In the present study, the data for population dynamics of micromammalia in Dnipropetrovs＇k Region in 1957-1999 and Dnipro-Orel＇s Natural Reserve at 1991-2009 are adduced. With the purpose to drawing up of the long-t...In the present study, the data for population dynamics of micromammalia in Dnipropetrovs＇k Region in 1957-1999 and Dnipro-Orel＇s Natural Reserve at 1991-2009 are adduced. With the purpose to drawing up of the long-term forecast at number are analyzed long-term lines of number on background kind＇s fine micromammals of dominant group. The analysis of long standing rows of number small mammals and comparison data with Wolf number were demonstration, which indicate that dynamic of number phone species （and dominant in particular） carry a cyclic character and contact with 11-year cycles of sun activity. Consequently, it was clearing up hidden periodical in dynamic of number mouse rodents. By that observation was dependence from cycles of sun activity. Probably, that in 2012 year, before peak of sun activity in 2013, next high increase about the number of small mammals for maxima （＂outbreak＂ mass reproduction is a peak ＂big wave＂） will take place.展开更多
The first humans （hominids） appeared at about the same geological time in three independent areas： in East Africa, southern Indochina and in the Kazakh steppe. People inhabiting all continents and countries around ...The first humans （hominids） appeared at about the same geological time in three independent areas： in East Africa, southern Indochina and in the Kazakh steppe. People inhabiting all continents and countries around the world descended from hominids that emerged in these three foci then resided elsewhere. The number of people emerged 2-3 million years ago now about 7.0 billion people. They inhabit the planet and the master space. Kazakh steppe, located in the middle of the Eurasian continent, has always had a positive impact on neighboring countries. According to historical geological data obtained in the south near the ridge Karatau, the first people emerged on the territory of Kazakhstan were found about 2 million years ago. Such a conclusion was made on the basis of residual cultural pebble tools of hominids, founded by scientists. As a result of geological survey work carried out in the 1960＇s there were found some primitive people, starting with the era of＂Arystandy culture＂ and including the Late Paleolithic era in the area of ridges Big and Small Karatau. There had been found the fossil remains of large mammals hunted by hominids around the sites of ancient people. Thanks for these residues the corresponding time of residence of primitive people can be judged from the animal world of the Kazakh steppe.展开更多
The 84-km long Changbai Mountain scenic Ring highway encircles and bisects the nature reserve. With the expected increasing traffic flow, increased wildlife vehicle collisions and barrier effects are likely. In order ...The 84-km long Changbai Mountain scenic Ring highway encircles and bisects the nature reserve. With the expected increasing traffic flow, increased wildlife vehicle collisions and barrier effects are likely. In order to identify wildlife crossing zones and future protective measurement, the authors carried out 10 wildlife highway crossing surveys during the winter in 2008-2009. For each 5-kin section, the authors recorded highway crossings of all small/mid-sized and large mammals and one large protected bird species, the hazel grouse （Bonasa bonasia） and noted snow depth and the dominant vegetation type. The authors detected 12 mammal species and one avifauna species crossing the highway 502 times. The smallest of mammal was the Eurasian red squirrel （Sciurus vulgaris）. Large mammals detected included the wild boar （Sus scrofe） （64） and brown bear （Ursus arctos） （1）. The average number of wildlife crossings per 5 km was 29.5. It was found that species richness and crossing frequency was higher in sections with broad leaf forest compared to sections with white birch secondary forest significantly. The authors suggested that disturbance of broad leaf forest be minimized during construction and strict protection be established for broad leaf forests around Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve.展开更多
Many invasive species exploit anthropogenically disturbed habitats, but most of those taxa evolved long before humans. Presumably, then, an ability to use natural （non-anthropogenic） disturbances pre-adapted invader...Many invasive species exploit anthropogenically disturbed habitats, but most of those taxa evolved long before humans. Presumably, then, an ability to use natural （non-anthropogenic） disturbances pre-adapted invaders to a world later degraded by people. Studies on invasive species in naturally disturbed habitats thus can clarify the ancestral niche of invaders. In the Australian tropics, metallic starlings Aplonis metallica nest communally in emergent rainforest trees during the wet-season, and invasive cane toads Rhinella marina join other predators （mammals, birds, reptiles, and other anurans） to exploit the food resources beneath those trees. Compared to conspecifics found along nearby roads through the forest, cane toads beneath bird-nesting trees occur at higher densities, and are smaller in body size. The sex ratio is female-biased, and recapture records suggest that fe- males may be philopatric at these sites （whereas recaptures were rare for both sexes found along the roads）. Some toads were found under the same trees in successive wet-seasons. Spooling showed that distances moved per night were similar along the road versus under the trees, but toads under trees showed lower net displacements. Diets also differed （based upon scat analysis）, with tree toads feeding more on beetles and less on ants. These nutrient-rich hotspots are ex- ploited primarily by adult females and juvenile toads, whereas adult males congregate at breeding sites. By magnifying pre-existing intraspecific divergences in habitat use, bird rookeries may en- hance population viability of cane toads by enabling critical age and sex classes to exploit food- rich patches that are rarely used by adult males.展开更多
文摘In the present study, the data for population dynamics of micromammalia in Dnipropetrovs＇k Region in 1957-1999 and Dnipro-Orel＇s Natural Reserve at 1991-2009 are adduced. With the purpose to drawing up of the long-term forecast at number are analyzed long-term lines of number on background kind＇s fine micromammals of dominant group. The analysis of long standing rows of number small mammals and comparison data with Wolf number were demonstration, which indicate that dynamic of number phone species （and dominant in particular） carry a cyclic character and contact with 11-year cycles of sun activity. Consequently, it was clearing up hidden periodical in dynamic of number mouse rodents. By that observation was dependence from cycles of sun activity. Probably, that in 2012 year, before peak of sun activity in 2013, next high increase about the number of small mammals for maxima （＂outbreak＂ mass reproduction is a peak ＂big wave＂） will take place.
文摘The first humans （hominids） appeared at about the same geological time in three independent areas： in East Africa, southern Indochina and in the Kazakh steppe. People inhabiting all continents and countries around the world descended from hominids that emerged in these three foci then resided elsewhere. The number of people emerged 2-3 million years ago now about 7.0 billion people. They inhabit the planet and the master space. Kazakh steppe, located in the middle of the Eurasian continent, has always had a positive impact on neighboring countries. According to historical geological data obtained in the south near the ridge Karatau, the first people emerged on the territory of Kazakhstan were found about 2 million years ago. Such a conclusion was made on the basis of residual cultural pebble tools of hominids, founded by scientists. As a result of geological survey work carried out in the 1960＇s there were found some primitive people, starting with the era of＂Arystandy culture＂ and including the Late Paleolithic era in the area of ridges Big and Small Karatau. There had been found the fossil remains of large mammals hunted by hominids around the sites of ancient people. Thanks for these residues the corresponding time of residence of primitive people can be judged from the animal world of the Kazakh steppe.
文摘The 84-km long Changbai Mountain scenic Ring highway encircles and bisects the nature reserve. With the expected increasing traffic flow, increased wildlife vehicle collisions and barrier effects are likely. In order to identify wildlife crossing zones and future protective measurement, the authors carried out 10 wildlife highway crossing surveys during the winter in 2008-2009. For each 5-kin section, the authors recorded highway crossings of all small/mid-sized and large mammals and one large protected bird species, the hazel grouse （Bonasa bonasia） and noted snow depth and the dominant vegetation type. The authors detected 12 mammal species and one avifauna species crossing the highway 502 times. The smallest of mammal was the Eurasian red squirrel （Sciurus vulgaris）. Large mammals detected included the wild boar （Sus scrofe） （64） and brown bear （Ursus arctos） （1）. The average number of wildlife crossings per 5 km was 29.5. It was found that species richness and crossing frequency was higher in sections with broad leaf forest compared to sections with white birch secondary forest significantly. The authors suggested that disturbance of broad leaf forest be minimized during construction and strict protection be established for broad leaf forests around Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve.
文摘Many invasive species exploit anthropogenically disturbed habitats, but most of those taxa evolved long before humans. Presumably, then, an ability to use natural （non-anthropogenic） disturbances pre-adapted invaders to a world later degraded by people. Studies on invasive species in naturally disturbed habitats thus can clarify the ancestral niche of invaders. In the Australian tropics, metallic starlings Aplonis metallica nest communally in emergent rainforest trees during the wet-season, and invasive cane toads Rhinella marina join other predators （mammals, birds, reptiles, and other anurans） to exploit the food resources beneath those trees. Compared to conspecifics found along nearby roads through the forest, cane toads beneath bird-nesting trees occur at higher densities, and are smaller in body size. The sex ratio is female-biased, and recapture records suggest that fe- males may be philopatric at these sites （whereas recaptures were rare for both sexes found along the roads）. Some toads were found under the same trees in successive wet-seasons. Spooling showed that distances moved per night were similar along the road versus under the trees, but toads under trees showed lower net displacements. Diets also differed （based upon scat analysis）, with tree toads feeding more on beetles and less on ants. These nutrient-rich hotspots are ex- ploited primarily by adult females and juvenile toads, whereas adult males congregate at breeding sites. By magnifying pre-existing intraspecific divergences in habitat use, bird rookeries may en- hance population viability of cane toads by enabling critical age and sex classes to exploit food- rich patches that are rarely used by adult males.
