红碱淖国家级自然保护区种子植物多样性及区系地理分析

[目的]调查红碱淖国家级自然保护区种子植物资源,并进行区系地理分析,以探明保护区植物的分布规律,为保护区生物多样性保护提供依据.[方法]利用植物生活型和区系地理学原理,采用野外样线样方调查法,选取8条样线35个样点,对保护区的种子植物资源进行调查,结合查阅资料,对保护区种子植物生活型和植物区系特征进行分析研究.[结果]红碱淖自然保护区有野生种子植物242种,隶属于63科167属,其中裸子植物3科6属7种,被子植物60科161属235种.生活型和区系地理分析结果表明,保护区内植物可分为乔木、灌木、亚灌木、多年生草本、一年生和两年生草本等5种生活型.科的分布区类型有4种分布型和2变型,属的分布区类型有13种,其中有104属为温带分布型,占总属数的62.28%,植物区系具有明显的温带性质.保护区水生、湿生及植物种类多样,且发育良好.耐盐、耐旱植物种类较多.[结论]红碱淖自然保护区种子植物生物多样性较低,生态平衡脆弱,亟待加强保护.

红双自然保护区生态系统服务功能价值评估

红双自然保护区具有提供生态系统产品、固碳释氧、涵养水源、净化空气、保持与改良土壤、维持生物多样性、提供文化娱乐服务等7项生态系统核心服务功能.从物质量与价值量的角度,利用市场价值法、影子工程法、机会成本法等研究方法对红双自然保护区每年的生态经济价值进行估算.结果表明,该自然保护区每年总生态经济价值为3 765.65万元(平均为1.41万元/公顷),其中直接价值为344.39万元,间接价值为3 421.26万元,两者之比接近1:10.研究表明,红双自然保护区生态系统具有巨大的生态服务功能,对温州市生态环境建设具有重要作用.

广西红水河自然保护区动物资源调查和保护对策

20 0 2年 8 - 9月对广西龙滩水电站库区 ,即红水河流域进行了动物资源调查 ,结果表明 :红水河自然保护区计有脊椎动物 10 5科 ,3 82种 .其中东洋界 3 11种 ,占 81.47% ;广布种 71种 ,占 18.5 3 % ;其区系处于东洋界华南区和华中区的过渡地带 ,并有少量西南区物种的嵌入 .其中国家Ⅰ级保护动物 4种 ,Ⅱ级保护动物 44种 ,共占 12 .69% .红水河自然保护区脊椎动物的组成是 :哺乳类 5 5种 ,鸟类 179种 ,爬行类5 7种 ,两栖类 45种 ,鱼类 3 6种 .库区蓄水后 ,部分生境变化 ,导致动物生态类群改变 。

神秘的北国原始红松林

被誉为活化石的原始红松林景区，位于黑龙江省小兴安岭南坡的伊春市五营林业局施业区内。早在20世纪60年代。五营丰林景区就被确定为永久性的原始森林生态自然保护区，面积18400公顷，为我国东北惟一保存完好、面积最大的原始植物群落，于1999年被正式纳入联合国科教文组织丰林生物圈保护区。

Photosynthetic induction responses of Pinus koraiensis seedlings grown in different light environments

The time processes of photosynthetic induction responses to various irradiances in Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) seedlings grown in open-light environments and in understory of forest were studied in an area near the Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystems, Jilin Province, China from July 15 to August 5, 1997. The results showed that at 200 靘olm-2s-1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and 500 靘olm-2s-1 PPFD, the induction time for the photosynthetic rates of understory-grown seedlings to reach 50% and 90% steady-state net photosynthetic rates was longer than that of the open-grown seedlings. The induction responses of open-growth seedlings at 500 靘olm-2s-1 PPFD were slower than those at 200 靘olm-2s-1 PPFD, but it was the very reverse for understory-growth seedlings, which indicates that the photosynthetic induction times of Korean pine seedlings grown in the understory depended on the sunfleck intensity.

Characteristics of natural Japanese yew population in Muling Nature Reserve of Heilongjiang Province,China

The scalar of Japanese yew （Taxus cuspidata） population and the relationship between individual distribution and site factors were analyzed according to investigating data in 74 sample belts with a total sampled area of 436.872 hm2 in Muling Nature Reserve. The result showed that the distribution rules of Japanese yew population were correlated to elevation, slope position, slope aspect and slope gradient. The optimal distribution range in elevation for the natural Japanese yew population is at the attitudes of 700-800 m. The amounts of Japanese yew individuals on shady slope were more than those on sunny slope. On top slope and mid-slope, the individual amounts of Japanese yew are more than those on toe slope. Most of Japanese yew individuals occurred on slope gradient of less than 15. The scalar of the population was decreased with the slope gradient increasing.

A Comparative Study on the Quality Components Between Self Pollinated Seeds and Naturally Pollinated Seeds in Brassica napus L. in Sichuan Ecological Region

[ Objective] This study was to reveal the differences in crude fat and glucosinolates between self pollinated seeds and naturally pollinated seeds in Brassica napus in sichuan ecological region.. [ Method] Near-infrared spectroscopy method （NIRS） was employed to measure the quality components in self pollinated seeds and naturally pollinated seeds of 861 shares of Brassica napus from Sichuan ecological region. And correlation analysis and regression analysis were conducted based on the experimental data via SPSS （statistics package for social science）. [ Result] The contents of crude fat in the self pollinated seeds were commonly a higher than that in the naturally pollinated seeds at 0.01 significant level; while the contents of glucosinolates in the self pollinated seeds and the naturally pollinated seeds were insignificantly different. Both the correlation relationship and linear regression for the crude fat between the self pollinated seeds and naturally pollinated seeds reached the significant level. The regression equations for the contents of crude fat（y1 ） and glucosinolates（ y2 ） in the naturally pollinated seeds and of crude fat（ x1 ） and glucosinolates（ x2 ） in self pollinated seeds were respectively determined to be y1 = 16.844 ＋0.614x1 and y2 = -0.620 ＋ 1.017 x2. [ Conclusion] In Brassica napus breeding, crude fat in naturally pollinated seeds should be emphatically taken into account, meanwhile concurrently considering that in self pollinated seeds; while glucosinolates in both the self pollinated seeds and the naturally pollinated seeds must be simultaneously concerned.

Identification of Taxus cuspidata Sieb.et Zucc endophytic fungi─ new recorded-genus-species of China and the metabolite

A total of 94 isolates of endophytic fungi were isolated from the bark of 200-yr.-old Taxus cuspidata Sieb. et Zucc. in the primeval forest of the Changbai Mountain Natural Reserve, and 19 species of endophytic fungi were identified. Among the taxa 2 new species and 1 new varied species as well as the 6 known species of China had been described in a previous article published on Journal of Forestry Research, Vol. 14 (4): 290-294 (2003). This paper made a detail description on the morpho-logical characteristics of the 9 new recorded-genus-species and 1 new record species with illustrations, including Staphy-lotrichum coccosporum Meyer et Nicot, Botryodema lateritium Papendoorf & Upadhyay, Oedocephalum glomerulosum (Rul-liard) Sacc., Trichosporonoides oedocephalis Haskins & Spencer, Beniowskia sphaeroidea (Kal Chbrenner et Caeke) Mason, Thermomyces verrucosus Pugh, Blakeman & Morgan-jones, Gilmaniella humicola Brron , Arthrinium sphaerosperma (Per.:Fr.) Ellis, Ambrosiella brunnea (Verrall) Batra, and Cytosporina notha Diedz (1 new record species). And the habitats, hosts, distribu-tions and fruiting periods were recorded for the new recorded-genus-species. The determination result of thin layer chroma-tography (TLC) showed that the liquid fermentation metabolites of the strains could not react positively with taxoids developer - the vanillic aldehyde and dilute bismuth potassium iodide.

ANALYSIS OF THE ENVIRONMENT FEATURE OF BREEDING AREA AND ENDANGERED FACTORS OF RED-CROWNED CRANE IN CHINA

Red-crowned Crane (Grus japonensis), a kind of endangered large-scale wader, is one of valuable and rare birds in the world. It has been indexed in China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals (Aves), China Data Book of Major Protection Wild Animals, World Red Data Book of Birds, State Trade Protocol of Endangered Wild Plants and Animals Species. The paper studies the amount, distribution, habit, growth and habitat of Red-crowned Crane in China in detail, systematically analyses the ecological environment feature of Red-crowned Crane breeding area, including the vegetation feature, the vertical distribution law of absolute humidity and temperature, some carnivorous food and herbivorous food for Red-crowned Crane. At present, the ecological environment of breeding area has been destroyed seriously by human activity. The area of marshland is reduced rapidly. A large area of reeds has been disappeared. The survival of Red-crowned Crane is threatened greatly. So it′s necessary to maintain the biodiversity of breeding area in order to protect Red-crowned Crane. .

白里透红 保养化妆

初夏的阳光和干燥的春风交融在一起,使肌肤又干又皱,化出的妆也是一块一块的,不均匀也没有光彩,其实补救的办法还是有的,早晨早起10分钟,先做一套简单有效的皮肤保养再化妆,就可以化出一个白里透红的美丽佳人。

Assessment and Management Strategies for Ungulate Population in Jiangxi Matoushan National Nature Reserve:Predicting the Prey-base from Empirical Field Data

In order to investigate the feasibility of reintroducing the South China tiger （Panthera tigris amoyensis） in the Jiangxi Matoushan National Nature Reserve, field surveys were conducted to assess prey distribution in the reserve. Twelve permanent transects were set in three distinct functional zones from February to April 2012 and May to July 2013. A total of 112 ungulate signs were recorded on these transects. In addition, 20 camera traps were used to survey ungulates and predators in 2012, while the following year we extended the survey site by using 30 cameras. Overall, 6641 capture events on 2930 camera days were obtained, presenting a variety of ungulate spe- cies： muntjak （Muntiacus muntjak）, tufted deer （Elaphodus cephalophus）, serow （Capricornis sumatraensis） and wild boar （Sus scrofa）. Population structure and composition of ungulates was compared in different functional zones using a single factor of variance analysis in SPSS software. Significant differences in the distribution of un- gulates were recognized between the core zone and experimental zone, but not in other zones due to differences in habitat types and management practices of the nature reserve. Using ArcGIS analysis and Salford Predictive Modeler software, we ran several predictive models to understand which areas are most suitable for ungulates. We conclude that muntjac and wild boar are mainly distributed in the experimental zone, serow are more common in the core zone, while tufted deer are located evenly in the three functional zones. Finally, suggestions for effective and feasible management strategies and techniques for Matoushan National Nature Reserve were recom- mended based on the results and analysis in this study.