五”期间迎来重大突破。

自源型铁细菌固化玄武岩残积土的室内试验研究

铁细菌能将二价铁氧化成三价铁生成以氢氧化铁为主的红棕色黏性物。利用铁细菌这一特性在贵州省毕威高速公路沿线赫章县境内的玄武岩残积土中筛选培养自源型铁细菌,对其进行环保固化处理。通过菌种筛选分析、直接剪切试验、X射线荧光光谱分析、扫描电镜、能谱分析等微细观检测方法探究铁细菌固化对玄武岩残积土的影响。结果表明:单细胞呈杆状、整体呈丝状、具有共同鞘套的XT03菌种更适合用于土体的微生物固化;位于地表铁质含量相对较高的红棕色玄武岩残积土铁细菌固化效果明显优于位于地面以下一定深度铁质含量相对较少的黄褐色玄武岩残积土;经铁细菌XT03固化后,在红棕色玄武岩残积土中形成了全面覆盖、无清晰边缘、具有一定脉络、局部有丝状连接物的空间网状胶结体系。

南海北部珠江口盆地油气运聚成藏机制与特征

以油气藏形成的源储控制因素为核心和切入点,总结出珠江口盆地3种主要的油气运聚成藏机制,即古近系半地堑洼陷自源型油气成藏机制、三角洲砂岩—生物礁外源型油气成藏机制、深水扇系统外源型油气成藏机制。古近系半地堑洼陷自源型油气运聚成藏机制,其烃源供给系统与油气运聚系统均位于半地堑体系内部,具有自源型近距离原地运聚成藏的特点;三角洲砂岩—生物礁外源型油气成藏机制,其烃源供给主要来自三角洲—生物礁运聚成藏体系之外下伏的古近系半地堑烃源供给系统,因此,其纵向烃源断裂体系及构造脊砂体和不整合面构成的油气运聚系统为主要控制因素;处于盆地南部陆坡深水区的深水扇系统外源型油气运聚成藏机制,其烃源供给亦主要来自下伏的古近系地堑型烃源供给系统,且上渐新统海相烃源岩亦有贡献,而纵向烃源断裂体系与深水扇体系中良好储层共同构成的深水油气运聚系统,则是形成这种油气藏之关键所在。

Two States CBR Modeling of Data Source in Dynamic Traffic Monitoring Sensor Networks

Real traffic information was analyzed in the statistical characteristics and approximated as a Gaussian time series. A data source model, called two states constant bit rate (TSCBR), was proposed in dynamic traffic monitoring sensor networks. Analysis of autocorrelation of the models shows that the proposed TSCBR model matches with the statistical characteristics of real data source closely. To further verify the validity of the TSCBR data source model, the performance metrics of power consumption and network lifetime was studied in the evaluation of sensor media access control (SMAC) algorithm. The simulation results show that compared with traditional data source models, TSCBR model can significantly improve accuracy of the algorithm evaluation.

Evolution Stages of Oasis Economy and Its Dependence on Natural Resources in Tarim River Basin

This paper examines spatio-temporal characteristics of an oasis economy and its relationship with water and mineral resources in the Tarim River Basin from 1965 to 2005. A spatial autocorrelation model, the center of gravity model, and index system of the regional central city are used to probe the evolution laws of spatial structure of oasis economy. The study finds that: 1) The economic centre of gravity, whose variation track during this period follows linear rate law, was moving from headstream to middle reaches of the Tarim River. 2) Positive spatial autocorrelation which showed a waving and ascending trend of regional economy was significant and the neighbor effect of regional economic growth was strengthened continuously. 3) The regional economic centre was located in Hotan City before 1980, moved to Aksu City during the 1980s and to Korla City after 1990. We conclude that above all, during the recent four decades the evolution of the oasis economy in this region has gone through three stages: a traditional agriculture stage (before 1980), oasis agriculture and agricultural product processing stage (1980–1990) and oasis energy industry stage (after 1990). Furthermore, the dependence degree of the oasis economy on natural resources in different stages are studied by using dominance index, regression model, and grey relation method, which shows that an oasis econ- omy highly depends on water resources in the oasis agriculture and agricultural product processing stage while it de- pends more on mineral resources such as oil and natural gas during the oasis energy industry stage.

Application of Fuzzy Discrete Event System in Air Conditioning Energy-saving

Air conditioning (AC) system is the one with asynchronous and uncertain nature. In this paper, the fuzzy discrete event system (FDES) is introduced to the research of AC energy-saving control. A fuzzy automaton modeling is given for AC energy-saving control and effectiveness optimization is made. To facilitate the implement of the control and energy saving, priorities have been assigned to the major control steps based on logical reasoning. Forward-looking tree modeling based on FDES has been simplified to help further optimization, and a simple and concrete example has been put forward illustrating energy-saving control in AC system.

Optimal control of natural resources in mining industry

The paper focuses on the optimal control of natural resources in mining industry. The purpose is to pro- pose an optimal extraction series of these resources during the lifetime of the Mine＇s maintenance. Fol- lowing the proposed optimal control model, a sensitivity analysis has been performed that includes the interest rate impact on the optimal solution. This study shows that the increasing of the interest rate sti- mulates faster extraction of the resources. The discounting factor induces that the resource has to be extracted faster hut this effect is counterbalanced by the diminishing returns of the annual cash flow. At higher parameters of ＂alpha＂ close to one of the power function about 80% from the whole resource will be extracted during the first 4 years of object/mine maintenance. An existence of unique positive root with respect to return of investment has been proposed and proved by two ways： by the ＂method of chords＂ and by using specialized software.

The Application of Expand Option of Real Options in Human Resources Evaluation

The traditional models of evaluating human resources are mainly based upon the discounted value of future payment, but these models fail to take the employment risk into account, and often neglect the uncertainty and underes- timate the human resource value. This paper first introduces the option theory, and then presents human resources as the real commodity for the call option. Second, concerning the choices for the uncertainty decision, the decisions of delay- ing the employment of the human resources, expanding or deducing the scale of human resources, giving up or chang- ing human resources, etc., are made to deal with the future uncertainties appropriately. This will cause the investment to be more beneficial or to reduce the loss. Finally, the expand option theory of real options is used to evaluate the value of reinvestment in human resources, and the expand option theory could be provided as a reference for management im- plementation and decision-making in human resources.

Measuring Contribution of BIM （Building Information Modeling） to the Construction Sustainability Goals

＂BIM （building information modeling）＂ and ＂sustainability＂ are two frequently used words in construction and academia today. BIM is a design-oriented tool, which generates a virtual three-dimensional model of a project. Sustainability refers to prudent use of earth＇s natural resources, and construction sustainability is the application of this principle to building activities. Societies in general and the construction industry in particular--one of the largest in terms of natural resources consumed and waste produced--place high hopes on BIM and the principles of sustainability to reduce consumption and waste and to increase industry productivity. BIM＇s capabilities and limitations, currently more focused on model creation and energy simulations, are not well understood as they relate to construction sustainability and its goals. No method yet exists to evaluate BIM＇s contribution comprehensively to construction sustainability goals. This study presents a construction sustainability goals contribution matrix for BIM. The matrix indicates that this contribution may be more limited than it is commonly thought.

Dynamic Optimization of a 2-DOF Pseudo-Equatorial Tracking System

The key word for the design process of the photovoltaic tracking systems is the energetic efficiency. Using the tracking system, the photovoltaic panel follows the sun and increases the collected energy, but the driving motors consume a part of this energy. In these terms, the optimization of the tracking systems became an important challenge in the modem research and technology. In this paper, a strategy for the dynamic optimization of the photovoltaic tracking systems is presented. The main task in optimization is to maximize the energetic gain by increasing the incoming solar radiation and minimizing the energy consumption for tracking. This strategy is possible by developing the virtual prototype of the tracking system, which is a control loop composed by the multi-body mechanical model connected with the dynamic model of the actuators and with the controller model. In this way, it is possible to optimize the tracking mechanism, choose the appropriate actuators, and design the optimal controller.

A 3GHz Low-Power and Low-Phase-Noise LC VCO with a Self-Biasing Current Source

A fully integrated 3GHz low-power and low-phase-noise voltage-controlled oscillator （VCO） with a self-biasing current source was implemented in a standard 0.18μm CMOS process. A trade-off between noise and power was realized through the optimization of the improved current source. The VCO can be tuned from 2.83 to 3.25GHz with a 13.8% tuning range. The measured phase noise at 1MHz offset is -111dBc/Hz at a frequency of 3.22GHz while the core circuit draws less than 2mA from a 1.8V supply voltage. These results make the circuit suitable for a 5GHz wireless local area network （WLAN） receiver and 3.4 to 3.6GHz world interoperability for microwave access （WiMAX） application.

The self-strengthening mechanism in the development of a resource-based economy： with a case study

A resource-based economy is an economic system driven by the exploitation of mineral resources and dominated by the energy, mineral and other resource sectors. In resource- rich areas, there is often an investment bias toward the resource sector because of the existence of a threshold for investment in human capital in the manufacturing sector. Once the resource sector is dominant, it has a particular atwaction effect on the economic factors; its expansion and spread have a viscosity effect on industry families;, and the sunk costs and path dependence that emerge as industrialization evolves have a lock-in effect on the role of resources. This may give rise to development path dependence and the trap of resource advantage, resulting in a self-strengthening mechanism in resource-based economies. The key to escaping this trap is to break down the resource sector＇s original self-perpetuating mechanism and path dependence, introduce learning and innovation, adjust mechanisms far the distribution of resource benefits and realize industry coordination and transformational economic development.