模拟自然树生长的竞争算法及在曲线拟合中的应用

利用自然树生长过程中生长、凋落矛盾统一的原理,建立了自然树生长的竞争模型,提出了模拟自然树生长的竞争算法.为验证算法的合理性和有效性,将其应用于复杂曲线的拟合,与标准遗传算法进行对比,该算法具有运行速度快、内存占用率低、拟合精确度高.与经典的最小二乘法进行对比,该算法内存占有率低且具有抗噪特性.该算法为优化设计和计算提供了一种新的思路.

自然树的生长竞争模型及程序实现

与分形理论演绎方式对比,自然树生长竞争模型是利用自然树生长过程中生长、凋落矛盾统一原理而建立的,该模型根据植物的生存环境控制或调节植物的生长过程,其生成的树是自然演化的结果而不是人们理性设计的结果。文中,实现了三维植物树木形态的计算机模拟,生长竞争模型为今后优化复杂天线设计等问题奠定了基础。

自然树生长竞争算法在树形线天线设计中的应用

针对遗传算法优化树形线天线存在搜索时间过长且难以得到满意结果,提出了将自然树生长竞争算法应用于树形线天线的设计。基于其基本原理,定义了用于树形线天线生成的阳光适应度函数、营养因子、遮挡因子,建立了模拟自然树生长的竞争模型。利用该模型结合天线数值建模方法时域有限差分法,开发了树形线天线自动设计系统。针对端射、高增益、宽带等要求,利用该系统设计出中心频率在2.45 GHz、同轴馈电方式的一种新型树形线天线,并进行了仿真。该天线的辐射模式为端射,增益达7.35 dBi,相对带宽达4.56%。结果表明此设计方法比相同反射板的传统单极子天线具有较高的增益和带宽,也验证了该算法的可行性和有效性。

苹果乔化幼树自然树形的改造

山西省运城、临汾及晋中部分地区近年来发展了不少红富士、秦冠、乔纳金等苹果密植园,每亩栽植55～94株,树形多呈自然生长状态。随着树龄的增长,树冠郁闭、骨干枝密集、外围徒长。

新样态学校下的小学“自然树”课程的开发与实施

建设有特色的学校课程体系是当前推进基础教育课程改革的重要途径,它力求解决过去课程改革中出现的片面追求课程数量、规模,盲目整合,忽略系统思考和整体设计,从而造成的课程建设"碎片化""分散化""割裂化""无序化"等一系列问题。在这种情况下,我校依据新样态理念,结合学校实际从课程思想、课程目标、课程要素、课程构架、课程体系、课程特色等方面开发了"自然树"课程,并积极进行了"育苗"课堂的实施。它的开发有利于全面落实党的教育方针,有利于提高课程的适应性,有利于学校办出特色,有利于尽可能满足学生个性的发展,有利于促进教师的专业发展,有利于实现学生的全面发展。

基于扩展自然序树的概化关联规则增量挖掘方法

概化关联规则挖掘作为数据挖掘领域一个重要的拓展性研究课题,首先提出了一种概化扩展自然序树(generalized extended canonical-order tree,GECT)结构及其增量挖掘算法GECT-IM.该算法对原始分类事务数据库只扫描一次,就可以将所有交易信息映射至一棵压缩格式的GECT,然后通过对更新交易数据集扫描得到更新数据集中各项集的计数,结合相关性质及运算就可以发现大部分更新后的概化频繁项集;其次,针对GECT规模较大以及GECT-IM 算法仍然可能需要遍历初始GECT树的局限,在界定数据库更新和重构概念的基础上,基于一种可量化度量的准最小支持度阈值,提出了一种改进的准频繁概化扩展自然序树(pre-large generalized extended canonical-order tree,PGECT)结构及其增量挖掘算法PGECT-IM.由于有效避免了对初始GECT进行遍历的情形,从而进一步提升了概化关联规则增量挖掘效率.实验证明,提出的概化关联规则增量挖掘算法 GECT-IM 及其优化算法PGECT-IM,比现有增量挖掘算法具有更高的挖掘效率和更好的扩展性.

自然景物树的视觉模拟

用ＰＤＺＬ算法、Ｆｔａｃｔａｌ－Ｓｕｂｄｉｖｉｓｉｏｎ算法在ＳＧＩ工作站上实用了自然景物树的计算机视觉模拟．

信息类课程建设生长树自然发展模式研究

课程建设是高校教学工作重要的基础工程。文章探索了一种教材体系为根的信息类课程建设生长树自然发展模式。教材体系是根本,教学团队是核心力量,内容体系、方法理念、实践体系和资源体系是重要建设方向,以应用结合为特色建构教学内容体系,以学生的学为中心创新教学方法理念,以能力培养为目标改革实践体系,以服务需求为引导整合资源体系,并通过教材体系和教学成果的落地推动自然循环发展,循序渐进地提高课程建设水平。

一种新型微带端射平面树形天线的自动设计

将一种新的优化算法—自然树生长竞争算法,用于天线优化,结合基于有限元方法(FEM)的电磁场数值仿真软件,实现天线的自动设计,并设计出的新型微带端射平面树形天线。在5.77GHz～5.93GHz频段内S11<-10dB,辐射方向保持良好的端射特性,且在5.8GHz的端射增益为5.4dBi。根据仿真结果,制作一个原型天线并对其进行测试,测试结果与仿真结果吻合良好。

森林竞争算法及在超越方程求解中的应用

针对现有的仿生优化算法局部搜索能力差、早熟收敛问题,利用自然树枝条的生长、凋落矛盾统一原理和森林生态系统中竞争排斥原理,建立了森林动态演化的竞争模型,提出了森林竞争优化算法。为验证算法的合理性和有效性,将其应用于超越方程的求解。与标准遗传算法进行对比,该算法运行速度快;与标准粒子群算法进行对比,该算法搜索到全部解的成功率高。该算法为优化设计和计算提供了一种新的方法和思路。

自然数列对虾树及其串联树的强优美性

具有完美匹配M的n阶树T是强优美的,如果对任意的uv∈M,存在树T的一个优美标f,使得f(u)+f(v)=n-1.讨论了自然数列对虾树及其串联树的强优美标号.

Physiological characteristics changes of Aesculus chinensis seeds during natural dehydration

A study was conducted to determine the physiological characteristics changes of Aesculus chinensis seeds during natural dehydration in 2003. The results showed that A. chinensis seeds were recalcitrant with being highly desiccation-sensitive. The seed moisture content of fresh fruits was higher than 60%. When the seeds were naturally dried for 30 days, their moisture content declined to 30.2% and their viability was completely lost. The seed germination percentage had a small increase at the beginning of desiccation and then decreased rapidly. The relative electrical conductivity of the A. chinensis seeds increased along with a decrease in seed moisture content. However, there was an abnormal increase in relative electrical conductivity when the seed moisture content was between 53.7% and 50.9%. Superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity decreased rapidly in the period of desiccation except for an abnormality when the seed moisture content was between 53.7% and 50.9%. Malondialdehyde （MDA） content increased slowly at the early stage of desiccation and then rose rapidly after the moisture content was below 50.9%. The soluble sugar content in seeds slowly increased with the increasing period of desiccation. The seed germination percentage was at the high level when seed moisture content was in range of 47%- 60%, which suggests that this was the optimum moisture content for maintaining A. chinensis seed viability.

Effects of Short-term Freezing on Endodormancy Release in Nectarine Bud

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the endodormancy release in nectarine bud treated by short-term freezing. [Method] Through short-term freezing at seven different temperatures for three different periods on bud, the livability, burst, ratio of free water to bound water and membrane permeability of ＇Shuguang＇ nec- tarine bud were studied. [Result] On November 10, compared with non-freezing treatment （CK）, the bud burst, ratio of free water to bound water and membrane permeability treated by freezing at -5 and -8 ℃ were almost the same as CK. But the rest freezing treatments advanced the date of endodormancy release, while the bud burst, ratio of free water to bound water and membrane permeability were high- er than CK. on November 20 and 30, the effects of the freezing treatment on en- dodormancy release were the same when the treatment on November 10, and the effect was better as the treatment was later. [Conclusion] The correlation of the rate of bud burst, ratio of free water to bound water, and membrane permeability of the different freezing treatments indicated that the change from bound water to free wa- ter and the increase of membrane permeability were probably the signal of endodor- mancy release.

新产品集萃

屋内人造树安装在建筑物内部的外形仿效自然树木的人造树,能自动调节"树冠"以下区域内的光照亮度与温度,使之趋于自然。在树干中装有电源接口、电线、数据电缆和冷热风道,而"树枝"上则布满了照明装置。

Morphological, mechanical and thermal properties of cyanate ester/benzoxazine resin composites reinforced by silane treated natural hemp fibers

This present study deals with the reinforcement of thermosetting resin blends composed of cyanate ester(CE) and benzoxazine(BOZ) resins with natural hemp fibers(NHFs). These NHFs were initially treated by using a silane coupling agent(SCA) in order to chiefly enhance their distributions as well as adhesions within the CE/BOZ resin matrix,then incorporated with various weight amounts ranging from 5 wt% to 20 wt% with a regular interval of 5 wt%. The obtained results showed that at the maximum treated fiber loading(20 wt%), distinctive enhancements in the mechanical properties in terms of flexural strength and microhardness were obtained. Besides, the thermal stability and glass transition temperature(Tg) were appreciably enhanced and were higher than those of the pure CE/BOZ resin properties. With respect to the astonishing properties of the NHFs, these enhancements could be possibly due to the good dispersion and adhesion of the treated NHFs inside the CE/BOZ resin achieved upon using the SCA. Therefore,we believe herein that these renewable and cheap NHFs have considerable potential to be used as reinfocer materials for CE/BOZ resin composites to be used in various industrial sectors.

Changing the Moisture Content of the Spartina and Miscanthus and Willow Shoots during Storage in Natural Conditions

The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of the distribution of energy plant moisture content along the height of their shoots and the dynamics of moisture during storage in natural conditions. The shoots of Spartina, Miscanthus and willow were used in the study. Entire shoots were cut into sections of 10 cm and for each set in monthly cycles for six months moisture content was evaluated. After a month＇s storage of freshly cut shoots the biggest decrease of content moisture in the shoots of Spartina and Miscanthus was recorded, by 31% and 22%, respectively, and the lowest in willow shoots （12%）. After sixth months of shoots storage the lowest moisture content （10%-12%） was reached in miscanthus. The most uneven moisture content along the height of shoots Spartina was characterized because on one third of the height from the bottom, the moisture content of shoots was 20%, and the top had moisture content in the range 5%-10%. Willow shoots were characterized by the smallest drop in moisture, and the final moisture content was about 23%, with the top part of moisture content of 10%-20%. The dynamics of moisture change during the six months of storage of grass shoots （Miscanthus and Spartina） in natural conditions under roofing was described by one power function regression, and willow by another one. Empirical models can be used to predict changes in moisture content of these plants in experiment conditions, since the coefficients of determination were 94.66% and 89.18%, respectively.

Density function theory study on the interaction between camptothecin and cytosine

Density function M06 method has been used to optimize the geometries of camptothecin-cytosine at 6-3 I＋G＊ basis. Finally, thirteen stabilized complexes have been obtained. Theories of atoms in molecules （AIM） and natural bond orbital （NBO） have been utilized to investigate the hydrogen bonds involved in all the complexes. The interaction energies of all the complexes are corrected by basis set superposition error （BSSE）. By the analysis of complexes interaction energy, charge density, second- order interaction energies E（2）; it is indicated that the complex 6 is the most stable structure.

Ecological Species Groups and Interspecific Association of Dominant Tree Species in Daiyun Mountain National Nature Reserve

Abstract： Research on the ecological species groups and interspecific association of plant species are helpful to discover species coexistence processes and mechanisms, and to more fully understand plant community structure, function, and its taxonomy. However, little is known about the ecological species groups （ESG） and the interspecific association of dominant species in Daiyun Mountain National Nature Reserve of Fujian Province, China. Therefore, the main goal of this paper is to explore the ESG using maximal tree, and to analyze interspecific associations of 32 dominant species selected from lo2 sample plots using the chi-square test. The results show that： （1） 32 dominant species have a significant overall positive interspecific association, which indicates that the natural forest in Daiyun Mountain National Nature Reserve is stable, （a） The species pairs with weak associations, non-associations and positive associations account for lo.88%, 29.64% and 59.48% of the total 496 species pairs respectively, which suggests that the population distributions of the dominant species investigated are relatively independent, （3） The following species pairs may be useful for practical application, 〈Pinus taiwanensis, Rhododendron farrerae〉, 〈Castanopsis carlesii, Altingia chinensis〉, 〈C. carlesii, Castanopsis fargesii〉, 〈Castanopsis eyrei, C. fargesii〉, 〈P. taiwanensis, Fagus lucida〉 , 〈Machilus thunbergii, Castanopsis nigrescens〉, and （4） The results of clustering analysis based on the maximal tree method indicates that the 32 dominant species can be divided into 3 ESGs when A at o.6o, that is ESG I {Pinus massoniana, Cunning hamia lanceolata}, ESG II {P. taiwanensis, R. farrerae, Enkianthus quinqueflorus}, ESG III {C. carlesii, A. chinensis, C. eyrei, Castanopsis fabri, C. fargesii, Schima superba, Machilus thunbergii, Rhododendron latoueheae}. The results may be used for the selection of afforestation tree species in South China Forest Areas and guide the natural management of plantations.

Natural Composite Material from Steelwool or Luffa cylindrica under Natural, Rigid and Flexible Resin

In a changing world with a high interest in new ecomaterials, natural fibers such as the steelwool or Luffa cylindriea appear in new presentations and mixing with other materials to develop better opportunities to replace synthetic fibers. This work presents a research on the use of steelwool fiber for composite materials, on the basis of the physical properties, that generate conditions of mixing with three binders （matrix） natural： the rosin, artificial hard： polyurethane resin and artificial flexible： flexible twin resin （epoxy） and finally a polyester resin to make a comparison with other major resins. A testing of compression and tension is carried out to the materials analyzed, obtaining three types of composite materials by the above mentioned binders and three proposed presentations of fiber （complete, tissue and ground）. The test tube in tension with polyester resin presented a high rigidity and a percentage of deformation of 14%, resulting in less distortion than the woven with resin polyurethane with 12% of deformation. The presentation with resin polyurethane presented greater resistance to compression, because the resin acts as a sponge absorbing the energy of charge and the join of particles is larger than the other presentations generating greater cohesion among them and avoiding its rupture easily for a load of 2,000 kg. The presentation that is least resisted was the woven in two resins in the stage of energy absorption of load where polyurethane is 800 kg and the flexible twin is 850 kg, because the form of woven fiber distribution creates spaces where there are more resin than fiber.

Gastric cancer-derived heat shock protein-gp96 peptide complex enhances dendritic cell activation

AIM To investigate the role of heat shock protein (HSP)glycoprotein (gp) 96 in dendritic cells (DCs) and lymphocytes induction in gastric cancer (GC). METHODS Human GC cell lines KATOIII, MKN-28 and SGC-7901 were infected with adenovirus gp96 at a multiplicity of infection of 100. gp96-GC antigen peptide complexes were purified. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to determine allo-reactive T cell stimulation, natural killer (NK) cell activity and expression of cytokines (such as interleukin (IL)-10, IL-12, interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha), respectively. Effect of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) on DCs incubated with HSP-gp96 was also evaluated by LDH release. All assays were performed in triplicate and the average values were reported. Comparison between groups was conducted using Student's t test. RESULTS T cells incubated with HSP-gp96 exhibited a marked increase in proliferation in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). NK cell activity after gp96-GC peptide complex treatment was significantly higher than that after antigen peptide treatment (P < 0.05). The activity of CTLs incubated with DCs from three GC cells lines was obviously higher than that stimulated by GC antigen at ratios of 50: 1, 25: 1, 10: 1, and 5: 1 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the secretion of TNF-alpha, IL-10, IL-12 (P70) and IFN-alpha markedly increased after incubation with HSP-gp96 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION HSP-gp96 promotes T cell response, enhances DC antigen presentation and induces cytokine secretion, as well. HSP-gp96 has potential as immunotherapy for elimination of residual GC cells.