Habitat selection of Guizhou golden monkey (Phinopithecus rox-ellanae brelichi) in Fanjing Mountain Biosphere Reserve, China

Guizhou golden monkey (Phinopithecus roxellanae brelichi) is a peculiar, rare and endangered species. It is dis-tributed most narrowly and requires a rigorous habitat. In this study the habitats of Guizhou Golden Monkey were divided into three habitats: most suitable habitats, suitable habitats and marginally suitable habitats. The characteristics of the vegetation community, environmental factors and extreme environmental factors in the three habitats were systematically analyzed. The seasonal activity rule, activity area and the food characteristic of Guizhou golden monkey were also study at the same time. The results indicate that the evergreen and deciduous broadleaf mixed forest is the optimal living vegetation community for Guizhou golden Monkey, and the suitable annual temperature is 8-15 C, the extremely lowest temperature is 2.5 C, the extremely highest temperature is 25 C, and the optimal living altitude is 1500-1700 m. In the same area, the higher the vegetation diversity, the more suitable it is for the life of Guizhou golden monkey. Temperature and food are the main habitat factors in determining the activity scope of the guizhou golden monkey community. The Altitude, temperature and the characteristics of the vegetation community are the main limiting factors for habitat selection.

Taxonomic Distinctness of Macrofauna as an Ecological Indicator in Laizhou Bay and Adjacent Waters

In this paper, we assessed the ecological and biodiversity status in the Bohai Sea through a quantitative survey on mac-rofaunal community at 25 stations in Laizhou Bay and adjacent waters in the autumn of 2006.We tested the robustness and effectiveness of taxonomic distinctness as an ecological indictor by analyzing its correlation with species richness and natural environmental variables and by analyzing other ecological indicators (Shannon-Wiener H' and W statistics from Abundance Biomass Comparison curve).Results so obtained indicated that the benthic environment of the study waters in general is not under major impact of anthropogenic disturbance, but some stations in Laizhou Bay and along the coast of the Shandong Peninsula and even in the central Bohai Sea might be moderately disturbed and showed signs of ecological degradation.The taxonomic distinctness measures △+ and Λ+ were independent of sampling effort and natural environment factors and were compliant to other ecological indicators.Further application of the taxonomic distinctness indicator to assess marine biodiversity and ecosystem health on a larger regional scale with historical data seems promising.

Effect of Cropland Occupation and Supplement on Light-temperature Potential Productivity in China from 2000 to 2008

There are more people but less land in China,so food safety has always been a most important issue government concerned.With continuous population increase,economic development and environment protection,cropland occupation and supplement are unavoidable.It not only leads to the variation of cropland area,but also makes the light-temperature potential productivity per unit area different due to regional climate differentiation,therefore impacts the total potential productivity and food output eventually.So,it is necessary to analyze the climate differentiation between occupation and supplement cropland areas and to study its impact on total potential productivity,which is significant to reasonably develop natural resources and instruct agricultural arrangement.This study firstly discussed the variation and distribution of occupation and supplement croplands in China from 2000 to 2008,then analyzed the climate differentiation between occupation and supplement cropland areas and its effect on light-temperature potential productivity.The results demonstrate:1) From 2000 to 2008,the cropland variation presented occupation in the south and supplement in the north,but overall decreased.Supplement cropland was mainly from ecological reclamation(77.78%) and was mainly distributed in Northeast China and Northwest China with poor climatic and natural conditions.Occupation cropland was mainly used for construction(52.88%) and ecological restoration(44.78%) purposes,and was mainly distributed in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,and the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River with better climatic and natural conditions.2) The climate conditions were quite different in supplement and occupation cropland areas.The annual precipitation,annual accumulated temperature and average annual temperature were lower in the supplement cropland area,and its average po-tential productivity per unit was only 62% of occupation cropland area,which was the main reason for the decrease of total potential productivity.3) Cropland occupation and supplement led to the variation of total potential productivity and its spatial distribution.The productivity decreased in the south and increased in the north,but had a net loss of 4.38315×107 t in the whole country.The increase of cropland area was at the cost of reclaiming natural forest and grassland resources,and destroying natural ecological environment,while the decrease of cropland area was mainly due to a lot of cropland occupied by urban-rural construction,which threatened the sustainable use of cropland resources.

Sustainable Development and the Basic Value of Natural Environment

Contrast with artificial environment, the multi-level self-organizational system of nature has great gain. Sustain-able material environment should respect nature: non-rubbish and super-cycle quality of natural ecosystem offers the material source of human development, fractal structure of nature offers new field of space and information source to this high-density and information-based society, dissipative structure of nature links the new system of energy with whole ecosystem organi-cally, and life-chain regulation is the base of sustainable life environment. Nature guarantees the physical healthy environ-ment by its all-dimension healthy factor, constructs the mental healthy environment by its quality of co-ordinate and chaos, so that guarantees the whole emergence of sustainable develop-ment on the 'super-science' level. In the view of sustainable development, construction, green economy and human health are basic fields. With the concept of ecosystem regulation, we can relate these fields organically and fulfill the task of human health, welfare and sustainable development. Ecosystem regulation is the base of sustainable development's new para-digm.

Hazards and Landscape Changes(Degradations) on Hungarian Karst Mountains Due to Natural and Human Effects

In order to study the karstological processes within the karst ecological system,the geohazards and degradation of karst landscapes on the karst areas of the Bakony mountains(Hungary),we investigated the abiotic elements of the environment,soil and cover deposits,erosion soil decay;the changes in the quantity and quality of karst waters:contamination at swallow holes,contamination of karst springs;and the biogenic factors:surface vegetation coverage by the corine land cover method,plant-ecological examinations,qualification of surface waters with the help of biological water labeling.We recognized that the increasing human activities during the past few centuries have had significant impact on the investigated landscapes of karst areas because of their spatial sensitivity.In the scope of our research we concluded that the landscape changes due to natural and human effects can vary strongly on the different karst areas.These differences can arise from the climatic and geomorphologic situation,the coverlayer's qualities,etc.,but primarily from the different utilization of the investigated karst areas(e.g.the intensity,characteristics and territorial extension of utilization).On the spot investigation we detected traces of new and fast geomorphological processes(gully formation,landslides,collapses,new sinkhole development) and landforms(sinkholes,gullies,swallow holes),which are clear evidences of the effect of climatic changes.

Industrial Ecosystem and the Development of Strategic Emerging Industries

Based on the theories of business ecosystem and national innovation system, this paper proposes a concept of industrial ecosystem. Differ from ecologists and environmentalists who regard industrial ecosystem as the natural ecosystems in which material, energy and information circulates, this paper defines industrial ecosystem as a set of factors that are vital to the development of a certain industry and their interrelationship. The industrial ecosystem consists of three sub-systems that are innovation ecosystem, production ecosystem, and application ecosystem, and subsidiary factors that include factor supply, infrastructure, socio-cultural environment, international environment and policy system. The industrial ecosystem is characterized by interdependencies, complex interactions, self-recovery and co-evolution. The development of an industry is＇ the result of the reaction of the whole industrial ecosystem; therefore, the competition in strategic emerging industries among countries is in essence the competition in industrial ecosystems. Those countries which are able to take the lead in setting up complete industrial ecosystem will occupy advantage in developing strategic emerging industries. Cultivating and developing strategic emerging industries requires promoting the development and coordination of the whole ecosystem.

Urban and Industrial Metabolism： Towards Sustainable Planning

Nowadays, urban planning supposes a key issue to promote sustainable cities＇ development. In the last decades, the urban growth of developed countries has caused several environmental, social and economic problems, such as the inefficient use of resources and infrastructures. Notwithstanding, detailed analysis of population＇s necessities allows decreasing these drawbacks. These enhancements can foster a more feasible development through technical sustainability criteria. Therefore, the urban metabolism study becomes an essential tool to plan a suitable management for material and energy flows. Industrial Ecology （IE） theory looks for the sustainable integration of human activities on their natural environment. It seeks mimic natural systems performance and their processes. Industrial Metabolism （IM） studies those processes which turns material and energy into products and wastes. The IE final goals aim to promote improvements in process efficiency, decreasing consumption and waste generation through flows recirculation and exchange networks of material and energy. This contribution proposes a new conceptual framework which integrates urban and industrial metabolisms as an opportunity to achieve more efficient and sustainable development. The review of national and international experiences shows the improvements achieved through metabolisms＇ combination based on the exchanges of residual energy and water streams.

Elementary Introduction and Suggestion on Ecotourism

The ecotourism is a combination of popularizing ecological, scientific knowledge and increasing the nation's awareness of protection of nature. Therefore, it is a better form for national forest parks and nature reserves to fully publicize the necessity of environmental protection. The combination of ecology with tourism is the current world-developing tendency.

Tracing the Holistic Voice in Ecological Space： Exploring Theodore Roszak＇s Ecopsychology in Henri Lefebvre＇s ＂Differential Space＂

The goal of ecopsychology is to awaken the inherent sense of environmental reciprocity that lies within the ecological unconsciousness. Proclaiming the spirit of ecopsychology, Theodore Roszak argues that psychotherapy is an urban movement, but human beings can never heal themselves until they reconnect with nature. Other therapies aim at healing the alienation between person and person, person and family, person and society; ecopsychology intends to heal the more primary alienation between the person and the natural environment. Henri Lefebvre＇s work has revitalized urban studies, geography and planning via concepts like the social production of space. Lefebvre claims that space is not an inert, neutral, and pre-existing given, but rather, an on-going production of spatial relations. According to Lefebvre, space is produced by three types of practice： spatial practices of physical transformation of the environment, practices of representation of space, and everyday practices of representational space. Lefebvre further presents a ＂differential space,＂ named as such for its dialectical resistance to the forces of homogenization present in ＂abstract space.＂ The aim of this paper is to trace the ecological voice from Roszak＇s The Voice of the Earth in Henri Lefebvre＇s ＂differential space.＂ Roszak＇s ecopsychology has formed a differential space, acknowledging that the boundaries of dualism and separations such as mind and body, man and nature should be finally dissolved in terms of ecological sustainability. Within this space, a holistic approach and thinking are created and required to take into account perception of the inextricable relationship between all life and all phenomena.

On the Theory of Harmonious Co-existence between Man and Nature by Marx and Engels

Marx and Engles believed that man and nature develop harmoniously, when the activities of man constitute the content of nature, which is changed constantly because of the activities of man. Marx and Engles also pointed out the duality of the conquest, change and influence exerted on nature by man. On one hand, it can improve people’s living conditions and make people free from the enslavement of the nature. On the other hand, it may also lead to excessively snatching and wrecking nature, then make the deterioration of the environment and ecology out of balance. They also, from the technical angle of ecology, put forward the concrete measures to realize the harmonious symbiosis of man and nature in the development of economy. They also believed that only when socialism or communism is realized, can the conciliation of mankind and nature be realized finally. Marx and Engle’s theory of harmonious symbiosis of man and nature is of great theoretical directive significance for us to insist on the scientific development view.

Natural Barriers to Eco-environmental Vulnerability in a Complex Ecosystem

Natural features such as mountain ranges, steep slopes and vegetation prevent human movement from one habitat to another. They prevent the ecological harm from natural phenomenon like erosion and landslide. Forests destruction has brought about deterioration of ecological environment such as increasing soil and water losses. RS （Remote Sensing） and GIS （Geographic Information System） technology have enhanced the eco-environment assessment procedure using eco-environment quality index tool. This paper presents results of the research on the investigation of the potentials of different landscapes on the complex ecosystem of Makeng Village in Fuj Jan Province to act as natural barrier to eco-environmental vulnerability. Vulnerability factors analysed were soil erosion, vegetation cover, land use types, slope and elevation. To see how one factor acts as natural barrier eco-environment stressors, factor maps were overlaid in pairs using ArcGIS 9.2 software and the matrix statistics exported for analysis in Microsoft Excel. The results showed steep slopes naturally limit human activities, growth of big trees and increase soil erosion. Flat and gentle slopes are less vulnerable to erosion. Elevation is among natural barriers to human activities. Human activities decrease with increasing elevation, hence making the eco-environment naturally stable/undisturbed. In this study, eco-vulnerability to erosion decreases with increasing vegetation cover.

Impacts of Human Activity on Biodiversity——An Approach to Driving Force Indicators

The impact of human activity on biodiversity is very complicated, making it difficult to design practical indicators for assessment.Currently,state and response indicators are listed within Chapter15 of Agenda21,but no mention is made of driving force indicators and how they relate to biodiversity protection. This paper repre- sents an effort to identify and then operationalize the idea of driving force indicators at national level.Five human induced factors affecting biodiversity were discussed: (a) habitat loss and fragmentation; (b) overexploitation of resources;(c)species introduction;(d)pollution;and (e) climate change. From these five factors, a subsetwas selected to serve as possible driving force indicators:(1)habitat loss, (2)the ratio of exotic species to indigenous ones, and (3)the change in pollution status. Although the three indicators are relatively simple,they coverthe most important human impacts on biodiversity and offer the potential for further redefinition and ultimate use within the spirit of biodiversity protection.

Establish the New View of Nature and Environment-The Discussion about the Important Philosophical Foundation of Project Ethics

In the modem project, how to understand and deal with the relationship between man and nature correctly, and how to treat ecology, resource, lives of animals and plants correctly have become the outstanding and urgent subjects day by day. Thee article illustrated that the new views of nature and environment are the important philosophical foundation of project ethics from three aspects： the recognition of the relationship between man and nature, the meditation of traditional mode of production, and the ecological and environmental consciousness.

Development of the eco-community planning studies under the concept of low-carbon

Universality of low-carbon eco- city planning measures, Government regulation, as an important planning means to guide urban development urban; it is an allocation mechanism for land and space resource. Low-carbon eco- city planning is especially important for China as it is in a state of rapid economic growth, urbanization acceleration, carbon emissions increase, ecological environment deterioration and intensifying economic transformation. During the process of low-carbon eco-city planning, we must consider the whole range of temporal and spatial distribution of the city and grasp the overall coordination system of time and space. We should regard it as a system of the entire biosphere and regulate urban according to true features of ecosystems, that is in a basically a three-dimensional, integrative compound patterns. We need consider the natural ecological system factors, technological physics factors, economic assets factors, social and cultural factors as well as various humanitarian factors among the urban system structure; consider the impact of the internal and external urban environmental systems; make them interact and influence each other and restrict each other through the planning of the urban system material flow, energy flow, information flow and capital flow; insists the evaluation basic of the healthy development of urbanization and the of exercise macro -control on the dynamic representation＂ of the city development, the ＂qualityrepresentatiou＂ ofthecity＇ s connotation and the air representation＂ of the city state in order to overcome the ＂ urban disease ＂ by development, to reduce the ＂ urban disease ＂ by planning, to treat the ＂ urban disease ＂ by management. Only by bringing the design and control into the scope of long-term planning and governing can we effectively monitor and guide the development and construction of low-carbon eco- towns.

Panda Habitat Added to World Heritage List

“Bamboo has blossomed. Held in her mother’s arms, Mimi is counting the number of stars in the sky. How beautiful the stars are and where is my breakfast tomorrow...

The Correlation Between Mathematics and Music---Practice With the Students of the Pedagogical Faculty in Sarajevo

In contemporary times, the principle of interdisciplinarity has been applied more and more, and based on that, the educational system allows a certain subject not to be confined any longer within the limits set by its name and it also allows the cross-curricular connectedness. Led by that, the authors came up with the idea to examine the possibilities of the application of this principle within the courses of mathematics and music. This paper examines the relationship of correlation-integration-co-ordination, or linking-conjoining-harmonizing. The sample consists of the students at the fourth and fifth year of the Pedagogical Faculty in Sarajevo. The research topic is the correlation between mathematics and music. The research problem is the possibility to successfully realize a class in which mathematical and musical activities correlate. The aim of the research is to come up with some guidelines that would lead to a more successful application of the aforementioned correlation in practice. The conclusion is that we should work more on the possibilities of applying various forms of intercorrelation between subjects, to make the class content even more appropriate to the natural environment in which the child learns in a relaxed manner.

Man, City, and Nature in The Woman Warrior and Ballad of Eternal Sorrow

In a time of the global market economy, if one wants to live harmoniously together with nature or living environment, he should not think with a theoretical mode of dualist contradiction but that of harmony and coexistence such as ＂wholeness of man and nature＂. To illustrate this point, this paper thinks The Woman Warrior and Ballad of Eternal Sorrow are two significant texts： Ballad of Eternal Sorrow tells an ordinary, self-respecting, and life-respecting story of WANG Qi-yao and the girls like her as well as the city Shanghai. They blend into one harmonious whole： The city is like the girls and the girls match the city. Likewise, The Woman Warrior highlights the significance of naturc on the girl narrator＇s epiphany and healthy growth. The narrator comes to understand that paradoxes are the basic existent condition of human beings and so what she needs to do is to be magnanimous and balanceable in accepting these paradoxes.

Some Potential Solutions to Global Environment Problems ＆ Energy Crisis： Based on Design

Nowadays human society enters the 21st century, with the rapid economic and technological development, people＇s material and spiritual requirements has got great satisfaction. However, natural environmental damage brought by us is also accelerating. Natural disasters happen frequently, including ecological degradation and deterioration, energy resources crisis, greenhouse effect, earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes etc. The global crisis has once again waken-up call to mankind. How to properly solve these crises had become a common and urgent responsibility of mankind. This paper will mainly discuss and seek some new potential methods in solving energy crisis and environmental problems from the perspective of automotive and architecture design. As an architect, how to avoid light pollution and reduce heat absorption of roof, increasing heat reflectance of roof are becoming their main and urgent responsibilities. On the other hand, reducing greenhouse effect, researching and developing new low-carbon, low-emission fuel sources are also becoming automotive designers＇ obligations. Living in harmony with nature ＆ earth is becoming the common human themes of the 21 st century.

Design With Nature： The Practice and Theory of Two Chinese Intellectual Architects of the Eighth Century

An old tradition of designing with nature had existed for thousands of years in ancient China. In order to achieve ideal living environment, people believed that they should use, repair, and improve the nature in an active but abstemious way, and a complete system of design theories and techniques gradually developed. The intellectual architects, in particular, pioneered the practical and theoretical developments, especially those in Tang dynasty made extraordinary contributions. Among them, Yuan lie （元结） and Liu Zongyuan （柳宗元） were particularly outstanding. They had different experiences but similar achievements in Yongzhou area, which was a remote, less-developed region but with beautiful landscapes. In this paper, the planning and design practices of these two intellectual architects were examined and compared. Their principles and methods of Design With Nature were summarized. Also, the historical influence of their works and its contemporary value were briefly discussed at last.

Improving Open Spaces for a Sustainable City

The feasibility of city living with nature as a way to restore the balance between human uses and natural processes is the focus of this paper about the city of Maringa in Southern Brazil. This urban form, a planned new town founded in 1947 upon a previous, comprehensive British land-development scheme, originally offered a friendly interaction between urban settlement and nature. Hence, this paper outlines how open spaces can be enhanced as an ecological structure, bringing parks, squares, gardens and urban farming into a productive system, both for nature＇s and for people＇s sakes. Following a morphological study, the proposed ecological structure will maintain ecological processes within the urban grid and help to preserve historical and social values, by linking a wide variety of natural and restored ecosystems and landscape features. The adoption of this kind of ecological planning will certainly result in an increase of the urban landscape quality, changing actual planning paradigm and preventing the city from environmental quality decrease.